Determination of the Fragmentation Parameters of the Multi-charge Component of Primary Cosmic Rays

Determination of fragmentation parameters of multicharge component of primary cosmic ray

Налоговые аспекты децентрализации финансовых ресурсов

Статья посвящена актуальным вопросам обеспечения социально-экономического развития регионов путем децентрализации финансовых ресурсов на основе перераспределения налоговых поступлений. Разработан методический подход к моделированию сценариев корректировки налоговой составляющей региональной фискальной политики, который включает несколько взаимосвязанных последовательных этапов: постановка цели; построение модели корректировки налоговой составляющей региональной фискальной политики; установление влияния факторов на формирование финансовой самодостаточности регионального развития; определение сценариев перераспределения налоговых поступлений между бюджетами разных уровней; учет потенциальных рисков; формирование критериев эффективности децентрализации финансовых ресурсов и проверка сценариев на соответствие им; моделирование сценариев; выбор наиболее рационального сценария в соответствии с экономической, социальной и организационной эффективностью. С целью выявления наиболее эффективных вариантов корректировки налоговой составляющей региональной фискальной политики рассмотрены четыре варианта сценария (механизмы изменения налогового и бюджетного кодексов Украины на 2011-2014 гг.; предложения правительства на 2015 г.; два авторских сценария, предложенных в части закрепления доли общегосударственных налогов за местными бюджетами). По каждому из них учитывались временные, трансакционные и коррупционные риски и потери бюджетных средств. Для моделирования сценариев построена имитационная модель динамики финансовых ресурсов региона на примере местного бюджета г. Харькова в среде Vensim. Моделирование предложенных вариантов сценариев показало, что в правительственном сценарии коэффициент бюджетной зависимости, и уровень сбалансированности бюджета ухудшаются по сравнению с условиями, действовавшими до 2014 г. Их улучшение по сравнению с ретроспективным периодом достигается в одном из авторских сценариев, при этом происходит сокращение объема и доли межбюджетных трансфертов и связанных с ними потерь. Законодательное закрепление ответственности за выполнение перераспределенных функций позволит повысить их эффективность.The article is devoted to topical issues of socio-economic development of regions through decentralization of financial resources ion terms of reallocation of tax revenue. The methodical approach to modeling scenarios of adjusting the tax component of the regional fiscal policy, which consists of five interrelated sequential steps: setting goals; building a model of adjusting the tax component of the regional fiscal policy; identifying the impact of the factors on developing the financial self-sufficiency of regional development; identifying scenarios of tax revenue reallocation between the budgets of different levels; recording potential risks; developing performance criteria for financial resource decentralization and checking scenarios for their compliance; modeling scenarios; selection of the most rational scenario in accordance with economic, social, and organizational effectiveness. In order to identify the most effective options of adjusting the tax component of the regional fiscal policy the article considers four possible scenario variants: the scenario for 2011-2014 years; the governmental scenario for 2015; two scenarios proposed by the authors in terms of securing a share of national taxes to local budgets. For each scenario it considers the risks and the related losses of budgetary funds: temporary, transactional and corruption risks. To model the scenarios, a simulation model of the regional financial resources dynamics using the example of the local budget of Kharkov in the Vensim medium has been built. Modelling the proposed scenario variants has shown deterioration in the scenario 2 of both the budget dependence coefficient and the level of the budget balance in comparison with the pre-existing conditions in 2014. Improvement in the budget dependence indicator and the balance as compared with the retrospective period is achieved in the fourth scenario under consideration. At that, there is a reduction of the volume and the share of the intra-budget transfers and related losses. Legislative recognition of responsibility for implementing reallocated functions will allow to increase their efficiency

Incoherent quantum feedback control of collective light scattering by Bose-Einstein condensates

It is well known that in the presence of a ring cavity the light scattering from a uniform atomic ensemble can become unstable resulting in the collective atomic recoil lasing. This is the result of a positive feedback due to the cavity. We propose to add an additional electronic feedback loop based on the photodetection of the scattered light. The advantage is a great flexibility in choosing the feedback algorithm, since manipulations with electric signals are very well developed. In this paper we address the application of such a feedback to atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensed state and explore the quantum noise due to the incoherent feedback action. We show that although the feedback based on the photodetection does not change the local stability of the initial uniform distribution with respect to small disturbances, it reduces the region of attraction of the uniform equilibrium. The feedback-induced nonlinearity enables quantum fluctuations to bring the system out of the stability region and cause an exponential growth even if the uniform state is globally stable without the feedback. Using numerical solution of the feedback master equation we show that there is no feedback-induced noise in the quadratures of the excited atomic and light modes. The feedback loop, however, introduces additional noise into the number of quanta of these modes. Importantly, the feedback opens an opportunity to position the modulated BEC inside a cavity as well as tune the phase of scattered light. This can find applications in precision measurements and quantum simulations.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

A combinatorial approach to the set-theoretic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation

A bijective map $r: X^2 \longrightarrow X^2$, where $X = \{x_1, ..., x_n \}$ is a finite set, is called a \emph{set-theoretic solution of the Yang-Baxter equation} (YBE) if the braid relation $r_{12}r_{23}r_{12} = r_{23}r_{12}r_{23}$ holds in $X^3.$ A non-degenerate involutive solution $(X,r)$ satisfying $r(xx)=xx$, for all $x \in X$, is called \emph{square-free solution}. There exist close relations between the square-free set-theoretic solutions of YBE, the semigroups of I-type, the semigroups of skew polynomial type, and the Bieberbach groups, as it was first shown in a joint paper with Michel Van den Bergh. In this paper we continue the study of square-free solutions $(X,r)$ and the associated Yang-Baxter algebraic structures -- the semigroup $S(X,r)$, the group $G(X,r)$ and the $k$- algebra $A(k, X,r)$ over a field $k$, generated by $X$ and with quadratic defining relations naturally arising and uniquely determined by $r$. We study the properties of the associated Yang-Baxter structures and prove a conjecture of the present author that the three notions: a square-free solution of (set-theoretic) YBE, a semigroup of I type, and a semigroup of skew-polynomial type, are equivalent. This implies that the Yang-Baxter algebra $A(k, X,r)$ is Poincar\'{e}-Birkhoff-Witt type algebra, with respect to some appropriate ordering of $X$. We conjecture that every square-free solution of YBE is retractable, in the sense of Etingof-Schedler.Comment: 34 page

On the upper limit of antinuclei content in cosmic rays

Upper limit of antinuclei content in cosmic ray

Higher education market in Ukraine

The article analyses key features o f how the higher education market develops in Ukraine. In order to cover the topic on a large scale, we have defined the terms o f education sen’ice and sen’ice differentiation. The analysis o f market structure gives reasons for stating that the higher education market in Ukraine acts under the conditions o f monopolistic competition.У статті розглянуто загальні характеристики розвитку ринку освітніх послуг України. З метою розкриття теми було визначено поняття «освітня послуга» та «диференціація послуги». Аналіз структури ринку дає підстави характеризувати ргінок освітніх послуг України як монополістичну конкуренцію

The Strategy of Enterprise’s Competitive Advantages Formation Under Condition of Intensive Competitive Struggle Стратегия формирования конкурентных преимуществ предприятия в условиях интенсивной конкурентной борьбы

In the article the sequence of development stages of strategy of the enterprise’s competitive advantages formation in the conditions of high intensity of competitive struggle is considered. The system of information streams, and also requirements to competitive advantages depending on type of competitive strategy is offered.В статье рассмотрена последовательность этапов разработки стратегии формирования конкурентных преимуществ предприятия в условиях высокой интенсивности конкурентной борьбы. Предложена система информационных потоков, а также требования к конкурентным преимуществам в зависимости от типа конкурентной стратегии

Circuits Regulating Pleasure and Happiness in Schizophrenia: The Neurobiological Mechanism of Delusions

A recently developed model describes how evolutionary old neuronal systems allow free-moving animals, including humans, to escape from threats and discomfort and to acquire sufficient necessities to maintain life and to continue as a species. The amygdala has an essential role in regulating these fundamental reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behaviours. This is probably related to the ancient character of the corticoid and ganglionic parts of the amygdaloid complex. During evolution almost the entire ventral and lateral pallium (cortex) of the first vertebrates went up into the superficial and deep amygdalar nuclei, and their entire striatum and pallidum went up into the extended amygdala. An important role of the amygdala is selecting the sensory cues which are relevant for reward-seeking and misery-fleeing behaviour and should be paid attention to in order to increase the animal’s chances. This corresponds to attentive salience. Disturbances of this process in humans may lead to delusions. It has been suggested that in patients with schizophrenia this aberrant salience results from dopaminergic hyperactivity. The authors of this chapter believe that aberrant salience can result from dysfunctions everywhere within the chain: neocortex, corticoid amygdala, hippocampal complex, medial septum, medial habenula, midbrain nuclei and ventral tegmental area

Хлорфенолы в органическом синтезе

Received: 17.08.2016; accepted: 11.10.2016; published: 01.12.2016.Поступило: 17.08.2016; приянято: 11.10.2016; опубликовано: 01.12.2016.This article reviews the alternatives for modifications of p-chlorophenols, p-chloroanisoles with the formation of C-C, C-N, C-S and C-B bonds. It is worth noting the high fundamental as well as practical importance of these reactions due to the availability and cheapness of initial chlorine substituted derivatives of phenol.В данном обзоре рассмотрены варианты модификаций п-хлорфенолов и п-хлоранизолов с образованием связей C-C, C-N, C-S и C-B. Стоит отметить высокую не только фундаментальную, но и практическую значимость данных реакций, ввиду доступности и дешевизны исходных хлорзамещенных производных фенола