Imágenes como herramientas del habla espontánea

The article presents a figurative component in spontaneous speech. It is proved that an image enriches speech, and provides its individualization. Imagery testifies to the creative potential of an individual. It represents a deviation from accepted communicative cliches. Experimental word formation is considered as a source of imagery. A significant role is played by the phenomenon of abbreviation semantics in the process of nomination and renomination.El artículo presenta un componente figurativo en el habla espontánea. Está comprobado que una imagen enriquece el habla y proporciona su individualización. Las imágenes dan testimonio del potencial creativo de un individuo. Representa una desviación de los clichés comunicativos aceptados. La formación experimental de palabras se considera una fuente de imágenes. El fenómeno de la semántica de abreviatura desempeña un papel importante en el proceso de nominación y renominación

The effect of subsequent stress‐induced martensite aging on the viscoelastic properties of aged NiTiHf polycrystals

This study investigated the effect of stress‐induced martensite aging under tensile and compressive stresses on the functional and viscoelastic properties in Ni50.3Ti32.2Hf17.5 polycrystals containing dispersed H‐phase particles up to 70 nm in size obtained by preliminary austenite aging at 873 K for 3 h. It was found that stress‐induced martensite aging at 428 K for 12 h results in the appearance of a two‐way shape memory effect of −0.5% in compression and +1.8% in tension. Moreover, a significant change in viscoelastic properties can be observed: an increase in internal friction (by 25%) and a change in elastic modulus in tensile samples. The increase in internal friction during martensitic transformation after stress‐induced martensite aging is associated with the oriented growth of thermal‐induced martensite. After stress‐induced martensite aging, the elastic modulus of martensite (EM) increased by 8 GPa, and the elastic modulus of austenite (EA) decreased by 8 GPa. It was shown that stress‐induced martensite aging strongly affects the functional and viscoelastic properties of material and can be used to control them

The cyclic stability of rubber-like behaviour in stress-induced martensite aged Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 (at.%) single crystals

In present work, the cyclic stability of the rubber-like behaviour (RLB) was investigated in Ni49Fe18Ga27Co6 (at. %) single crystals. Crystals were aged in the martensite phase at 423 K for 1 h under a compressive stress of 450 MPa, applied along the [110]B2[100]L10-direction. The RLB was induced by a preliminary chemical stabilization of the oriented L10-martensite during stress-induced martensite aging (SIM-aging) and following the reversible reorientation of martensitic variants under a compressive stress applied along the [001]B2[001]L10-direction. The high cyclic stability of the RLB was obtained in 200 loading/unloading cycles, due to the low reorientation stresses of the L10-martensite variants (no higher than 140 MPa) and the high strength properties of the L10-martensite (~1.6 GPa). The irreversible strain after 200 cycles did not exceed 0.6%. An increase in the number of cycles did not lead to the effect of destabilization of the L10-martensite

The effect of stress-induced martensite aging in tension and compression on B2–B19′ martensitic transformation in Ni50.3Ti32.2Hf17.5 high-temperature shape memory alloy

The present study investigates the high-temperature shape memory effect (SME) in heterophase Ni50.3Ti32.2Hf17.5 polycrystals with nanosized H-phase particles after stress-induced martensite (SIM) aging in tension and compression. SIM aging created the conditions for fully reversible two-way SME with a strain of up to 50% of the one-way shape memory strain. SIM aging altered the viscoelastic properties of material, in particular, the elastic moduli of austenite and martensite increased, as did internal friction. Increased interface mobility is suggested as the reason for internal friction growth

Elastocaloric effect in aged single crystals of Ni54Fe19Ga27 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy

In the present study, the effect of 0-phase dispersed particles on both the L21(B2)-10M/14ML10 martensitic transformations and the elastocaloric effect in aged Ni54Fe19Ga27 single crystals oriented along the [001]-direction was investigated. It was experimentally shown that aging strongly affects the elastocaloric properties of these crystals. The precipitation of semi-coherent 0-phase particles up to 500 nm in size in the crystals aged at 773 K for 1 h leads to a 1.4 times increase in the operating temperature range of the elastocaloric effect up to DTSE = 270 K as compared with the initial as-grown crystals (DTSE = 197 K). The adiabatic cooling values DTad are similar for the as-grown crystals DTad = 10.9 (0.5) K and crystals aged at 773 K DTad = 11.1 (0.5) K. The crystals containing temperature range of DTSE = 255 K with slightly smaller adiabatic cooling DTad below 9.7 (0.5) K. The aged [001]-oriented Ni54Fe19Ga27 single crystals demonstrate high cyclic stability: the number of cycles does not influence the adiabatic cooling values and parameters of loading/unloading curves regardless of the particle size. The ways to improve the elastocaloric cooling parameters and stability of the elastocaloric effect by means of dispersed particles in the NiFeGa ferromagnetic shape memory alloy were discussed.В ст. ошибочно: Nikita S. Suriko

Infective endocarditis and COVID-19: the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on diagnostics, course, and prognosis

Aim. To study the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on hospitalization rates, diagnosis, and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) with a subanalysis of IE course in combination with COVID-19.Material and methods. This prospective cohort study included 168 patients with definite or probable IE (DUKE 2015) hospitalized in the V.V. Vinogradov City Clinical Hospital from July 2017 to July 2022. All patients underwent a conventional examination in accordance with current clinical guidelines. We studied clinical, paraclinical and etiological parameters, as well as outcomes.Two clinical observations of the combination of IE and COVID-19 are presented.Results. When assessing the local registry of patients with IE, a trend towards an increase in hospitalizations rate of IE in 2021-2022 was shown, with a decrease during the period of long-term lockdowns in Moscow and a subsequent surge after their cancellation. Patients with IE during the COVID-19 pandemic had a more favorable clinical profile, a 2-fold increase in IE diagnosis (due to late hospitalization), frequent detection of Staphylococcus aureus MSSA (32,6%), and frequent surgical treatment (up to 87,6% with a combination of IE and COVID-19), as well as high in-hospital mortality, but without a tendency to increase (30,4%). Clinical observations of IE and COVID-19 combination are presented, which demonstrates the contribution of COVID-19 as the only risk factor for native tricuspid valve IE in a patient without predisposing causes, as well as a factor in the unfavorable prognosis for native aortic valve IE after the addition of COVID-19, which led to lethal outcome.Conclusion. The present study demonstrates the profile of patients with IE and COVID-19 depending on the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 and the association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data obtained make it possible to discuss the potential relationship between COVID-19 and IE. The "endocarditis team" determines the timely implementation of surgery and the absence of an increase in inhospital mortality, regardless of the epidemiological situation

Broadband Microwave Absorption in Co-Based Amorphous Ribbons

Ferromagnetic resonance of Fe3Co67Cr3Si15B12 amorphous ribbons was measured using Rohde&Schwartz ZVA-67 Vector Network Analyzer in a wide frequency range 1–15 GHz.This research was funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, grant number FEUZ-2020-0051

Features of matrix metalloproteinases MMP2, MMP3, MMP9 genes regulatory region polymorphism in patients with uterine fbroids

Violation of the extracellular matrix components synthesis regulation contributes to the formation and growth of uterine fbroids (MM). Changes of collagen metabolism in connective tissue may be associated with polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes. Aim of the study was to analyze of the association of regulatory regions of matrix metalloproteinase genes MMP2 (rs243865), MMP3 (rs3025058), MMP9 (rs3918242) with the development of uterine myoma, its histological form, several concomitant gynecological diseases. Material and methods. The clinical study of 69 patients (23–54 years old) with uterine myoma was conducted. According to the anamnesis, 57.9 % of patients had childbirth, 46.4 % of women had an artifcial termination of pregnancy, and 15.9 % of women had endometriosis. In histological examination, in 48.14 % the nodes corresponded to the phenotype of simple fbroids with a large proportion of fbrous tissue, 51.6 % with the phenotype of proliferating fbroids. The comparison group is represented by a random population sample of women from Western Siberia. 183 women without pronounced gynecological pathologies were examined. MMP2-1306 C/T polymorphism was analyzed by TaqMan, MMP3-1171 5A/6A, MMP9-1562 C/T by restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Results. The genotype frequencies of the analyzed genes did not signifcantly differ between the groups. The complex genotype MMP2-1306CC:MMP3-11715A6A:MMP9-1562CT was decreased in women with uterine myoma relative to the persons of the comparison group. In endometriosis patients MMP9-1562CC genotype was reduced and heterozygosity was increased relative to patients without endometriosis. The frequency of MMP2-1306CC:MMP9-1562CT complex genotype is signifcantly higher in women who gave birth than in women who did not give birth. Complex genotypes differences between histological variants of uterine myoma were revealed. Conclusions. The results of the study show the signifcance of polymorphism effect of the regulatory regions of the MMP genes in the development and nature of the course of uterine myoma

Alcohol consumption, DNA methylation and colorectal cancer risk:Results from pooled cohort studies and Mendelian randomization analysis

Alcohol consumption is thought to be one of the modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the causality and mechanisms by which alcohol exerts its carcinogenic effect are unclear. We evaluated the association between alcohol consumption and CRC risk by analyzing data from 32 cohort studies and conducted two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to examine for casual relationship. To explore the effect of alcohol related DNA methylation on CRC risk, we performed an epigenetic MR analysis with data from an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS). We additionally performed gene-alcohol interaction analysis nested in the UK Biobank to assess effect modification between alcohol consumption and susceptibility genes. We discovered distinct effects of alcohol on CRC incidence and mortality from the meta-analyses, and genetic predisposition to alcohol drinking was causally associated with an increased CRC risk (OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.23-2.61) using two-sample MR approaches. In epigenetic MR analysis, two alcohol-related CpG sites (cg05593667 and cg10045354 mapped to COLCA1/COLCA2 gene) were identified causally associated with an increased CRC risk (P < 8.20 × 10-4 ). Gene-alcohol interaction analysis revealed that carriage of the risk allele of the eQTL (rs3087967) and mQTL (rs11213823) polymorphism of COLCA1/COLCA2 would interact with alcohol consumption to increase CRC risk (PInteraction  = .027 and PInteraction  = .016). Our study provides comprehensive evidence to elucidate the role of alcohol in CRC and highlights that the pathogenic effect of alcohol on CRC could be partly attributed to DNA methylation by regulating the expression of COLCA1/COLCA2 gene

Comparative evaluation of empagliflozin, canagliflozin and sitagliptin cardioprotective properties in rats with experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), therefore it is essential to give preference to a glucose-lowering drug having optimal cardioprotective properties. A comparative study of the various sodium-glucose co-transporter inhibitors representatives’ protective effects in experimental MI was not carried out within the framework of one study.Aim: To evaluate the influence of empagliflozin (EMPA) and canagliflozin (CANA), in comparison with sitagliptin (SITA), on hemodynamic parameters and myocardial damage area in rats with diabetes type 2 model in experimental MI.Materials and methods: Type 2 DM was modelled in Wistar rats by means of 4-week high-fat diet followed by nicotinamide 230 mg/kg and streptozotocin 60 mg/kg administration. 4 weeks after DM induction the following groups were made: «DM+SITA» — treatment with SITA 50 mg/kg, «DM+EMPA» — treatment with EMPA 2 mg/kg, «DM+CANA» — treatment with CANA 25 mg/kg per os once daily for 8 weeks. Animals in «DM» group remained untreated for the following 8 weeks. Rats in control group were fed with standard chow. 16 weeks after the experiment beginning transient global myocardial ischemia was modelled in all rats. Hemodynamic parameters and myocardium necrosis area were evaluated.Results: The necrosis area was larger in «DM» group, than in control one (p=0.018). Infarction size in «DM+SITA» did not differ from that in «DM» group (62.92(41.29;75.84) and 57.26(45.51;70.08)%, р=0.554). Necrosis area in «DM+EMPA» and «DM+CANA» groups was smaller than in «DM» group (37.90(20.76;54.66)%, 46.15(29.77;50.55) vs 57.26(45.51;70.08)%, р=0.008 and р=0.009, respectively). Necrosis size did not differ between «DM+EMPA» and «DM+CANA» groups (p=0.630). Ischemic contracture in «DM+CANA» group was less prominent than under the use of all other glucose-lowering drugs. We observed increase of coronary blood flow in «DM+EMPA» group, in comparison with «DM», «DM+CANA» and «DM+SITA» groups.Conclusions: SITA does not have cardioprotective effect in ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats. EMPA and CANA have similarly prominent infarct-limiting properties. EMPA is able to increase coronary blood flow, whereas cardioprotective action of CANA is associated with ischemic contracture diminishing