CFD Simulation and Optimal Design of a New Parabolic–Shaped Guided Valve Tray

A new parabolic–shaped guided valve tray is proposed. The gas–liquid two–phase flow of parabolic and conventional rectangular guided valve trays is simulated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The clear liquid height on the tray was predicted for different combinations of the superficial gas velocity, liquid flow intensity and weir height. The predicted values were in good agreement with the calculated ones. The parabolic–shaped guided valve tray has a more uniform flow form by comparing the gas–liquid two–phase flow behavior of parabolic and rectangular guided valve trays: the liquid level difference is slight, the guiding effect is strong, and the re–mixing phenomenon is improved. Further modeling and simulations were conducted for nine parabolic–shaped guided valve trays of different function expressions. The optimum valve structure is the parabolic–shaped guided valve of the a–value at 0.075 and the t–value at 26

The Review of Economic Performance of Indonesia Fourth Quarter 2008

This publication present evaluation of Indonesia economic performance reached during fourth quarter 2008. Some macroeconomics indicator becoming attentions in this evaluation are: gross domestic product, inflation, amount of money supply, imports, exports, and also level of unemploymen

Summary of <i>L. japonica</i> leaves and buds EST annotation.

<p>Summary of <i>L. japonica</i> leaves and buds EST annotation.</p

Percentages of <i>L. japonica</i> unigenes in 11 subcategories of the metabolic pathway category.

<p>Percentages of <i>L. japonica</i> unigenes in 11 subcategories of the metabolic pathway category.</p

Proposed pathways for the biosynthesis of CGA and luteoloside in <i>L. japonica</i>.

<p>The three different routes of CGA biosynthesis are labeled 1, 2, and 3. Enzyme names are shown in the pictures. Each enzyme is annotated with the number of corresponding unigenes shown in parentheses. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase/4-coumarate-CoA ligase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; C3H, <i>p-</i>coumarate 3′-hydroxlase; HQT, hydroxycinnamoyl CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; UGCT, UDP glucose: cinnamate glucosyl transferase; HCGQT, hydroxycinnamoyl D-glucose: quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase. CHS, chalcone synthesis; CHI, chalcone isomerase; FSII, flavonol synthase; F3'H, Flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase.</p

Summary of <i>L. japonica</i> leaves and buds EST sequencing derived from 454 GS FLX Titanium.

<p>Summary of <i>L. japonica</i> leaves and buds EST sequencing derived from 454 GS FLX Titanium.</p

Top 10 putative transcription factor families in <i>L. japonica.</i>

<p>Top 10 putative transcription factor families in <i>L. japonica.</i></p

GO and COG classifications of unigenes from <i>L. japonica</i>.

<p>A. GO function classification of transcriptome. B. COG function classification of transcriptome. Purple boxes represent information storage and processing. J: Translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis. A: RNA processing and modification. K: Transcription. L: Replication, recombination and repair. B: Chromatin structure and dynamics. Yellow boxes represent cellular processes and signaling. D: Cell cycle control, cell division, and chromosome partitioning. Y: Nuclear structure. V: Defense mechanisms. T: Signal transduction mechanisms. M: Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis. N: Cell motility. Z: Cytoskeleton. W: Extracellular structures. U: Intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport. O: Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones. Blue boxes represent metabolism. C: Energy production and conversion. G: Carbohydrate transport and metabolism. E: Amino acid transport and metabolism. F: Nucleotide transport and metabolism. H: Coenzyme transport and metabolism. I: Lipid transport and metabolism. P: Inorganic ion transport and metabolism. Q: Secondary metabolite biosynthesis, transport, and catabolism. Gray boxes represent poorly characterized. R: General function prediction only. S: Function unknown.</p

Protein sequence alignment of putative <i>L. japonica</i> HQTs and HCTs with representative members of the HQT and HCT families.

<p>A. Sequence alignment of the conserved structure motifs in eight <i>L. japonica</i> putative HQTs and HCTs with <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (NP001234850) and <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (CAE46932). Black boxes indicate the conserved region. B. Neighbor-joining tree of HQTs and HCTs from <i>L. japonica</i> and other plants. The HQTs and HCTs used in phylogenetic analysis were retrieved from NCBI, including <i>Cynara cardunculus</i> var. scolymus (ACJ23164, ADL62854, CAR92145, ACF37072, AFL93687, ABK79689, ABK79690, AFL93686), <i>Coffea canephora</i> (ABO77957, ABO47805, ABO77955), <i>Nicotiana tabacum</i> (CAE46932, Q8GSM7), <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> (NP001234850), <i>Trifolium pratense</i> (ACI28534), <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> (XP002303858, XP002332068), <i>P. nigra</i> (AEN02914) and <i>C. arabica</i> (ABO40491).</p