Studying newborn neutron stars by the transient emission after stellar collapses and compact binary mergers

The formation of neutron stars (NSs), both from collapses of massive stars and mergers of compact objects, can be usually indicated by bright transients emitted from explosively-ejected material. In particular, if the newborn NSs can rotate at a millisecond period and have a sufficiently high magnetic field, then the spin-down of the NSs would provide a remarkable amount of energy to the emitting material. As a result, super-luminous supernovae could be produced in the massive stellar collapse cases, while some unusual fast evolving and luminous optical transients could arise from the cases of NS mergers and accretion-induced collapses of white dwarfs. In all cases, if the dipolar magnetic fields of the newborn NSs can be amplified to be as high as $10^{15}$ G, a relativistic jet could be launched and then a gamma-ray burst can be produced as the jet successfully breaks out from the surrounding nearly-isotropic ejected material.Comment: 10 pages, 9 pictures, to appear in the AIP Proceedings of the Xiamen-CUSTIPEN Workshop on the EOS of Dense Neutron-Rich Matter in the Era of Gravitational Wave Astronomy, Jan. 3-7, Xiamen, Chin

Prevalence of insomnia symptoms and their associated factors in patients treated in outpatient clinics of four general hospitals in Guangzhou, China

Background: Data on the prevalence of insomnia symptoms in medical outpatient clinics in China are lacking. This study examined the prevalence of insomnia symptoms and their socio-demographic correlates in patients treated at medical outpatient clinics affiliated with four general hospitals in Guangzhou, a large metropolis in southern China. Method: A total of 4399 patients were consecutively invited to participate in the study. Data on insomnia and its socio-demographic correlates were collected with standardized questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of any type of insomnia symptoms was 22.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 20.9–23.3%); the prevalence of difficulty initiating sleep was 14.3%, difficulty maintaining sleep was 16.2%, and early morning awakening was 12.4%. Only 17.5% of the patients suffering from insomnia received sleeping pills. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that male gender, education level, rural residence, and being unemployed or retired were negatively associated with insomnia symptoms, while lacking health insurance, older age and more severe depressive symptoms were positively associated with insomnia symptoms. Conclusions: Insomnia symptoms are common in patients attending medical outpatient clinics in Guangzhou. Increasing awareness of sleep hygiene measures, regular screening and psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for insomnia are needed in China. Trial registration: ChiCTR-INR-16008066. Registered 8 March 2016

Malignant mesenchymal tumor with leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and osteosarcoma differentiation: case report and literature review

A case of malignant mesenchymoma of the bladder containing leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, osteosarcoma, and myxomatous components is described. The primary pedunculated tumor measuring 14 × 13 × 7 cm and weighing 343 g arose from the left trigone of the bladder and was treated by total cystectomy. The histogenesis of malignant mesenchymomas and their optimal management strategy and prognosis remain uncertain. Herein, we present the fifth case of malignant mesenchymoma of the urinary bladder to be reported in the literature, which presented five unrelated differentiated tissues more than did previously reported cases

Assessing international financial integration: do industry and firm-specific characteristics matter? Evidence from the Japanese market

International financial integration has received much attention among professional investors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between financial integration and industry and firmspecific characteristics through analysing cross-listing premiums (determined by the price difference between American Depositary Receipts (A.D.R.s) and their underlining stocks) in Japan. Employing autoregressive models to examine convergence speeds of a shock to the price difference and non-linear Band-threshold autoregressive models to identify non-arbitrage bands, we find that firms integrate well when they are larger in size, sales growth, turnover, performance, institutional holdings, or marked by merger activity, overseas subsidiaries, industrial or consumer goods industries, and a longer history of A.D.R. listing. That is, the A.D.R. with the abovementioned characteristics tends to have less scope for arbitrage. However, crossmarket premiums for firms which have large shareholders and a larger extent of earnings management converge more slowly and have longer half-lives, implying more arbitrage opportunities exist. The explanatory variables applied explain over 35% of variance of premium, and most of the variables remain significant determinants of half-lives whether autoregressive or threshold autoregressive modules are used, but firm leverage is not. The results show that the metals and mining industry converges notably slower than other industries, indicating arbitrage is possible