Expression of PD-L1 in triple-negative breast cancer based on different immunohistochemical antibodies

Additional file 1. Additional Tables, Tables S1–S4

Active site phosphoryl groups in the biphosphorylated phosphotransferase complex reveal dynamics in a millisecond time scale

AbstractThe N-terminal domain of Enzyme I (EIN) and phosphocarrier HPr can form a biphosphorylated complex when they are both phosphorylated by excess cellular phosphoenolpyruvate. Here we show that the electrostatic repulsion between the phosphoryl groups in the biphosphorylated complex results in characteristic dynamics at the active site in a millisecond time scale. The dynamics is localized to phospho-His15 and the stabilizing backbone amide groups of HPr, and does not impact on the phospho-His189 of EIN. The dynamics occurs with the kex of ∼500s−1 which compares to the phosphoryl transfer rate of ∼850s−1 between EIN and HPr. The conformational dynamics in HPr may be important for its phosphotransfer reactions with multiple partner proteins.Structured summary of protein interactionsEIN and HPr bind by nuclear magnetic resonance (View Interaction)

Effects of dodecacalcium heptaaluminate content on the setting time, compressive strength, alkalinity, and cytocompatibility of tricalcium silicate cement

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dodecacalcium hepta-aluminate (C12A7) content on some physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of tricalcium silicate (C3S) cement using human dental pulp cells (hDPCs). Material and Methods: High purity C3S cement was manufactured by a solid phase method. C12A7 was mixed with the cement in proportions of 0, 5, 8, and 10 wt% (C12A7-0, -5, -8, and -10, respectively). Physicochemical properties including initial setting time, compressive strength, and alkalinity were evaluated. Cytocompatibility was assessed with cell viability tests and cell number counts. Statistical analysis was performed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Results: The initial setting time of C3S-based cement was shorter in the presence of C12A7 (p<0.05). After 1 day, C12A7-5 showed significantly higher compressive strength than the other groups (p<0.05). After 7 days, the compressive strength of C12A7-5 was similar to that of C12A7-0, whereas other groups showed strength lower than C12A7-0. The pH values of all tested groups showed no significant differences after 1 day (p>0.05). The C12A7-5 group showed similar cell viability to the C12A7-0 group (p>0.05), while the other experimental groups showed lower values compared to C12A7-0 group (p<0.05). The number of cells grown on the C12A7-5 specimen was higher than that on C12A7-8 and -10 (p<0.05). Conclusions: The addition of C12A7 to C3S cement at a proportion of 5% resulted in rapid initial setting time and higher compressive strength with no adverse effects on cytocompatibility

NF-κB activation mechanism of 4-hydroxyhexenal via NIK/IKK and p38 MAPK pathway

Abstract4-Hydroxyhexenal (HHE) is known to affect redox balance during aging, included are vascular dysfunctions. To better understand vascular abnormality through the molecular alterations resulting from HHE accumulation in aging processes, we set out to determine whether up-regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) by HHE is mediated through nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation in endothelial cells. HHE induced NF-κB activation by inhibitor of κB (IκB) phosphorylation via the IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) pathway. HHE increased the activity of p38 MAPK and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), but not c-jun NH2-terminal kinase, indicating that p38 MAPK and ERK are closely involved in HHE-induced NF-κB transactivation. Pretreatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059, and p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, attenuated the induction of p65 translocation, IκB phosphorylation, and NF-κB luciferase activity. These findings strongly suggest that HHE induces NF-κB activation through IKK/NIK pathway and/or p38 MAPK and ERK activation associated with oxidative stress in endothelial cells

Optical repumping of triplet PP-states enhances magneto-optical trapping of ytterbium atoms

Radiative decay from the excited $^1P_1$ state to metastable $^3P_2$ and $^3P_0$ states is expected to limit attainable trapped atomic population in a magneto-optic trap of ytterbium (Yb) atoms. In experiments we have carried out with optical repumping of $^3P_{0,2}$ states to $^3P_1$, we observe enhancement of trapped atoms yield in the excited $^1P_1$ state. The individual decay rate to each metastable state is measured and the results show an excellent agreement with the theoretical values.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure