The Nature of Thermopower in Bipolar Semiconductors

The thermoemf in bipolar semiconductors is calculated. It is shown that it is necessary to take into account the nonequilibrium distribution of electron and hole concentrations (Fermi quasilevels of the electrons and holes). We find that electron and hole electric conductivities of contacts of semiconductor samples with connecting wires make a substantial contribution to thermoemf.Comment: 17 pages, RevTeX 3.0 macro packag

Variations of cosmic rays according to the data of interplanetary probes Zond-3 and Venus-2

Cosmic ray intensity variation measured by Zond 3 and Venus 2 interplanetary probe

Mathematical model of stacked one-sided arrangement of the burners

Paper is aimed at computer simulation of the turbulent methane-air combustion in upgraded U-shaped boiler unit. To reduce the temperature in the flame and hence NOx release every burner output was reduced, but the number of the burners was increased. The subject of studying: complex of characteristics with space-time fields in the upgraded steam boiler E-370 with natural circulation. The flare structure, temperature and concentrations were determined computationally

Effect of short PSG peptide fragments on the cytokine profile in Wistar rats during allogeneic transplantation <i>in vivo</i>

Pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein (PSG) is a protein with pleiotropic biological effects, particularly immunoregulatory and immunosuppressive potential. The use of recombinant PSG may exert therapeutic effects in experimental animals with induced autoimmune diseases. Recently, a search for the biological effects of short linear motifs (SLiMs) has become a new strategy for designing the pharmacological compounds. Tetrapeptide regions have been identified in the primary structure of several PSGs: YQCE, YECE and YACS, these SLiMs exhibit immunomodulatory activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prospectives for usage of PSG peptide fragments as pharmacological agents to modulate transplant immunity. We used an original model of host-versus-graft response in male Wistar rats transplanted with bone marrow, without prior conditioning treatment of recipients. We used a cocktail of the PSG peptide fragments administered to Wistar rats in the course of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BM) in dynamic manner, evaluating the cytokine profile as an integral index of immune response. Cytokine levels were determined by multiplex method using Bio-Plex ProTM Rat 23-Plex kit. Statistical processing of the data was performed by means of two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test for multiple comparisons. We have found that the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18), as well as the contents of G-CSF, GM-CSF and IL-7 were increased in the animals injected with BM only. In the group of animals injected with BM + PSG peptides, an increase in IFNγ, IL-6, TNFα was observed, which decreased by the end of the experiment. Increased levels of antiinflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were detected in blood serum of the animals on day +14. Moreover, administration of PSG peptides also led to increase in IL-2, M-CSF, MCP-1, and RANTES levels on day 14 from the beginning of the experiment, and to a gradual decrease in their levels till the end of the experiment. Meanwhile, control group showed a marked tendency for increase of these and other cytokines. Thus, it was shown that the use of PSG peptides upon development of immune response to BM allograft may promote a return to normal levels for the most cytokines studied, thus presuming the immunopharmacological potential of these peptides. The obtained data can be used to develop a pharmacological preparation of the studied peptides to correct the imbalance of immune system

Neutral Particles in Light of the Majorana-Ahluwalia Ideas

The first part of this article (Sections I and II) presents oneself an overview of theory and phenomenology of truly neutral particles based on the papers of Majorana, Racah, Furry, McLennan and Case. The recent development of the construct, undertaken by Ahluwalia [{\it Mod. Phys. Lett. A}{\bf 9} (1994) 439; {\it Acta Phys. Polon. B}{\bf 25} (1994) 1267; Preprints LANL LA-UR-94-1252, LA-UR-94-3118], could be relevant for explanation of the present experimental situation in neutrino physics and astrophysics. In Section III the new fundamental wave equations for self/anti-self conjugate type-II spinors, proposed by Ahluwalia, are re-casted to covariant form. The connection with the Foldy-Nigam-Bargmann-Wightman- Wigner (FNBWW) type quantum field theory is found. The possible applications to the problem of neutrino oscillations are discussed.Comment: REVTEX file. 21pp. No figure

An insight into imbalanced Big Data classification: outcomes and challenges

Big Data applications are emerging during the last years, and researchers from many disciplines are aware of the high advantages related to the knowledge extraction from this type of problem. However, traditional learning approaches cannot be directly applied due to scalability issues. To overcome this issue, the MapReduce framework has arisen as a “de facto” solution. Basically, it carries out a “divide-and-conquer” distributed procedure in a fault-tolerant way to adapt for commodity hardware. Being still a recent discipline, few research has been conducted on imbalanced classification for Big Data. The reasons behind this are mainly the difficulties in adapting standard techniques to the MapReduce programming style. Additionally, inner problems of imbalanced data, namely lack of data and small disjuncts, are accentuated during the data partitioning to fit the MapReduce programming style. This paper is designed under three main pillars. First, to present the first outcomes for imbalanced classification in Big Data problems, introducing the current research state of this area. Second, to analyze the behavior of standard pre-processing techniques in this particular framework. Finally, taking into account the experimental results obtained throughout this work, we will carry out a discussion on the challenges and future directions for the topic.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology under Projects TIN2014-57251-P and TIN2015-68454-R, the Andalusian Research Plan P11-TIC-7765, the Foundation BBVA Project 75/2016 BigDaPTOOLS, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) Grant IIS-1447795

Statistical Mechanics and the Physics of the Many-Particle Model Systems

The development of methods of quantum statistical mechanics is considered in light of their applications to quantum solid-state theory. We discuss fundamental problems of the physics of magnetic materials and the methods of the quantum theory of magnetism, including the method of two-time temperature Green's functions, which is widely used in various physical problems of many-particle systems with interaction. Quantum cooperative effects and quasiparticle dynamics in the basic microscopic models of quantum theory of magnetism: the Heisenberg model, the Hubbard model, the Anderson Model, and the spin-fermion model are considered in the framework of novel self-consistent-field approximation. We present a comparative analysis of these models; in particular, we compare their applicability for description of complex magnetic materials. The concepts of broken symmetry, quantum protectorate, and quasiaverages are analyzed in the context of quantum theory of magnetism and theory of superconductivity. The notion of broken symmetry is presented within the nonequilibrium statistical operator approach developed by D.N. Zubarev. In the framework of the latter approach we discuss the derivation of kinetic equations for a system in a thermal bath. Finally, the results of investigation of the dynamic behavior of a particle in an environment, taking into account dissipative effects, are presented.Comment: 77 pages, 1 figure, Refs.37