Специфика рецепции русской культуры в современной зарубежной прозе

The present article delves into the nuances of how Russian culture is portrayed in contemporary foreign literature. The primary goal of this research is to discern the distinctive features of the representation of Russian culture in three novels: Pawel Huelle's "Castorp" (2004), Hans Pleschinski's "Königsallee" (2013), and William Boyd's "Restless" (2006). The core focus of this study is intertwined with the enduring fascination of literary scholars with the concept of imagology and the scrutiny of how the "Other" or the "Foreign" is depicted within national literary contexts. The analysis of these Polish and German novels reveals that the image of Russia is largely influenced by the prominent German writer Thomas Mann, who serves as a bridge to understanding Russian culture. In William Boyd's case, Russian culture is closely associated with the works of A.P. Chekhov, whose influence significantly shapes the poetics of the British author's novels. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the portrayal of Russia in these novels relies on certain literary clichés and stereotypes that are ingrained in Western public consciousness. However, it is noteworthy that among contemporary writers who incorporate Russia into their works, Huelle, Pleschinski, and Boyd tend to adopt a more balanced perspective, refraining from aligning themselves with the more extreme views of its critics.The present article delves into the nuances of how Russian culture is portrayed in contemporary foreign literature. The primary goal of this research is to discern the distinctive features of the representation of Russian culture in three novels: Pawel Huelle's "Castorp" (2004), Hans Pleschinski's "Königsallee" (2013), and William Boyd's "Restless" (2006). The core focus of this study is intertwined with the enduring fascination of literary scholars with the concept of imagology and the scrutiny of how the "Other" or the "Foreign" is depicted within national literary contexts. The analysis of these Polish and German novels reveals that the image of Russia is largely influenced by the prominent German writer Thomas Mann, who serves as a bridge to understanding Russian culture. In William Boyd's case, Russian culture is closely associated with the works of A.P. Chekhov, whose influence significantly shapes the poetics of the British author's novels. The conducted analysis demonstrates that the portrayal of Russia in these novels relies on certain literary clichés and stereotypes that are ingrained in Western public consciousness. However, it is noteworthy that among contemporary writers who incorporate Russia into their works, Huelle, Pleschinski, and Boyd tend to adopt a more balanced perspective, refraining from aligning themselves with the more extreme views of its critics.В статье приводится анализ специфики рецепции русской культуры в современной зарубежной прозе. Цель работы состоит в выявлении особенностей изображения образа России в романах Павла Хюлле «Касторп» (2004), Ханса Плешински «Королевская Аллея» (2013) и Уильяма Бойда «Неугомонная» (2006). Ракурс исследования связан с неугасающим вниманием литературоведов к проблемам имагологии, к изучению специфики образов «Другого» («Чужого») в национальных литературах. Анализ немецкого и польского романов показал, что образ России формируется под влиянием взглядов великого немецкого писателя Томаса Манна, который становится «проводником» в постижении русской культуры. Для Уильяма Бойда русская культура неразрывно связана с творчеством А. П. Чехова, чье творчество оказало влияние на поэтику романов британского писателя. Проведенный анализ показал, что образ России в данных романах основан на ряде литературных клише и стереотипов, свойственных западному общественному сознанию. Однако в современной зарубежной художественной литературе о России Хюлле, Плешински и Бойд занимают скорее умеренную позицию, не относясь к радикальному крылу ее критиков

Damage buildup in Si under bombardment with MeV heavy atomic and molecular ions

Accumulation of structural disorder in Si bombarded at −196 °C with 0.5 MeV ²⁰⁹Bi₁ and 1 MeV ²⁰⁹Bi₂ ions (the so-called molecular effect) is studied by Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry. Results show that the damage buildup is sigmodal even for such heavy-ion bombardment at liquid nitrogen temperature. This strongly suggests that, for the implant conditions of this study, the buildup of lattice damage cannot be considered as an accumulation of completely disordered regions. Instead, damage-dose curves are well described by a cascade-overlap model modified to take into account a catastrophic collapse of incompletely disordered regions into an amorphous phase after damage reaches some critical level. Results also show that Bi₂ ions produce more lattice damage than Bi₁ ions implanted to the same dose. The ratio of lattice disorder produced by Bi₂ and Bi₁ ions is 1.7 near the surface, decreases with depth, and finally becomes close to unity in the bulk defect peak region. Parameters of collision cascades obtained using ballistic calculations are in good agreement with experimental data. The molecular effect is attributed to a spatial overlap of (relatively dense) collision subcascades, which gives rise to (i) nonlinear energy spike processes and/or (ii) an increase in the defect clustering efficiency with an effective increase in the density of ion-beam-generated defects.Research at StPSTU was supported in part by the Ministry for General and Professional Education of the Russian Federation

The Generalized Methodic of Assessment of Potential of Regional Development Based on the Disbalance Analysis

The authors develop their approach to assessing the growth potential of the educational performance indicators of the regions of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, the proposed methodology is generalized in order to create a more universal model, which allows one to go to the stage of formulating the necessary managerial decisions

Assessment of Parameters of Regional Education Systems as Instrument of Managerial Decisions Development

The authors propose an approach for developing an interrelated management consulting aimed at improving regional education systems. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the calculated statistical indicators of preschool education

The influence of ultrafine-grained structure on the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of austenitic stainless steels

In this study, equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) of austenitic 316L and Cr-Ni-Ti stainless steels was carried out. Effect of ECAP at 400 °C on the evolution of the microstructure, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of these steels was investigate

Beam coupling in hybrid photorefractive inorganic-cholesteric liquid crystal cells: impact of optical rotation

We develop a theoretical model to describe two-beam energy exchange in a hybrid photorefractive inorganic-cholesteric cell. A cholesteric layer is placed between two inorganic substrates. One of the substrates is photorefractive (Ce:SBN). Weak and strong light beams are incident on the hybrid cell. The interfering light beams induce a periodic space-charge field in the photorefractive window. This penetrates into the cholesteric liquid crystal (LC), inducing a diffraction grating written on the LC director. In the theory, the flexoelectric mechanism for electric field-director coupling is more important than the LC static dielectric anisotropy coupling. The LC optics is described in the Bragg regime. Each beam induces two circular polarized waves propagating in the cholesteric cell with different velocities. The model thus includes optical rotation in the cholesteric LC. The incident light beam wavelength can fall above, below, or inside the cholesteric gap. The theory calculates the energy gain of the weak beam, as a result of its interaction with the pump beam within the diffraction grating. Theoretical results for exponential gain coefficients are compared with experimental results for hybrid cells filled with cholesteric mixture BL038/CB15 at different concentrations of chiral agent CB15. Reconciliation between theory and experiment requires the inclusion of a phenomenological multiplier in the magnitude of the director grating. This multiplier is cubic in the space-charge field, and we provide a justification of the q-dependence of the multiplier. Within this paradigm, we are able to fit theory to experimental data for cholesteric mixtures with different spectral position of cholesteric gap relative to the wavelength of incident beams, subject to the use of some fitting parameters

Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction: How to measure its sign in weak ferromagnetics?

Three experimental techniques sensitive to the sign of the Dzyaloshinskii--Moriya interaction are discussed: neutron diffraction, Moessbauer gamma-ray diffraction, and resonant x-ray scattering. Classical examples of hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) and MnCO3 crystals are considered in detailComment: 5 pages, 1 figure; to be published in JETP Letter

Эффективность фотолюминесцентного метода контроля гомогенности кормовых смесей в животноводстве

The spectral evaluation systems for controlling the feed mixtures homogeneity were analyzed. (Research purpose) To study the optical luminescent properties of the feed mixtures main components in the ultraviolet and visible range and develop a method for their photoluminescent quality control. (Materials and methods) Two groups of feed mixture components were studied: granular compound feed and corn silage. The spectral characteristics were measured by Fluorat-02-Panorama spectrofluorimeter. The synchronous scanning helped to identify the excitation spectra and, on their basis, the photoluminescence spectra were determined according to a previously tested technique. (Results and discussion) The components excitation spectra revealed the main maxima of 362 nanometers and 424 nanometers. All the photoluminescence characteristics proved to be single-modal, for each excitation wavelength, the measured curves are qualitatively similar, but differ quantitatively: for example, the difference in the compound feed and light silage flows is 2.4 times at a length of 232 nanometers, 2.8 times at 424 nanometers and 3.8 times at 362 nanometers. It is advisable to use 362-nanometer wavelength radiation to excite the experimental sample of the feed mixture, and to record photoluminescence within the range of 390-540 nanometers. The method of express quality control of mixing includes the following stages: initial calibration by the compound feed luminescence, sample preparation, mixture luminescence excitation, the luminescence flux registration, photo signal amplifiation and processing according to diagnostic algorithms, followed by either feed distribution or sequel mixing with repeated express control. (Conclusions) The proposed method for assessing the quality of mixing the feed mixture components can be implemented using a compact spectral device. It was found that the use of the proposed method in the technological process of preparing the feed mixture will reduce the energy costs.Провели анализ спектральных систем оценки для контроля гомогенности кормовых смесей. (Цель исследования) Изучить оптические люминесцентные свойства основных составляющих кормовых смесей в ультрафиолетовом и видимом диапазонах и разработать методику фотолюминесцентного контроля их качества. (Материалы и методы) Исследовали две группы компонентов кормовой смеси: гранулированный комбикорм и кукурузный силос. Спектральные характеристики измеряли на спектрофлуориметре «Флюорат-02-Панорама». Установили спектры возбуждения при синхронном сканировании и на их основе определили спектры фотолюминесценции по ранее апробированной методике. (Результаты и обсуждение) В спектрах возбуждения компонентов выявили основные максимумы, соответствующие длине 362 нанометра и 424 нанометра. Определили, что все характеристики фотолюминесценции одномодальны, а измеренные кривые для каждой длины волны возбуждения качественно схожи, но различаются количественно: например, различие потоков комбикорма и светлого силоса составляет 2,4 раза при длине 232 нанометра, 2,8 раза – при 424 и 3,8 раза – при 362 нанометрах. Рекомендовали использовать для возбуждения опытной пробы кормосмеси излучение длины волны 362 нанометра, а фотолюминесценцию регистрировать в диапазоне 390-540 нанометров. Описали этапы методики экспресс-контроля качества смешивания: начальная градуировка по люминесценции комбикорма, пробоподготовка, возбуждение люминесценции смеси, регистрация потока люминесценции, усиление фотосигнала и его обработка по алгоритмам диагностики, после чего следует либо кормораздача, либо продолжение смешивания с повторным экспресс-контролем. (Выводы) Предложили методику оценки качества смешивания компонентов кормовой смеси, которая может быть реализована с помощью компактного спектрального прибора. Выявили, что использование предлагаемого метода в технологическом процессе приготовления кормовой смеси позволит снизить энергетические затраты на смешивание кормов

Organization of state hospital assistance in feudal France, on the example of the HOTEL-DIEU

The article presents some data on the organization of hospital care in France in the period before The French revolution on the example of one of the first hospitals in Europe Hotel-Dieu. The archival materials of the national library of France of the second half of the XIX century, presented in French, were studied. It is established that by the time of the end of the feudal period, the Hotel-Dieu was the largest hospital with a developed system of medical care.В статье представлены некоторые данные по организации оказания больничной помощи во Франции в период до Великой Французской революции на примере одной из первыхбольниц Европы Отель-Дье. Были изучены архивные материалы национальной библиотеки Франции второй половины XIX века, представленные на французском языке. Установлено, что ко времени окончании феодального периода Отель-Дье была крупнейшей больницей с развитой системой оказания медицинской помощи