Limit theorems for random point measures generated by cooperative sequential adsorption

We consider a finite sequence of random points in a finite domain of a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The points are sequentially allocated in the domain according to a model of cooperative sequential adsorption. The main peculiarity of the model is that the probability distribution of a point depends on previously allocated points. We assume that the dependence vanishes as the concentration of points tends to infinity. Under this assumption the law of large numbers, the central limit theorem and Poisson approximation are proved for the generated sequence of random point measures.Comment: 17 page

ESOPHAGEAL INJURY CAUSED BY THE SPINE DEFORMITY CORRECTION USING VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF SPINAL FIXATION

Objectives - to improve the surgical treatment results in patients with injuries of the esophagus after the elimination of deformation of a vertebral column with metal devices. Material and methods. From 2001 to 2018 we treated 17 patients with esophageal injury appeared as a result of cervical vertebras fixation with metal devices - in 12 patients to correct their instability due to the traumatic compression fractures and in 5 patients having the herniated discs with the spinal channel compression. 12 patients underwent the urgent operation, 5 patients - the delayed or planned one. Three mechanisms of esophageal injury were defined: 5 patients had the first type of injury, 8 - the second type, 4 - the third type. The patients were operated on after the diagnosis confirmation. The operation was aimed at the removal of the metal device from the collum and the closure of the esophagus wall defect. Tactics of treatment of the esophageal injuries depended on the alterations in its paries, the size of the defect, the nature of the trauma and the mediastinitis prevalence. In 8 patients the primary suture of the esophagus was applied. In 9 patients with decubituses of the esophagus and the large size of the defect we applied the partial suturing of the defect and the transesophageal drainage of the fistula and mediastinum, strengthening the injured zone with a muscle on the pedicle. Results. First intention healing was achieved in 5 patients of the 8 ones who underwent the esophagus wall suturing without a fistula transesophageal drainage. The partial suture incompetence occurred in 3 cases and it required the transesophageal drainage through the defect in the esophagus wall. The external tubular esophageal fistula formed in 12 patients. After the drainage removal the fistula closed in 10 cases. One of the 17 patients died of the multiple organ failure and sepsis. Conclusion. Injuries of the esophagus caused by the metal devices fixing the unstable vertebras have the clinical features depending on the installation time. The suturing of the esophageal defect and the suture strengthening m. sternocleidomastoideus on the pedicle supplemented by a through lumenal transesophageal drainage have advantage in comparison with the esophageal wall suturing without drainage

Invertebrates of Siberia, a potential source of animal protein for innovative food production. 1. The keelback slugs (Gastropoda: Limacidae)

The use of terrestrial invertebrates occurring in Siberia as a source of nutrients is an innovative form of new quality food production in North Asia. The species available for this production should be qualified by necessary criteria; for example, they should be common in the region and easily obtainable, free from restriction or prohibition as rare or protected species, adapted to regional environmental conditions, and their bodies should be free from toxins and allergens. They should also be unpretentious in terms of housing, consumption of cheap and suitable feed which provides a satisfactory increase in biomass and contains necessary nutrients in the required ratio. Several local species of terrestrial molluscs and insects fit these criteria and have been were selected as model species, such as the yellow slug Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758) which has been studied in detail. Individuals of this slug were collected from a subterranean vegetable store in the city of Novosibirsk, and reared for 5 months under laboratory conditions with different lighting, humidity and temperature. Standard vegetables for winter storage, carrot, cabbage and potato (the preferred ingredient), were provided to the slugs. The most effective factors for the development of body weight and size of the slugs were registered in the dark under moderate humidity and temperature. Average weight and length of slugs at the beginning of the experiment in March 2022 were 0.62 gram and 3.42 mm, and at the end of the experiment in August 2022 were 3.67 gram and 5.76 mm (respectively x 5.9 and x 1.7). Therefore, basement and underground cold premises lacking constant lighting and provided with potato waste as a feeding substrate appear to be optimal for raising and rearing this slug species; naturally this would be of particular interest for food production in regions with cold climate conditions

Biochemical and technological properties of moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) recombinant chymosin

Recombinant chymosins (rСhns) of the cow and the camel are currently considered as standard milk coagulants for cheese-making. The search for a new type of milk-clotting enzymes that may exist in nature and can surpass the existing “cheese-making” standards is an urgent biotechnological task. Within this study, we for the first time constructed an expression vector allowing production of a recombinant analog of moose chymosin in the expression system of Escherichia coli (strain SHuffle express). We built a model of the spatial structure of moose chymosin and compared the topography of positive and negative surface charges with the correspondent structures of cow and camel chymosins. We found that the distribution of charges on the surface of moose chymosin has common features with that of cow and camel chymosins. However, the moose enzyme carries a unique positively charged patch, which is likely to affect its interaction with the substrate. Biochemical and technological properties of the moose rChn were studied. Commercial rСhns of cow and camel were used as comparison enzymes. In some technological parameters, the moose rChn proved to be superior to the reference enzymes. Сompared with the cow and camel rСhns, the moose chymosin specific activity is less dependent on the changes in CaCl2 concentration in the range of 1–5 mM and pH in the range of 6–7, which is an attractive technological property. The total proteolytic activity of the moose rСhn occupies an intermediate position between the rСhns of cow and camel. The combination of biochemical and technological properties of the moose rСhn argues for further study of this enzyme

РАЗРАБОТКА И ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ НЕЙРОПОРТА ДЛЯ ТЕРАПИИ ГЛИОМЫ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА

Current paper presents the results of the system development for intracranial implantation aimed on therapy and prevention of brain gliomas relapse. The main property of the system, in prospective,  will be to direct the growth of glioma cells localized in the region  adjacent to the site of the removed tumor along the fi bers towards  the proximal part of the fiber-optic scaffold (neuroport). Such  approach will allow carrying out cells diagnostics by the  photoluminescence signal and provide subsequent destruction of  malignant cells by photodynamic action. Besides, this system could  be used for monitoring the processes occurring in the probed area in order to control the possible relapses. The localization of cells along  the fi ber structures covered with gelatin compound, which is the  source of amino acids during cultivation, was shown during the glioma cells growth dynamics study. Moreover, four different designs of intracranial scaffold models, serving as ports for diagnostic and therapeutic laser radiation delivery, were developed and  successfully tested in the framework of the research. The results  obtained on the rats brain with induced tumors (glioma C6) after  neuroport implantation demonstrate sufficiently intense fluorescence in the tumor bed after intravenous injection of the  nonmetallic sulfonated phthalocyanine based photosensitizer, and a  pronounced photodynamic effect leading to total destruction of the  tumor. In this way, the results of this study open the prospects of creating the neuroport with an internal fi ber structure that focuses the glioma cells growth.В работе представлены результаты разработки системы для внутричерепной имплантации с целью терапии и предотвращения рецидивирования глиом головного. Основное свойство  системы в перспективе будет состоять в том, чтобы направить рост клеток глиомы,  локализованных в области, прилегающей к месту удаленной опухоли, вдоль волокон по  направлению к проксимальной части волоконно-оптического имплантата (нейропорт) с  целью их регистрации по сигналу фотолюминесценции и последующей их деструкции в  результате фотодинамического воздействия. Такое устройство должно обеспечить  мониторинг процессов, происходящих в зондируемой области с целью контроля процессов  рецидивирования. В ходе данного исследования динамики роста клеток глиомы показана  локализация клеток вдоль волоконных структур, покрытых желатином, который является  источником аминокислот при культивировании. Также в ходе работы были разработаны и  успешно апробированы четыре различных конструкции макетов внутричерепных  имплантатов, выполняющие роль портов для доставки диагностического и терапевтического лазерного излучения. Получены на головном мозге крыс с индуцированными опухолями  (глиома С6) после имплантации нейропорта, демонстрирующие достаточно интенсивную  флуоресценцию в ложе опухоли при внутривенном введении фотосенсибилизатора на  основе безметального сульфированного фталоцианина и выраженный фотодинамический  эффект, приведший к тотальному разрушению опухоли. Полученные результаты открывают  перспективы создания нейропорта с внутренней волоконной структурой, фокусирующей рост клеток глиомы

Star Formation and Dynamics in the Galactic Centre

The centre of our Galaxy is one of the most studied and yet enigmatic places in the Universe. At a distance of about 8 kpc from our Sun, the Galactic centre (GC) is the ideal environment to study the extreme processes that take place in the vicinity of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Despite the hostile environment, several tens of early-type stars populate the central parsec of our Galaxy. A fraction of them lie in a thin ring with mild eccentricity and inner radius ~0.04 pc, while the S-stars, i.e. the ~30 stars closest to the SMBH (<0.04 pc), have randomly oriented and highly eccentric orbits. The formation of such early-type stars has been a puzzle for a long time: molecular clouds should be tidally disrupted by the SMBH before they can fragment into stars. We review the main scenarios proposed to explain the formation and the dynamical evolution of the early-type stars in the GC. In particular, we discuss the most popular in situ scenarios (accretion disc fragmentation and molecular cloud disruption) and migration scenarios (star cluster inspiral and Hills mechanism). We focus on the most pressing challenges that must be faced to shed light on the process of star formation in the vicinity of a SMBH.Comment: 68 pages, 35 figures; invited review chapter, to be published in expanded form in Haardt, F., Gorini, V., Moschella, U. and Treves, A., 'Astrophysical Black Holes'. Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer 201

Антитела к рецептор-связывающему домену спайкового белка SARS-COV-2: связь с возрастом, пневмонией, длительностью периода после COVID-19

Despite the rapid accumulation of facts about the humoral immune response in COVID-19, there are still no evidencebased answers to questions about the factors influencing the level and duration of the detection period of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in the blood.Objective: To assess the prevalence, clinical and demographic associations of IgG antibodies to RBD of the SARSCoV-2 spike protein at different times after COVID-19.Materials and methods. Residents of the Altai region of Russia, Caucasians aged 20-93 years, who had COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021 (n = 314), took part in a onetime observational study. The level of antibodies in the blood was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 1-14 months after the onset of the clinical manifestation of COVID-19.Results. Anti-RBD IgG antibodies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were detected in 86.9% of the study participants. The dependence of the antibody titer on the duration of the period after COVID-19 was not revealed. The antibody titer was positively correlated with the complication of COVID-19 pneumonia and the volume of lung tissue lesions. The presence of pneumonia COVID-19 and the volume of lung tissue lesions are positively associated with age. Age positively correlated with antibody titer regardless of the pneumonia COVID-19 in the anamnesis.Conclusion. IgG antibodies to RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein are present in most of the COVID-19 patients. The titer of these antibodies in adults depends on age, complications of pneumonia COVID-19, and probably persists up to 14 months after the first symptoms of infection appear.Несмотря на быстрое накопление фактов о гуморальном иммунном ответе при COVID-19, пока нет доказательных ответов на вопросы о факторах, влияющих на уровень и длительность периода обнаружения антител к SARS-CoV-2 в крови.Цель: оценить распространенность наличия, клинические и демографические ассоциации антител IgG к RBD спайкового белка SARS-CoV-2 в разные сроки после COVID-19.Материалы и методы. В одномоментном обсервационном исследовании приняли участие жители Алтайского края России, европеоиды, в возрасте от 20 до 93 лет, переболевшие COVID-19 в период с мая 2020 г. по февраль 2021 г. (n=314). Уровень антител в крови измеряли через 1–14 месяцев от начала клинической манифестации COVID-19 методом иммуноферментного анализа.Результаты. Антитела IgG к RBD спайкового белка SARS-CoV-2 обнаружены у 86,9% участников исследования. Не выявлено зависимости титра антител от давности COVID-19. Титр антител положительно коррелировал с осложнением пневмонией COVID-19 и объемом поражений легочной ткани. Наличие пневмонии COVID-19 и объем поражений легочной ткани положительно связаны с возрастом. Возраст положительно коррелировал с титром антител независимо от наличия пневмонии COVID-19 в анамнезе.Заключение. Антитела IgG к RBD спайкового белка SARS-CoV-2 имеются у большей части переболевших COVID-19. Титр этих антител у взрослых зависит от возраста, осложнения пневмонией COVID-19 и может сохраняться до 14 месяцев после появления первых симптомов инфекции

ДВА ЭТАПА КАЙНОЗОЙСКОГО ЩЕЛОЧНО-БАЗАЛЬТОВОГО ВУЛКАНИЗМА ДАРХАТСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫ (СЕВЕРНАЯ МОНГОЛИЯ) – ГЕОХРОНОЛОГИЯ, ГЕОХИМИЯ И ГЕОДИНАМИЧЕСКИЕ СЛЕДСТВИЯ

The isotopic data showed that there are two stages distinguished in the Cenozoic history of the Darkhad depression volcanic activity, the Late Oligocene initial stage (~28.0–26.6 Ma) and the final Late Miocene – Early Pliocene stage (~5.8–4.2 Ma). It has been stated that the rocks of the initial stage are only represented by trachybasalts; however, among the final-stage basaltoids there are series of shield-volcano hawaite-basanite-phonotephrite rocks and compex trachybasaltic "valley" lava flows, the formation of which is the last stage in the territorial volcanic evolution. It has been shown that the initial-stage trachybasaltic andesites are characterized by their enrichment of TiO2, P2O5, Sr, Zn, Ga and low concentrations of Al2O3, MnO, CaO, Sc and HREE (La/Yb=27.2–30.2). Basaltoids of the final stage have a similar rare-element distribution and show an increase in the contents of TiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, LILE, HFSE, Th, U and in the degree of fractionation of REE (La/Yb from 12.2 to 20.9) towards the rocks alkalinity enhancement. Modeling of eclogite, pyroxenite and peridotite melting processes in the La/Yb – Sm/Yb system shows that trachybasaltic andesite melts could be formed at ~7–8 % melting of eclogitic matter or at ~10–11 % melting of Grt-containing pyroxenites, with trachybasalt formed at ~3 % melting of Grt-containing peridotites. The composition distribution of rocks in coordinates (Mg# – Fe/Mn) indicates that the parental magmas are the initial-stage trachybasaltic andesite magmas as well as the Early Pliocene trachybasaltic "valley" lava flows. Sr, Nd, Pb isotope characteristics of the Darkhad depression basaltoids show significant shift of isotopic ratios in time towards the relatively enriched mantle as compared with the depleted MORB mantle. The initial formation of trachybasaltic andesite melts occurred in the Late Oligicene at the pre-rift stage of the territory development involving metasomatized mantle matter, with the pyroxenite or eclogite component contained in the magma formation source. The origin of trachybasalt magmas of the final stage is associated with the processes of decompression melting of peridotites in a weakly metasomatized lithospheric mantle at the rift stage of the Darkhad structure development.На основе данных изотопного датирования в кайнозойской истории вулканической активности Дархатской впадины Северной Монголии выделены два этапа – инициальный позднеолигоценовый этап (~28.0–26.6 млн лет) и заключительный позднемиоцен-раннеплиоценовый этап (~5.8–4.2 млн лет). Установлено, что породы раннего инициального этапа представлены исключительно трахиандезибазальтами, а среди базальтоидов заключительного этапа выделяется гавайит-базанит-фонотефритовая серия пород щитовых вулканических построек и комплекс трахибазальтов «долинных» лавовых толщ, формирование которых завершает вулканическое развитие территории. Показано, что для трахиандезибазальтов инициального этапа характерными являются их относительное обогащение TiO2, P2O5, Sr, Zn, Ga и низкие концентрации Al2O3, MnO, CaO, Sc и HREE (La/Yb=27.2–30.2). Базальтоиды заключительного этапа демонстрируют рост содержаний TiO2, Al2O3, P2O5, LILE, HFSE, Th, U и увеличение степени фракционирования REE (La/Yb от 12.2 до 20.9) в направлении увеличения щелочности пород. Моделирование процессов плавления эклогитов, пироксенитов и перидотитов в системе La/Yb – Sm/Yb показывает, что трахиандезибазальтовые расплавы могли быть сформированы при ~7–8%-ном плавлении эклогитового вещества или ~10–11%-ном – Grt-содержащих пироксенитов, а трахибазальтовые расплавы образуются при ~2–3%-ном плавлении Grt-содержащих перидотитов. Распределение составов пород в координатах Mg# – Fe/Mn указывает на то, что к исходным магмам относятся трахиандезибазальты инициального этапа и раннеплиоценовые трахибазальты «долинных» лавовых толщ. Изотопные характеристики Sr, Nd и Pb базальтоидов Дархатской впадины демонстрируют значимое смещение значений изотопных отношений во времени в направлении от относительно обогащенной мантии к деплетированной мантии MORB типа. Формирование трахиандезибазальтовых расплавов на инициальном этапе происходило в позднем олигоцене на предрифтовой стадии развития территории с вовлечением в область магмообразования вещества метасоматизированной мантии с участием пироксенитового или эклогитового компонента. Происхождение позднемиоцен-раннеплиоценовых щелочно-базальтовых магм заключительного этапа связано с процессами декомпрессионного плавления перидотитов слабометасоматизированной литосферной мантии на рифтогенной стадии развития Дархатской структуры