Magnetic parameters of control of stress-strained state carbon steels

The complex of magnetic and magnetoacoustic properties of cold and annealed at different temperatures steels with a carbon content of 0.2% (steel 20G) and 0.7% (steel 70G) has been researched. It was found that with increasing annealing temperature of these steels up to 700 0C monotonically increasing values associated with the intensity of irreversible processes of magnetization reversal. It is shown that the coercive force of 70G steel by varying the annealing changes nonmonotonically and can not be a parameter control. Among quasistatically measured magnetic parameters to control the annealing can be used residual induction and the induction of the coercive return. The structural sensitivity of such parameters of the magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) as amplitude, base frequency, maximum field of MAE has been researched. The amplitude and the maximum field MAE correlate with remanence substances investigated steels may be used for diagnostics.Исследован комплекс магнитных и магнитоакустических свойств холоднодеформированных и отожженных при различных температурах сталей с содержанием углерода 0,2 % (сталь 20Г) и 0,7 % (сталь 70Г). Установлено, что при увеличении температуры отжига этих сталей вплоть до 700 0С монотонно растут значения параметров, связанных с интенсивностью необратимых процессов перемагничивания. Показано, что коэрцитивная сила стали 70Г при вариации отжига меняется немонотонно и не может быть параметром контроля. Из числа квазистатически измеряемых магнитных параметров для контроля отжига могут быть использованы остаточная индукция и индукция коэрцитивного возврата. Исследована структурная чувствительность таких параметров магнитоакустической эмиссии (МАЭ), как амплитуда, основная частота, поле максимума МАЭ. Показано, что амплитуда и поле максимума МАЭ коррелируют с остаточной магнитной индукцией вещества исследованных сталей и могут быть использованы при диагностике.Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России по теме «Диагностика» № 01201463329

Peculiar Aspects of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2011

Outlined is the analysis of epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in the south of the Russian Federation in 2011. Discussed are the causes of nosocomial outbreak of CHF at the Salsk district central hospital, the Rostov Region. Prognostication on CHF situation for 2012 is made based on the epizootiological monitoring

Peculiarities of Epidemiological Situation on Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation at the Current stage

Objective. The analysis of epidemiological situation on Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) in the Russian Federation at the current stage, identification of ways to improve the epidemiological surveillance and prophylaxis of the disease. Materials and methods. Data from statistical documentation and results of annual epizootiological monitoring of the CHF natural focus provided by the Administrations of the Rospotrebnadzor, Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in entities of the Southern and the North-Caucasian Federal Districts, Reference Centre for CHF monitoring, Research Anti-Plague Institutions and Plague Control stations were used for work. Results and conclusions. The CHF epidemio­logical situation remains unstable, the cases of the disease (including fatal) are registered every year. High activity of the CHF natural focus persists. The northward expansion of CHF natural focus boundaries is observed. The main causes of the unfavorable CHF epidemiological situation are associated with increase in the numbers and period of activity of ticks Hyalomma marginatum due to favorable climatic conditions. The list of priority measures to stabilize the CHF epidemiological situation developed by the Rospotrebnadzor has resulted in decrease in CHF cases by 51.9 % in 2017 compared to 2016 across all the territory of the south of the Russian Federation. The CHF morbidity in 2018 was 1.5 times lower than the average multi-year values (72 CHF patients). The number of CHF cases in comparison to 2017 has decreased by 1.3 times in the Stavropol Territory and by 1.4 times in the Rostov Region. The CHF morbidity has increased in the Astrakhan Region (by 3 times) and Volgograd Region (by 2.3 times). Nosocomial CCHF virus infections cases associated with non-compliance to anti-epidemic regime in hospitals while providing treatment of CHF patients were registered in 2011 (in the Rostov Region) and in 2016 (in the Stavropol Territory). This highlights the need to improve the training of health-care staff for admission of patients with this particularly dangerous infection

Сравнительная эффективность тофацитиниба и адалимумаба у пациентов с псориатическим артритом в реальной клинической практике. Данные Общероссийского регистра пациентов с псориатическим артритом

Objective: to compare the clinical efficacy in real clinical practice of the targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (sDMARD) tofacitinib (TOFA) and the biologic DMARD (bDMARD), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), adalimumab (ADA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), included in the Russian nationwide register of patients with PsA.Patients and methods. The study included 77 patients with PsA (43 men and 34 women) who met the CASPAR criteria and were observed in the Russian nationwide register. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the treatment. Group 1, in which oral TOFA was prescribed, 5 mg 2 times a day, included 41 patients: 24 (58.5%) men and 17 (41.5%) women, the median age was 41 [34; 50] years, the median duration of PsA was 72 [35; 120] months. Group 2, in which subcutaneous ADA was used, 40 mg every 2 weeks, included 36 patients: 19 (52.8%) men and 17 (47.2%) women, the median age was 44 [34; 51] years, the median duration of PsA was 59 [22; 102] months. Combination therapy, including methotrexate (MT), received 80.5% of patients in the TOFA group and 52.8% of patients in the ADA group. At the beginning of the study and every 6 months further, the activity and efficacy of PsA therapy were assessed in all patients according to DAPSA and criteria for minimal disease activity – MDA (number of painful joints ≤1, number of swollen joints ≤1, PASI ≤1 or BSA ≤3 , pain score ≤15, patient's general assessment of disease activity ≤20 mm on a visual analogue scale, HAQ ≤0.5, enthesitis ≤1), dynamics of BASDAI and BSA were also assessed. The number of patients who achieved remission (DAPSA ≤4) or MDA (5 criteria out of 7) during therapy with TOFA and ADA was determined.Results and discussion. Before the start of the therapy in the 1st group, the median DAPSA was 44.2 [37.8; 55.3]: moderate PsA activity was in 5 (12.2%) patients, high in 36 (87.8%) patients. In group 2, the median DAPSA was 35.8 [21.1; 52]: low activity was detected in 3 (8.6%), moderate – in 11 (31.4%), high – in 21 (60%) patients (data from 35 patients was available). 6 months after the start of treatment in patients of the 1st and the 2nd group, there was a significant decrease in all indicators of PsA activity compared to the baseline. The median DAPSA was 11 [4.3; 17.3] and 9.1 [6; 19.6]; remissions according to DAPSA reached 11 (26.8%) and 6 (20.8%) patients, respectively, low activity – 15 (36.6%) and 13 (44.8%), MDA – 16 (40%) and 9 (30%). The number of patients with dactylitis in the 1st and in the 2nd group significantly decreased: from 22 (53.7%) to 5 (13.2%) and from 13 (36.1%) to 6 (20%), respectively. Median HAQ decreased from 1 [0.625; 1.5] to 0.5 [0; 0.875] and from 0.875 [0.5; 1.38] to 0.5 [0; 0.875]; median BASDAI – from 6 [4.2; 7] to 1.4 [0.6; 3.2] and from 4.4 [1.9; 5.8] to 3 [0.8; 4.5], respectively. In group 1, the number of patients with BSA> 3% decreased from 16 (39%) to 8 (26.7%; p<0.225), and in group 2, due to insufficient data (5 patients), we failed to evaluate BSA dynamics.Conclusion. In real clinical practice TOFA and ADA both had comparable efficacy on all clinical manifestations of PsA: after 6 months of therapy, most patients with PsA achieved MDA, low disease activity and remission according to DAPSA and BASDAI.Цель исследования – сравнение клинической эффективности таргетного синтетического базисного противовоспалительного препарата (тсБПВП) тофацитиниба (ТОФА) и генно-инженерного биологического препарата (ГИБП), ингибитора фактора некроза опухоли α (иФНОα) адалимумаба (АДА) у больных псориатическим артритом (ПсА) в реальной клинической практике по данным Общероссийского регистра пациентов с ПсА.Пациенты и методы. В исследование включено 77 больных ПсА (43 мужчины и 34 женщины), соответствовавших критериям CASPAR и наблюдавшихся в Общероссийском регистре. Пациенты были разделены на две группы в зависимости от проводимого лечения. В 1-ю группу, в которой назначали таблетированный ТОФА по 5 мг 2 раза в день, вошел 41 пациент: 24 (58,5%) мужчины и 17 (41,5%) женщин, медиана возраста – 41 [34; 50] год, медиана длительности ПсА – 72 [35; 120] мес. Ко 2-й группе, в которой использовали АДА по 40 мг/2 нед подкожно, отнесены 36 больных: 19 (52,8%) мужчин и 17 (47,2%) женщин, медиана возраста – 44 [34; 51] года, медиана длительности ПсА – 59 [22; 102] мес. Комбинированную терапию, включавшую метотрексат (МТ), получали 80,5% пациентов группы ТОФА и 52,8% пациента группы АДА. У всех пациентов в начале исследования и каждые 6 мес оценивали активность и эффективность терапии ПсА по DAPSA и критериям минимальной активности болезни – MAБ (число болезненных суставов ≤1, число припухших суставов ≤1, PASI ≤1 или BSA ≤3, оценка боли ≤15, общая оценка активности болезни больным ≤20 мм по визуальной аналоговой шкале, HAQ ≤0,5, энтези- ты ≤1), динамику BASDAI и BSA. Определяли число больных, достигших ремиссии (DAPSA ≤4) или МАБ (5 критериев из 7) на фоне терапии ТОФА и АДА.Результаты и обсуждение. До начала терапии в 1-й группе медиана DAPSA составляла 44,2 [37,8; 55,3]: умеренная активность ПсА была у 5 (12,2%), высокая – у 36 (87,8%) больных. Во 2-й группе медиана DAPSA равнялась 35,8 [21,1; 52]: низкая активность выявлена у 3 (8,6%), умеренная – у 11 (31,4%), высокая – у 21 (60%) больного (доступны данные 35 пациентов). Через 6 мес после начала лечения у пациентов 1-й и 2-й групп произошло значимое снижение всех показателей активности ПсА по сравнению с исходными. Мeдиана DAPSA составила соответственно 11 [4,3; 17,3] и 9,1 [6; 19,6]; ремиссии по DAPSA достигли соответственно 11 (26,8%) и 6 (20,8%) больных, низкой активности – 15 (36,6%) и 13 (44,8%), МАБ – 16 (40%) и 9 (30%). Число пациентов с дактилитом значимо уменьшилось: с 22 (53,7%) до 5 (13,2%) и с 13 (36,1%) до 6 (20%) соответственно в 1-й и 2-й группах. Мeдиана HAQ снизилась с 1 [0,625; 1,5] дo 0,5 [0; 0,875] и с 0,875 [0,5; 1,38] дo 0,5 [0; 0,875]; мeдиана BASDAI – с 6 [4,2; 7] дo 1,4 [0,6; 3,2] и с 4,4 [1,9; 5,8] дo 3 [0,8; 4,5] соответственно. В 1-й группе число пациентов с BSA >3% сократилось с 16 (39%) до 8 (26,7%; p<0,225), а во 2-й группе из-за недостаточного объема данных (5 пациентов) динамику BSA оценить не удалось.Заключение. Показана сопоставимая эффективность ТОФА и АДА в реальной клинической практике в отношении всех клинических проявлений ПсА: через 6 мес терапии у большинства пациентов с ПсА отмечено достижение МАБ, низкой активности болезни и ремиссии по DAPSA и BASDAI

Natural Focal Viral Fevers in the South of the European Part of Russia. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal syndrome

Objective of the study was to determine the modem epizootic and epidemic peculiarities of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the south of the European part of Russia. Materials and methods. Data of statistical documentation (epidemiological survey of the infectious disease focus, annual summary reports dated 2009-2018) and epizootic monitoring data submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations and the Centers of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the constituent entities of the Southern and the North Caucasian Federal Districts were used. Descriptive, analytical methods and retrospective epidemiological analysis were applied. Results and discussion. The circulation of hantavirus in the Volgograd and Astrakhan Regions, Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, Republics of Adygeya, Kalmykia and Crimea was confirmed. However, two geographically and genetically isolated groups of hantaviruses circulating in the Volgograd Region and in the mountain-foothill zone of the Krasnodar Territory and the Republic of Adygeya were the most epidemiologically significant. Over the period of 2009-2018, 152 HFRS cases with annual fluctuations from 4 to 25 cases were registered. Almost all patients lived in the Volgograd Region (44 cases), where the incidence is caused by the HFRS-Puumala virus, or in the Krasnodar Territory (98 cases), where the HFRS Hantavirus Dobrava-Ap circulates. In HFRS patients with the HFRS-Dobrava-Ap virus severe clinical forms were noted at twice the rate, a fatal outcome in one patient with HFRS-Puumala was recorded. The correct preliminary diagnosis was made for 56.3 per cent of patients in the Volgograd Region and only for 31.7 per cent of patients in the Krasnodar Territory and in the Republic of Adygeya. There are different types of natural HFRS foci in the European south of Russia, they vary by the type of hosts and hantaviruses circulating in them - Puumala, Dobrava, Tula, and Dobrava-Ap. Natural foci where of HFRS-PUU and HFRS-DOB-Ap viruses circulate have high epidemic potential. Severe forms of the HFRS are more often observed in patients with the HFRS-DOB-Ap virus

The Current State of the Vertebrate Animals Populations and their Role in the Persistence of Natural Zoonoses Foci in the Stavropol Territory

The aim of this study was to investigate the current state of vertebrates populations and to determine their role in maintaining natural foci of zoonoses in the Stavropol Territory in 2015–2019. Material and methods. Organ suspensions and blood samples from small mammals and birds were studied using certified diagnostic test-systems for the markers of Crimean hemorrhagic fever, West Nile fever, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, tularemia, and leptospirosis pathogens. The data were statistically processed using Wilson’s method. Results and discussion. Identified have been the main reservoirs of natural-focal infections in the Stavropol Territory at the present stage: birds – for the West Nile fever virus, mammals and birds inhabiting the areas of semi-desert landscape-geographical zone – for Crimean hemorrhagic fever agent. The main natural reservoir of orthohantaviruses in the Stavropol Territory is the common vole Microtus arvalis, which lives in all landscape-geographical zones. The circulation of tularemia and leptospirosis pathogens has been established throughout the whole territory of the region, the small wood mouse Sylvaemus uralensis is of the greatest epizootic significance. Findings indicate the need for further epizootiologic monitoring of Stavropol Territory in order to identify the biocenotic patterns of the pathogens’ existence and the reasons that determine the dynamics of the epizootic process and epidemic manifestations of natural foci. It is advisable to determine the sites of long-term monitoring over the number of carriers and vectors of natural-focal infections and strengthen the epizootiological control over the territory, especially during periods of seasonal activity in carriers and vectors of natural focal infections

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method Application in the Study of Comparative Pharmacokinetics of Insulin Glargin Preparations

Aims: adaptation and validation of the ELISA method insulin glargine determination for the pharmacokinetic study, practical approval in the biosimilars clinical trial.Materials and methods. Serum insulin glargine determination was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. All tests were run on a Personal LAB machine (Adaltis S.r.l., Rome, Italy) with test systems for measuring the concentration of insulin glargine (Invitron Ltd., United Kingdom); human insulin concentrations were measured in the samples from the study for correction of cross-reactivity. Clinical part of this study included 42 male patients aged 18–65 with diabetes mellitus type 1. This was a double-blind, randomized, crossover clamp study with wash-out period of 7–14 days. Comparisons drugs: Insulin Glargine (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (GEROPHARM, Russia) and Lantus® (glargine) solution for subcutaneous administration, 100 U/ml (Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Germany).Results. At the stage of the method adaptation the modification of original manufacturer’s method was performed; the full validation of modified analytical method for all parameters (selectivity, specificity, precision of calibration curves, intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy, carry-over, dilution integrity, stability of solutions, stability in biologic matrix, parallelism) in accordance with regulatory authorities requirements has been done. The primary endpoint for long-acting insulins – AUCins.0-τ was calculated. Insulin Glargine and Lantus® are equivalent based on AUCins.0-τ data (point estimation for ratio of geometric means was 99 %, the confidence intervals for the ratio of the geometric mean for AUCins.0-τ was 81.02–120.62 %, that correspond to acceptance range 80.00–125.00 %)

Epidemiological situation on Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in the Russian Federation in 2021

The review presents an analysis of the epidemiological and epizootiological situation on Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in the Russian Federation in 2021. 49 cases of CCHF were detected in 2021, which is 1.53 times higher than in 2020. The mortality rate was 6.1 %. Sporadic cases of CCHF were registered in the Stavropol Territory, Rostov, Volgograd Regions, the Republics of Dagestan and Kalmykia. The incidence rates of CCHF were below the long-term average annual values in the majority of the constituent entities. Epizootiological survey of stationary observation points has revealed that the number of Hyalomma marginatum imago corresponded to the average long-term indicators in 2021, the peak of H. marginatum activity was noted in the II–III decades of May. The proportion of Ixodidae tick pools positive for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus markers exceeded the long-term average indexes in a number of regions. On the territory of the natural focus of CCHF, the circulation of the CCHF virus of the genetic lineages “Europe-1” and “Europe-3” was detected in 2021. Based on the analysis of the epidemiological data of the previous year and natural and climatic factors affecting the abundance and vital activity of H. marginatum ticks, risk-based quantitative forecast for the incidence of CCHF in the Stavropol Territory for 2022 has been compiled

A Solution to the Problem of Phaseless Mapping for a High-Orbit Space-Ground Radio Interferometer

We consider the problem of mapping with ultra-high angular resolution using a space-ground radio interferometer with a space antenna in a high orbit,whose apogee height exceeds the radius of the Earth by a factor of ten. In this case, a multielement interferometer essentially degenerates into a two-element interferometer. The degeneracy of the close-phase relations prevents the use of standard methods for hybrid mapping and self-calibration for the correct reconstruction of images. We propose a new phaseless mapping method based on methods for the reconstruction of images in the complete absence of phase information, using only the amplitudes of the spatial-coherence function of the source. In connection with this problem, we propose a new method for the reliable solution of the phase problem, based on optimizing information-carrying nonlinear functionals, in particular, the Shannon entropy. Results of simulations of mapping radio sources with various structures with ultra-high angular resolution in the framework of the RADIOASTRON mission are presented.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure