Thermodynamic Approaches in Assessing Quality, Efficiency and Environmental Friendliness of Asphalt Concrete

The experience of developed countries shows that the development of the road network and transport infrastructure determines the intensity of economic ties and is one of the most important conditions for the development of the state’s economy. Optimization of the composition and production technology of asphalt concrete mixture – the basis of paved roads, is of great importance, both from an economic and environmental point of view. The production of asphalt concrete mixture directly (during the production process at asphalt concrete plants) and indirectly (during delivery from the plant to the place of installation) determines the energy costs for the production of asphalt concrete. At asphalt-concrete plants the specific energy consumption per ton of hot asphalt concrete mixture varies from 0.3 to 0.7 GJ. The range in energy costs is large. This situation indicates the presence of a significant energy-saving potential of asphalt concrete mixture thermal technology. The exergy analysis of technical systems proposed in this paper, which are operated in the asphalt concrete mixture production processes, makes it possible to judge the efficiency of energy use in their thermal units. This approach is expedient not only in the primary production of asphalt concrete mixture, but also for more environmentally friendly, energy- and resourcesaving production processes for the operation of equipment during the regeneration of road asphalt concrete

Ресайклинг материалов дорожных одежд: аналитический обзор

The paper presents an analytical review of materials recycling for pavement dressing. Recycling or repeated usage of pavement dressing materials while making reconstruction and repair of road pavements is not considered as a new conception and it has been realized in various countries of the world since 20th century. Recycling (hot, cold) is based on methods of its execution, properties of pavement dressing materials which are subjected to processing and which influence on the quality of final material, technical and operational indices, specific economic efficiency. Investigations on the processes of structure formation, thermo-physical properties in components based on granulates of transformed pavement dressings during recycling demonstrate that regeneration makes it possible to attain 100 % recovery of material properties for road pavement base. The paper describes other factors which represent a complex of challenges concerning exterior and internal problems. These problems have arisen due to actual processes of heat and mass transfer in one layer, multi-layer systems of pavement dressings. At known coefficients of heat conductivity, steam- and mass permeability, diffusion, filtration, temperature conductivity, density of material layers etc. initial and boundary conditions it is possible to carry out optimization of heat- and mass transfer problems from bottom surface of road layer to its base (sand, bulk materials, ground). In addition to it, while taking into account development of scientific prospective direction that concerns nano-technology and creation of nano-materials for higher reliability of road dressings it is necessary to consider nanomaterial science in road-construction industry as the most actual one because when we study problems pertaining to fractional composition of all road dressing components including transfer to nanomaterials, for example, application of modified water-reducing agent based on nanostructured carbon it is possible significantly to increase physical and technological properties of asphalt concrete and concrete road dressings. The paper reveals that it is necessary to continue and expand study of physical and technical and thermophysical properties of new materials on the basis of nano-technologies with application of modified, nanostructured carbon-based plasticizer for construction-road industry because especially these additives significantly increase cement activity that leads to improvement of strength, reliability and longevity for the obtained materials.Рассмотрен анализ ресайклинга материалов дорожных одежд. Переработка или многократное использование материалов одежд при реконструкции и ремонте дорожных покрытий не является новой концепцией и реализуется в разных странах мира с начала ХХ в. Ресайклинг (горячий, холодный) основан на способах его реализации, свойствах материалов дорожных одежд, подлежащих переработке, от которых зависят качество конечного материала, технико-эксплуатационные показатели, удельная экономическая эффективность. Исследования процессов структурообразования, теплофизических свойств компонентов на основе гранулятов трансформируемых дорожных покрытий в процессе ресайклинга показывают, что при регенерации добиваются полного восстановления свойств материалов для устройства оснований дорожных покрытий. В статье описываются другие факторы, которые представляют комплексы вопросов, относящиеся к «внешней» и «внутренней» задачам. Эти задачи обусловлены реальными процессами тепло- и массопереноса в одно- и многослойных системах дорожных одеждах. При известных коэффициентах теплопроводности, паро- и массопроницаемости, диффузии, фильтрации, температуропроводности, плотности материалов слоев и т.д., начальных и граничных условиях возможна оптимизация проблем теплои массопереноса от «нижней» поверхности слоя дороги к ее основанию (песок, сыпучие материалы, грунты). Кроме того, с учетом развития научно-перспективного направления, связанного с разработкой нанотехнологий и созданием наноматериалов для повышения надежности дорожных одежд, необходимо рассматривать наноматериаловедение в строительно-дорожной отрасли как наиболее актуальное, так как, изучая вопросы фракционного состава всех компонентов, составляющих дорожную одежду, включая переход к наноматериалам, например применение модифицированной пластифицирующей добавки на основе наноструктурированного углерода, можно значительно повысить физико-технологические и теплофизические свойства асфальтобетонных и бетонных цементных дорожных одежд. В статье показано, что необходимо продолжить и расширить изучение физико-технических и теплофизических свойств новых материалов на основе нанотехнологий с применением модифицируемой, пластифицирующей добавки на основе наноструктурированного углерода для строительно-дорожной отрасли, так как именно эти добавки значительно увеличивают активность цемента, что приводит к повышению прочности, надежности и долговечности полученных материалов

Термодинамические подходы при оценке качества, эффективности и экологичности асфальтобетона

The experience of developed countries shows that the development of the road network and transport infrastructure determines the intensity of economic ties and is one of the most important conditions for the development of the state’s economy. Optimization of the composition and production technology of asphalt concrete mixture – the basis of paved roads, is of great importance, both from an economic and environmental point of view. The production of asphalt concrete mixture directly (during the production process at asphalt concrete plants) and indirectly (during delivery from the plant to the place of installation) determines the energy costs for the production of asphalt concrete. At asphalt-concrete plants the specific energy consumption per ton of hot asphalt concrete mixture varies from 0.3 to 0.7 GJ. The range in energy costs is large. This situation indicates the presence of a significant energy-saving potential of asphalt concrete mixture thermal technology. The exergy analysis of technical systems proposed in this paper, which are operated in the asphalt concrete mixture production processes, makes it possible to judge the efficiency of energy use in their thermal units. This approach is expedient not only in the primary production of asphalt concrete mixture, but also for more environmentally friendly, energy- and resource-saving production processes for the operation of equipment during the regeneration of road asphalt concrete.Опыт передовых стран показывает, что состояние дорожной сети и транспортной инфраструктуры определяет интенсивность экономических связей и является одним из важнейших условий развития экономики государства. Оптимизация состава и технологии производства асфальтобетонной смеси – основы дорог с твердым покрытием имеет большое значение как с экономической, так и с экологической точки зрения. Затраты энергии на создание асфальтобетона включают непосредственные (получение смеси на асфальтобетонных заводах) и косвенные (доставка с завода на место укладки) затраты. На асфальтобетонных заводах удельные затраты энергии на тонну горячей асфальтобетонной смеси изменяются от 0,3 до 0,7 ГДж, т. е. в широком диапазоне. Данная ситуация указывает на наличие значительного энергосберегающего потенциала теплотехнологии производства асфальтобетонной смеси. В статье предложен эксергетический анализ технических систем, эксплуатируемых в процессах производства асфальтобетонной смеси, который позволяет судить об эффективности использования энергии в их тепловых агрегатах. Данный подход целесообразен не только в первичном производстве асфальтобетонной смеси, но и в экологически более чистых, энерго- и ресурсосберегающих производственных процессах, например в работе оборудования при регенерации дорожных асфальтобетонных покрытий.

Научно-методологические аспекты управления формированием и развитием инновационной среды «Университета 3.0»

The article analyzes the best practices of the Belarusian National Technical University on the development of an innovation environment by the example of establishing high-tech medical production. The system-forming elements, factors and mechanism for the improvement of the innovation environment of a higher education institution operating on the «University 3.0» model base are highlighted. The missions, functions, promising technologies and formats for the implementation of educational, research and entrepreneurial activities as subsystems of the internal innovation environment of a higher education institution and directions of interaction with the external innovation environment subsystems (government regulation, financing facility and the market) are considered. The article based on a systematic approach shows the specificity of the effective innovation environment which is manifested in synergy of its elements interaction. The mechanism ensuring functional coordination between all the «University 3.0» activities and the external environment subjects in order to achieve a common mission have been proposedВ статье проанализирован опыт Белорусского национального технического университета (БНТУ) по формированию и развитию инновационной среды на примере создания высокотехнологичного производства изделий медицинского назначения. Выделены системообразующие элементы, факторы и механизмы развития инновационной среды учреждения высшего образования, функционирующего на основе модели «Университет 3.0». Рассмотрены миссии, функции, перспективные технологии и форматы реализации образовательной, научно-исследовательской и предпринимательской деятельности как подсистем внутренней инновационной среды учреждения высшего образования, а также направления взаимодействия с подсистемами внешней инновационной среды – государственного регулирования, финансирования, рынка. На основе системного подхода показана специфика эффективной инновационной среды, которая проявляется в синергии от взаимодействия ее элементов. Предложен механизм, обеспечивающий функциональную скоординированность между всеми видами деятельности «Университета 3.0» и субъектами внешней среды для достижения единой миссии

Recycling of Materials for Pavement Dressing: Analytical Review

The paper presents an analytical review of materials recycling for pavement dressing. Recycling or repeated usage of pavement dressing materials while making reconstruction and repair of road pavements is not considered as a new conception and it has been realized in various countries of the world since 20th century. Recycling (hot, cold) is based on methods of its execution, properties of pavement dressing materials which are subjected to processing and which influence on the quality of final material, technical and operational indices, specific economic efficiency. Investigations on the processes of structure formation, thermo-physical properties in components based on granulates of transformed pavement dressings during recycling demonstrate that regeneration makes it possible to attain 100 % recovery of material properties for road pavement base. The paper describes other factors which represent a complex of challenges concerning exterior and internal problems. These problems have arisen due to actual processes of heat and mass transfer in one layer, multi-layer systems of pavement dressings. At known coefficients of heat conductivity, steam- and mass permeability, diffusion, filtration, temperature conductivity, density of material layers etc. initial and boundary conditions it is possible to carry out optimization of heat- and mass transfer problems from bottom surface of road layer to its base (sand, bulk materials, ground). In addition to it, while taking into account development of scientific prospective direction that concerns nano-technology and creation of nano-materials for higher reliability of road dressings it is necessary to consider nanomaterial science in road-construction industry as the most actual one because when we study problems pertaining to fractional composition of all road dressing components including transfer to nanomaterials, for example, application of modified water-reducing agent based on nanostructured carbon it is possible significantly to increase physical and technological properties of asphalt concrete and concrete road dressings. The paper reveals that it is necessary to continue and expand study of physical and technical and thermophysical properties of new materials on the basis of nano-technologies with application of modified, nanostructured carbon-based plasticizer for construction-road industry because especially these additives significantly increase cement activity that leads to improvement of strength, reliability and longevity for the obtained materials

Ресайклинг материалов дорожных одежд: аналитический обзор

The paper presents an analytical review of materials recycling for pavement dressing. Recycling or repeated usage of pavement dressing materials while making reconstruction and repair of road pavements is not considered as a new conception and it has been realized in various countries of the world since 20th century. Recycling (hot, cold) is based on methods of its execution, properties of pavement dressing materials which are subjected to processing and which influence on the quality of final material, technical and operational indices, specific economic efficiency. Investigations on the processes of structure formation, thermo-physical properties in components based on granulates of transformed pavement dressings during recycling demonstrate that regeneration makes it possible to attain 100 % recovery of material properties for road pavement base. The paper describes other factors which represent a complex of challenges concerning exterior and internal problems. These problems have arisen due to actual processes of heat and mass transfer in one layer, multilayer systems of pavement dressings. At known coefficients of heat conductivity, steam- and mass permeability, diffusion, filtration, temperature conductivity, density of material layers etc. initial and boundary conditions it is possible to carry out optimization of heat- and mass transfer problems from bottom surface of road layer to its base (sand, bulk materials, ground). In addition to it, while taking into account development of scientific prospective direction that concerns nanotechnology and creation of nanomaterials for higher reliability of road dressings it is necessary to consider nanomaterial science in road-construction industry as the most actual one because when we study problems pertaining to fractional composition of all road dressing components including transfer to nanomaterials, for example, application of modified water-reducing agent based on nanostructured carbon it is possible significantly to increase physical and technological properties of asphalt concrete and concrete road dressings. The paper reveals that it is necessary to continue and expand study of physical and technical and thermophysical properties of new materials on the basis of nanotechnologies with application of modified, nanostructured carbon-based plasticizer for construction-road industry because especially these additives significantly increase cement activity that leads to improvement of strength, reliability and longevity for the obtained materials

Scientific and Methodological Aspects to the Formation and Development Management of «University 3.0» Innovation Environment

The article analyzes the best practices of the Belarusian National Technical University on the development of an innovation environment by the example of establishing high-tech medical production. The system-forming elements, factors and mechanism for the improvement of the innovation environment of a higher education institution operating on the «University 3.0» model base are highlighted. The missions, functions, promising technologies and formats for the implementation of educational, research and entrepreneurial activities as subsystems of the internal innovation environment of a higher education institution and directions of interaction with the external innovation environment subsystems (government regulation, financing facility and the market) are considered. The article based on a systematic approach shows the specificity of the effective innovation environment which is manifested in synergy of its elements interaction. The mechanism ensuring functional coordination between all the «University 3.0» activities and the external environment subjects in order to achieve a common mission have been propose