Discretization of hyperbolic type Darboux integrable equations preserving integrability

A method of integrable discretization of the Liouville type nonlinear partial differential equations is suggested based on integrals. New examples of discrete Liouville type models are presented.Comment: 16 page

Effect of temperature anisotropy on various modes and instabilities for a magnetized non-relativistic bi-Maxwellian plasma

Using kinetic theory for homogeneous collisionless magnetized plasmas, we present an extended review of the plasma waves and instabilities and discuss the anisotropic response of generalized relativistic dielectric tensor and Onsager symmetry properties for arbitrary distribution functions. In general, we observe that for such plasmas only those electromagnetic modes whose magnetic field perturbations are perpendicular to the ambient magneticeld, i.e.,B1 \perp B0, are effected by the anisotropy. However, in oblique propagation all modes do show such anisotropic effects. Considering the non-relativistic bi-Maxwellian distribution and studying the relevant components of the general dielectric tensor under appropriate conditions, we derive the dispersion relations for various modes and instabilities. We show that only the electromagnetic R- and L- waves, those derived from them and the O-mode are affected by thermal anisotropies, since they satisfy the required condition B1\perpB0. By contrast, the perpendicularly propagating X-mode and the modes derived from it (the pure transverse X-mode and Bernstein mode) show no such effect. In general, we note that the thermal anisotropy modifies the parallel propagating modes via the parallel acoustic effect, while it modifies the perpendicular propagating modes via the Larmor-radius effect. In oblique propagation for kinetic Alfven waves, the thermal anisotropy affects the kinetic regime more than it affects the inertial regime. The generalized fast mode exhibits two distinct acoustic effects, one in the direction parallel to the ambient magnetic field and the other in the direction perpendicular to it. In the fast-mode instability, the magneto-sonic wave causes suppression of the firehose instability. We discuss all these propagation characteristics and present graphic illustrations

Heavy ion fusion science research for high energy density physics and fusion applications

During the past two years, the U.S. heavy ion fusion science program has made significant experimental and theoretical progress in simultaneous transverse and longitudinal beam compression, ion-beam-driven warm dense matter targets, high brightness beam transport, advanced theory and numerical simulations, and heavy ion target designs for fusion. First experiments combining radial and longitudinal compression of intense ion beams propagating through background plasma resulted in on-axis beam densities increased by 700X at the focal plane. With further improvements planned in 2007, these results will enable initial ion beam target experiments in warm dense matter to begin next year at LBNL. We are assessing how these new techniques apply to low-cost modular fusion drivers and higher-gain direct-drive targets for inertial fusion energy

The Role of Vacuum-Assisted Wound Closure Therapy after the Surgical Treatment of the Pilonodal Sinus

Aim. This study is aimed at improving the treatment of patients with the pilonidal sinus (PS) by open wound healing methods.Materials and methods. The study included 54 patients with PS. The main group consisted of 29 patients treated by an open (exposure) management technique and a subsequent vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy. The control group consisted of 25 patients treated with conventional ointment bandages.Results. On the 8th day of vacuum-assisted therapy (VAC-therapy), the areas of granulation tissue were identified in 23 (79.3 %) and 10 (40.0 %) (p = 0.041) cases in the main group and the control group, respectively. Following one month of treatment, complete wound healing was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with no patients in the control group showing signs of complete healing (p < 0.0001). Cytologically, starting from the 8th day of VAC-therapy, a decrease in inflammation was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with the wound regenerative processes being recorded on the 16th day in 17 (58.6 %) patients (p < 0.05). The average rate of wound healing in the main group was significantly higher and equal to 2.15 ± 0.15 cm2/day, compared to the value of 0.76 ±0.18 cm2/day in the control group.Conclusion. Vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy is an effective way to stimulate reparative processes during the open management of wounds after the surgical treatment of PS. Aim. This study is aimed at improving the treatment of patients with the pilonidal sinus (PS) by open wound healing methods.Materials and methods. The study included 54 patients with PS. The main group consisted of 29 patients treated by an open (exposure) management technique and a subsequent vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy. The control group consisted of 25 patients treated with conventional ointment bandages.Results. On the 8th day of vacuum-assisted therapy (VAC-therapy), the areas of granulation tissue were identified in 23 (79.3 %) and 10 (40.0 %) (p = 0.041) cases in the main group and the control group, respectively. Following one month of treatment, complete wound healing was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with no patients in the control group showing signs of complete healing (p < 0.0001). Cytologically, starting from the 8th day of VAC-therapy, a decrease in inflammation was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with the wound regenerative processes being recorded on the 16th day in 17 (58.6 %) patients (p < 0.05). The average rate of wound healing in the main group was significantly higher and equal to 2.15 ± 0.15 cm2/day, compared to the value of 0.76 ±0.18 cm2/day in the control group.Conclusion. Vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy is an effective way to stimulate reparative processes during the open management of wounds after the surgical treatment of PS

The Role of Vacuum-Assisted Wound Closure Therapy after the Surgical Treatment of the Pilonodal Sinus

Aim. This study is aimed at improving the treatment of patients with the pilonidal sinus (PS) by open wound healing methods.Materials and methods. The study included 54 patients with PS. The main group consisted of 29 patients treated by an open (exposure) management technique and a subsequent vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy. The control group consisted of 25 patients treated with conventional ointment bandages.Results. On the 8th day of vacuum-assisted therapy (VAC-therapy), the areas of granulation tissue were identified in 23 (79.3 %) and 10 (40.0 %) (p = 0.041) cases in the main group and the control group, respectively. Following one month of treatment, complete wound healing was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with no patients in the control group showing signs of complete healing (p < 0.0001). Cytologically, starting from the 8th day of VAC-therapy, a decrease in inflammation was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with the wound regenerative processes being recorded on the 16th day in 17 (58.6 %) patients (p < 0.05). The average rate of wound healing in the main group was significantly higher and equal to 2.15 ± 0.15 cm2/day, compared to the value of 0.76 ±0.18 cm2/day in the control group.Conclusion. Vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy is an effective way to stimulate reparative processes during the open management of wounds after the surgical treatment of PS. Aim. This study is aimed at improving the treatment of patients with the pilonidal sinus (PS) by open wound healing methods.Materials and methods. The study included 54 patients with PS. The main group consisted of 29 patients treated by an open (exposure) management technique and a subsequent vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy. The control group consisted of 25 patients treated with conventional ointment bandages.Results. On the 8th day of vacuum-assisted therapy (VAC-therapy), the areas of granulation tissue were identified in 23 (79.3 %) and 10 (40.0 %) (p = 0.041) cases in the main group and the control group, respectively. Following one month of treatment, complete wound healing was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with no patients in the control group showing signs of complete healing (p < 0.0001). Cytologically, starting from the 8th day of VAC-therapy, a decrease in inflammation was observed in 24 (82.8 %) patients in the main group, with the wound regenerative processes being recorded on the 16th day in 17 (58.6 %) patients (p < 0.05). The average rate of wound healing in the main group was significantly higher and equal to 2.15 ± 0.15 cm2/day, compared to the value of 0.76 ±0.18 cm2/day in the control group.Conclusion. Vacuum-assisted wound closure therapy is an effective way to stimulate reparative processes during the open management of wounds after the surgical treatment of PS