Influence of antibiotic therapy on indicators of endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation in acute SARS-CoV-2 lung damage

Background. Prescribing antibacterial drugs for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection at the outpatient stage is often unreasonable and can also lead to an aggravation of the patient’s condition due to the effect of this group of drugs on the intestinal microflora and lead to other undesirable effects.The aim: to assess the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with moderate viral SARS-CoV-2 lung disease on the background of antibiotic therapy.Materials and methods. 60 patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department with a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 in the age group 44–70 years old were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 26) – patients who did not receive antibacterial drugs at the outpatient stage, group 2 (n = 34) – patients who received antibiotic therapy. The control group was also selected (n = 20). Patients underwent a study of the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), ferritin and C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood.Results. In the group of patients with new coronavirus infection who were admitted to the inpatient stage of treatment and received antibacterial therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher levels of LBP – 37.3 [13.8; 50.4] µg/ml (p˂0.05) and ferritin – 276.00 [184.00; 463.00] µg/ml (p˂0.05) were revealed, compared with group 1 and the control group.Conclusions. In the group of patients who received antibiotic therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher level of LBP was revealed compared to the group in which this group of drugs was not used. These results indicate the possible impact of uncontrolled and early intake of antibacterial drugs on the gut microbiome and intestinal permeability, and also prove the need for a more responsible approach to the choice of starting therapy for new coronavirus infection

Cell-mediated and humoral immunity during COVID-19 in the Republic of Crimea

The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic has spurred the development of highly effective quantitative methods for assessing the adaptive immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) virus. In order to assess the humoral component of the immune response, various methods for detecting immunoglobulins A, M, G are widely used. ELISPOT seems to be the most accessible and effective method to assess the level of T cells that specifically respond to the SARS-CoV-2 virus antigens.The aim. To assess cell-mediated and humoral immunity in COVID-19 in residents of the Republic of Crimea.Methods. The study was performed on 24 volunteers: the presence of coronavirus antibodies was determined by ELISA method, and the presence of contact with coronavirus proteins – by the ELISPOT “TigraTest®  SARS-CoV-2” method (Generium, Russia). For retrospective study of  humoral immunity in the population, we assessed 10 000 ELISA tests (ECOlab IgM and IgG, Russia) performed in our laboratory for the period from July 2020 to January 2022.Results. The results show the effectiveness of using the ELISPOT method to detect latent forms of coronavirus infection. It is important to note that there is statistically significant relationship between the timing of the disease and the number of spots in  both antigen panels. After vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, cell-mediated immunity lasts up to 6 months or more.Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was found that during 2021, the level of  immunization of the population of the Republic of Crimea against COVID-19 has significantly increased; the proportion of residents who have positive IgG test has increased from 27 % to 87 %. The results of ELISPOT studies using a set of reagents for in vitro detection of blood T-lymphocytes that specifically respond to SARS-COV-2 virus antigens (“TigraTest® SARS-CoV-2”) showed that this method is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting latent diseases

Holographic Recording Media based on Electron Donor Oligomers

For optical holographic recording by photothermoplastic technique reversible holographic media based on oligomers with hole type of conductivity are used. New carbazole containing radial tetrasubstituted silanes and germanes are described in the present work

Концентрация липополисахарид-связывающего белка и пресепсина у пациентов с вирусным поражением легких SARS-CoV-2, проживающих в Республике Крым

Although more than 2 years have passed since the beginning of the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection, treatment and prediction of the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection remain pressing global problems. In this regard, the search for additional links in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is currently one of the most important tasks.The Aim. To assess the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and presepsin (sCD14-ST) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral lung disease in Crimea.Methods. We examined 121 patients with a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 in the age group of 45 – 75 years who were hospitalized in the Department of Infectious Diseases, State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Crimea “N.A.Semashko Republican Clinical Hospital”. Patients were divided into 3 clinical groups according to the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Group 1 – patients with moderate disease, Group 2 – patients with severe disease, and Group 3 – patients with fatal outcome. Peripheral blood levels of LBP, presepsin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein were determined upon admission to the infectious disease hospital.Results. A significant increase in all studied parameters was observed in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd clinical groups of patients with coronavirus infection. This finding corresponds to the state of lipopolysaccharide-binding systems and systemic infection in patients with SARS-CoV-2 viral lung disease. The highest levels of LBP, sCD14-ST, and ferritin were registered in the 3rd clinical group. We found a direct correlation between LBP and sCD14-ST levels in the 2nd group (r = 0.523, p < 0.05) and the 3rd group (r = 0.748, p < 0.05).Conclusion. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 lung disease were found to have an increased blood levels of LBP and presepsin upon admission. The highest values were observed in patients with fatal outcome. Severe SARSCoV-2 lung damage was associated with a direct correlation between levels of LBP and sCD14-ST. Presepsin, LBP, and ferritin are important prognostic markers for severe SARS-CoV-2 lung damage and risk of death in the early stages of hospital treatment.С начала пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции (НКИ) прошло уже > 2 лет, однако лечение и прогнозирование течения инфекции SARS-CoV-2 до сих пор является актуальной глобальной проблемой. В связи с этим в настоящее время одной из важнейших задач является поиск дополнительных звеньев патогенеза SARS-CoV-2.Целью исследования явился анализ уровня липополисахарид-связывающего белка (ЛСБ) и пресепсина (sCD14-ST) у пациентов с поражением легких вирусом SARS-CoV-2 различной степени тяжести, проживающих в Республике Крым. Материалы и методы. Обследованы госпитализированные в инфекционное отделение Государственного бюджетного учреждения здравоохранения Республики Крым «Республиканская клиническая больница имени Н.А.Семашко» больные (n = 121; возраст – 45–75 лет), у которых получен положительный результат теста на инфицирование SARS-CoV-2, проведенного методом полимеразной цепной реакции. По степени тяжести течения заболевания пациенты были распределены в 3 клинические группы (1-я – средней тяжести, 2-я – тяжелое, 3-я – лица, у которых в дальнейшем был зарегистрирован летальный исход). На момент поступления в стационар у больных проводилось исследование уровней ЛСБ, пресепсина, ферритина и С-реактивного белка в периферической крови. Результаты. У поступивших на стационарный этап лечения больных НКИ с поражением легких вирусом SARS-CoV-2 выявлено достоверное повышение всех изучаемых параметров, что отражает состояние липополисахарид-связывающих систем и системного воспаления. Наивысшие показатели ЛСБ, пресепсина и ферритина зарегистрированы у умерших (3-я группа). Установлено наличие прямой корреляционной связи между уровнями ЛСБ и sCD14-ST во 2-й (r = 0,523; p < 0,05) и 3-й (r = 0,748; p < 0,05) группах. Заключение. У больных с поражением легких SARS-CoV-2 при поступлении в стационар выявлено значительное повышение концентрации в крови ЛСБ и пресепсина, наибольший уровень отмечен у умерших. При тяжелом течении поражения легких вирусом SARSCoV-2 установлено наличие прямой корреляционной связи между уровнями ЛСБ и sCD14-ST. Таким образом, пресепсин, ЛСБ и ферритин являются важными прогностическими маркерами тяжелого течения поражения легких при инфицировании SARS-CoV-2 и риска летального исхода на ранних этапах госпитального лечения