Stress and arterial hypertension: ISIAH rat strain

The main views of the issue of stress and hypertension are briefly reviewed. It is well known that stress is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease development. Increase in blood pressure is a typical manifestation of the acute stress response. This fact is the reason to hypothesize that chronic stress causes the development of hypertensive disease. An association of hypertension with psychological stress in humans was shown in several works. In addition, it was demonstrated that hypertension was accompanied by an increase in sympathetic tone. On the other hand, there were many population studies in which no association was found between different types of chronic stress and arterial hyper­tension. Thus, the question is far from being answered. Even in the cases when one managed to obtain a signi­ficant hypertensive effect in experimental studies with emotional stress, it was difficult to explain the mechanisms mediating the formation of stressinduced hypertension. To clarify the situation, one of the authors of this review decided to begin the breeding of a rat strain with increased blood pressure response to emotional stress. This breeding gave rise to inbred rats with persistent stress-induced arterial hypertension. A brief history of the development of the genetic model ofstress-induced arterial hypertension, the ISIAH rat strain, is given. A retrospective review of the studies performed with ISIAH rats is presented. The contribution of genotype changes in the neuroendocrine systems involved in stress and blood pressure regulation to the development ofstress-dependent hypertension in the ISIAH rat strain is shown

Состояние новорожденных после конверсии эпидуральной анальгезии в анестезию при кесаревом сечении: проспективное рандомизированное исследование

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: При проведении эпидуральной анальгезии (ЭА) в родах в случае необходимости оперативного родоразрешения встает вопрос о выборе дальнейшей тактики регионарной анестезии. В статье рассмотрены особенности влияния местных анестетиков на состояние новорожденного при проведении конверсии ЭА в анестезию при необходимости выполнения операции кесарева сечения в зависимости от используемого местного анестетика. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Оценить состояние новорожденного при проведении конверсии ЭА в родах через естественные родовые пути в анестезию при кесаревом сечении в зависимости от применяемого местного анестетика. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Проведено проспективное рандомизированное исследование 143 детей, рожденных от матерей, которым проводили конверсию ЭА в анестезию для оперативного родоразрешения методом кесарева сечения. В зависимости от используемого местного анестетика пациенток распределили на три группы, в 1-й группе в эпидуральное пространство вводили 20,0 мл 2 % раствора лидокаина в комбинации с 0,1 мг эпинефрина, во 2-й группе — 20,0 мл 0,5 % раствора бупивакаина, в 3-й — 20,0 мл 0,75 % раствора ропивакаина. Оценку состояния новорожденных проводили по шкале Апгар на 1-й и 5-й минутах жизни и по шкале NACS в первые 15 мин, через 2, 24 и 72 ч после рождения. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: Оценка новорожденных по шкале Апгар независимо от применяемого местного анестетика при эпидуральной анестезии на 1-й и 5-й минутах соответствовала 7 баллам и более (р > 0,05). Психоневрологическое состояние новорожденных при оценке по шкале NACS статистически значимо не различалось во всех группах и на всех этапах исследования. Внутри каждой группы между этапами исследования средние значения оценок по NACS статистически значимо увеличивались по сравнению с предыдущим. ВЫВОДЫ: Конверсия ЭА в родах через естественные родовые пути в анестезию при кесаревом сечении безопасна для плода и новорожденного при использовании 20,0 мл 2 % раствора лидокаина в комбинации с 0,1 мг эпинефрина или 20,0 мл 0,5 % раствора бупивакаина либо 0,75 % раствора ропивакаина в объеме 20,0 мл

Ion Thermal Decoupling and Species Separation in Shock-Driven Implosions

Anomalous reduction of the fusion yields by 50% and anomalous scaling of the burn-averaged ion temperatures with the ion-species fraction has been observed for the first time in D[superscript 3]He-filled shock-driven inertial confinement fusion implosions. Two ion kinetic mechanisms are used to explain the anomalous observations: thermal decoupling of the D and [superscript 3]He populations and diffusive species separation. The observed insensitivity of ion temperature to a varying deuterium fraction is shown to be a signature of ion thermal decoupling in shock-heated plasmas. The burn-averaged deuterium fraction calculated from the experimental data demonstrates a reduction in the average core deuterium density, as predicted by simulations that use a diffusion model. Accounting for each of these effects in simulations reproduces the observed yield trends.United States. National Nuclear Security Administration (Grant DE-NA0001857)University of Rochester. Fusion Science Center (Grant 415023-G)National Laser User’s Facility (Grant DE-NA0002035)University of Rochester. Laboratory for Laser Energetics (Grant 415935-G)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (Grant B600100

Exploration of the Transition from the Hydrodynamiclike to the Strongly Kinetic Regime in Shock-Driven Implosions

Clear evidence of the transition from hydrodynamiclike to strongly kinetic shock-driven implosions is, for the first time, revealed and quantitatively assessed. Implosions with a range of initial equimolar D[superscript 3]He gas densities show that as the density is decreased, hydrodynamic simulations strongly diverge from and increasingly overpredict the observed nuclear yields, from a factor of ∼2 at 3.1  mg/cm[superscript 3] to a factor of 100 at 0.14  mg/cm[superscript 3]. (The corresponding Knudsen number, the ratio of ion mean-free path to minimum shell radius, varied from 0.3 to 9; similarly, the ratio of fusion burn duration to ion diffusion time, another figure of merit of kinetic effects, varied from 0.3 to 14.) This result is shown to be unrelated to the effects of hydrodynamic mix. As a first step to garner insight into this transition, a reduced ion kinetic (RIK) model that includes gradient-diffusion and loss-term approximations to several transport processes was implemented within the framework of a one-dimensional radiation-transport code. After empirical calibration, the RIK simulations reproduce the observed yield trends, largely as a result of ion diffusion and the depletion of the reacting tail ions.United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-NA0001857)United States. Dept. of Energy (Grant DE-FC52-08NA28752)University of Rochester. Fusion Science Center (5-24431)National Laser User’s Facility (DE-NA0002035)University of Rochester. Laboratory for Laser Energetics (415935-G)Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (B597367

The ART-XC telescope on board the SRG observatory

ART-XC (Astronomical Roentgen Telescope - X-ray Concentrator) is the hard X-ray instrument with grazing incidence imaging optics on board the Spektr-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG) observatory. The SRG observatory is the flagship astrophysical mission of the Russian Federal Space Program, which was successively launched into orbit around the second Lagrangian point (L2) of the Earth-Sun system with a Proton rocket from the Baikonur cosmodrome on 13 July 2019. The ART-XC telescope will provide the first ever true imaging all-sky survey performed with grazing incidence optics in the 4-30 keV energy band and will obtain the deepest and sharpest map of the sky in the energy range of 4-12 keV. Observations performed during the early calibration and performance verification phase as well as during the on-going all-sky survey that started on 12 Dec. 2019 have demonstrated that the in-flight characteristics of the ART-XC telescope are very close to expectations based on the results of ground calibrations. Upon completion of its 4-year all-sky survey, ART-XC is expected to detect ~5000 sources (~3000 active galactic nuclei, including heavily obscured ones, several hundred clusters of galaxies, ~1000 cataclysmic variables and other Galactic sources), and to provide a high-quality map of the Galactic background emission in the 4-12 keV energy band. ART-XC is also well suited for discovering transient X-ray sources. In this paper, we describe the telescope, results of its ground calibrations, major aspects of the mission, the in-flight performance of ART-XC and first scientific results.Comment: 19 pages, 30 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Педиатрический мультисистемный воспалительный синдром, ассоциированный с новой коронавирусной инфекцией: нерешенные проблемы

Since March 2020, the first reports have appeared about the increasing, almost everywhere, number of children who have undergone a new coronovirus infection caused by SARS-Cov-2 with a symptom complex resembling the manifestations of Kawasaki disease. A special feature of the clinical manifestations of this syndrome, which is called “Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19”, is the high incidence of life-threatening conditions caused by the sharp development of arterial hypotension against the background of cardiogenic or vasogenic shock.In St. Petersburg, since the end of November 2020, there has been a sharp surge in admissions of children to the ICU of various hospitals with the clinic of Pediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome, who have laboratory confirmation of the transferred COVID-19.The purpose of this article is to attract the attention of doctors of various profiles, to combine efforts to study this pathology, to determine the criteria for verifying the diagnosis, optimal treatment regimens and dispensary monitoring of patients who have been ill.С марта 2020 г. появились первые сообщения о возрастающем практически повсеместно количестве детей, перенесших новую короновирусную инфекцию, вызванную SARS-Co2v, с симптомокомплексом, напоминающим проявления болезни Кавасаки. Особенностью клинических проявлений при данном синдроме, который получил название «педиатрический мультисистемный воспалительный синдром, ассоциированный с COVID-19», является высокая частота возникновения жизнеугрожающих состояний, обусловленных резким развитием артериальной гипотензии на фоне кардиогенного или вазогенношого шока.В Санкт-Петербурге с конца декабря 2020 г. наблюдается резкий всплеск поступлений в ОРИТ различных стационаров детей с клиникой педиатрического мультисистемного воспалительного синдрома, имеющих лабораторное подтверждение перенесенного COVID-19.Целью настоящей статьи является привлечение внимания врачей различного профиля для объединения усилий по изучению данной патологии, определения критериев верификации диагноза, оптимальных схем терапии и диспансерного наблюдения за переболевшими

Experimental research of neutron yield and spectrum from deuterium gas-puff z-pinch on the GIT-12 generator at current above 2 MA

The Z-pinch experiments with deuterium gas-puff surrounded by an outer plasma shell were carried out on the GIT-12 generator (Tomsk, Russia) at currents of 2 MA. The plasma shell consisting of hydrogen and carbon ions was formed by 48 plasma guns. The deuterium gas-puff was created by a fast electromagnetic valve. This configuration provides an efficient mode of the neutron production in DD reaction, and the neutron yield reaches a value above 1012 neutrons per shot. Neutron diagnostics included scintillation TOF detectors for determination of the neutron energy spectrum, bubble detectors BD-PND, a silver activation detector, and several activation samples for determination of the neutron yield analysed by a Sodium Iodide (NaI) and a high-purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. Using this neutron diagnostic complex, we measured the total neutron yield and amount of high-energy neutrons

Antiischemic effects of metoprolol and the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disturbances in angina patients

Aim. To study the association between antiischemic effects (AIE) of metoprolol (MP), glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity in patients with stable angina (SA). Material and methods. The study included 28 male patients, aged 46-68 years, with stable effort angina, Functional Class II-III, and positive exercise stress test (EST). The time of the ST segment depression by ≥1 mm defined the threshold exercise stress time. MP in a selected dose was administered twice a day, for one month. Its hemodynamic effects were assessed by the dynamics of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and double product (DP). Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed at baseline (before MP administration) and after one month of MP treatment. Tissue insulin sensitivity and insulin resistance (IR) were assessed by ISI0.120 and HOMA-IR parameters, respectively. Results. AIE was registered in 57% of the patients, while 43% failed to demonstrate it. Both groups did not differ by the extent of MP impact on the levels of HR, BP, and DP. The presence or absence of AIE was linked to selected parameters of glucose metabolism. In patients with AIE, the pre-treatment levels of glucose and insulin 2 hours after glucose load were higher (p=0,028 and 0,043, respectively) and ISI1,120 values lower than in patients without AIE (p=0,023). Among participants with AIE, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was observed in 4 at baseline and in 8 one month later; among patients without AIE, IGT was not registered. Conclusion. For the first time, the presence of AIE during MP therapy of SA patients was linked to the decreased insulin sensitivity of peripheral tissues (ISI0.120). Paired EST with a single MP dose at baseline provides an opportunity to identify the patients with a higher risk of metabolic disturbances during the longer-term MP treatment

Methods of quantitative modeling for the structures of alkaline borosilicate systems

Трофимов Евгений Алексеевич – кандидат химических наук, доцент кафедры общей металлургии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. E-mail: [email protected] Еремяшев Вячеслав Евгеньевич – доктор химических наук, заведующий кафедрой физики, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. E-mail: [email protected] Аникеев Андрей Николаевич – старший преподаватель кафедры общей металлургии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. E-mail: [email protected] Габова Алина Юрьевна – студент факультета техники и технологии, Южно-Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. E-mail: [email protected] Александрович Сергей Николаевич – студент факультета техники и технологии, Южно- Уральский государственный университет, филиал в г. Златоусте. 456209, г. Златоуст, ул. Тургенева, 16. E–mail: [email protected]. E.A. Trofimov, Zlatoust branch of the South Ural State University, Russian Federation, [email protected] V.E. Eremiashev, Zlatoust branch of the South Ural State University, Russian Federation, [email protected] A.N. Anikeev, Zlatoust branch of the South Ural State University, Russian Federation, [email protected] A.Yu. Gabova, Zlatoust branch of the South Ural State University, Russian Federation, [email protected] S.N. Alexandrovich, Zlatoust branch of the South Ural State University, Russian Federation, [email protected]На основе простых исходных представлений получена модель, качественно соответствующая экспериментальным данным и описывающая изменения в структуре продуктов закалки силикатных, боратных и боросиликатных расплавов. Представленный набор уравнений, описывающих взаимодействие между структурными единицами, и значений констант позволяет на качественном уровне адекватно реальности моделировать структуру твёрдых оксидных сплавов Na2O–SiO2, Na2O–B2O3 и применим к описанию системы Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 с любым соотношением [Na2O]/[B2O3]. On the basis of simple initial concepts the model for description of changes in the structure of hardening products for silicate, borate and borosilicate melts, qualitatively corresponding to the experimental data, has been arrived at. The presented set of equations describing the interaction between the structural units and the values of the constants adequately permits designing the structure of solid oxide alloys Na2O–SiO2, Na2O–B2O3; this method can be applied to Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 system description for any ratio [Na2O]/[B2O3]

Management of Children with Disease Caused by New Coronaviral Infection (SARS-CoV-2)

The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation jointly with professional association and experts in the field of pediatrics, infectious diseases and resuscitation has developed guidelines “Clinical Features and Management of the Disease Caused by New Coronaviral Infection (COVID-19) in Children” in order to provide the child population with effective medical care during the pandemic of the new coronaviral infection. The practical experience of specialists from various countries was considered during the development of this document. Special attention should be given to the evidence base of the presented data, as well as to the efficiency and safety issues of medications used in treatment of coronaviral infection and its complications. The authors highlight the problems of prevention, diagnostics and management of pathological conditions caused by COVID-19 in the article according to the presented guidelines. Patient’s management is presented depending on the age and severity of the disease itself. The therapy is considered with regard to etiological, pathogenetic and symptom focus