Wounding triggers MIRO-1 dependent mitochondrial fragmentation that accelerates epidermal wound closure through oxidative signaling.

Organisms respond to tissue damage through the upregulation of protective responses which restore tissue structure and metabolic function. Mitochondria are key sources of intracellular oxidative metabolic signals that maintain cellular homeostasis. Here we report that tissue and cellular wounding triggers rapid and reversible mitochondrial fragmentation. Elevated mitochondrial fragmentation either in fzo-1 fusion-defective mutants or after acute drug treatment accelerates actin-based wound closure. Wounding triggered mitochondrial fragmentation is independent of the GTPase DRP-1 but acts via the mitochondrial Rho GTPase MIRO-1 and cytosolic Ca2+. The fragmented mitochondria and accelerated wound closure of fzo-1 mutants are dependent on MIRO-1 function. Genetic and transcriptomic analyzes show that enhanced mitochondrial fragmentation accelerates wound closure via the upregulation of mtROS and Cytochrome P450. Our results reveal how mitochondrial dynamics respond to cellular and tissue injury and promote tissue repair

A Dense Feature Pyramid Network for Remote Sensing Object Detection

In recent years, object detection in remote sensing images has become a popular topic in computer vision research. However, there are various problems in remote sensing object detection, such as complex scenes, small objects in large fields of view, and multi-scale object in different categories. To address these issues, we propose DFPN-YOLO, a dense feature pyramid network for remote sensing object detection. To address difficulties in detecting small objects in large scenes, we add a larger detection layer on top of the three detection layers of YOLOv3, and we propose Dense-FPN, a dense feature pyramid network structure that enables all four detection layers to combine semantic information before sampling and after sampling to improve the performance of object detection at different scales. In addition, we add an attention module in the residual blocks of the backbone to allow the network to quickly extract key feature information in complex scenes. The results show that the mean average precision (mAP) of our method on the RSOD datasets reached 92%, which is 8% higher than the mAP of YOLOv3, and the mAP increased from 62.41% on YOLOv3 to 69.33% with our method on the DIOR datasets, outperforming even YOLOv4

Numerical prediction of the chip formation and damage response in CFRP cutting with a novel strain rate based material model

Carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are susceptible to various cutting damages. An accurate model that could efficiently predict the material removal and chip formation mechanisms will thus help to reduce the damages during cutting and further improved machining quality can be pursued. In previous studies, macro numerical models have been proposed to predict the orthogonal cutting of the CFRP laminates with subsurface damages under quasi-static loading conditions. However, the strain rate effect on the material behaviours has rarely been considered in the material modelling process, which would lead to the inaccurate prediction of the cutting process and damage extent, especially at high cutting speed. To address this issue, a novel material failure model is developed in this work by incorporating the strain rate effect across the damage initiation (combined Hashin and Puck laws) and evolution criteria. The variation in material properties with the strain rate is considered for the characterization of the stress-strain relationships under different loading speeds. With this material model, a three-dimensional macro numerical model is established to simulate the orthogonal cutting of CFRPs under four typical fibre cutting angles. The machining process and cutting force simulated by the proposed model are well agreed with the results of the CFRP orthogonal cutting experiments, and the prediction accuracy has been improved compared with the model without considering the strain rate effect. In addition, the effects of processing conditions on the subsurface damage in machining CFRPs under 135° are assessed. The subsurface damage is found to decrease with the cutting speed increases to 100 mm/s, afterwards, it tends to be stable when the cutting speed is over 100 mm/s. The increased severity of the subsurface damage is predicted with the higher cutting depths

Metabolomic analysis reveals the influence of HMBOX1 on RAW264.7 cells proliferation based on UPLC-MS/MS

Abstract Macrophages are important effector cells in tumor progression and immune regulation. Previously, we demonstrated that the transcription suppressor homeobox containing 1(HMBOX1) exhibits immunosuppressive activity in LPS-induced acute liver injury by impeding macrophage infiltration and activation. We also observed a lower proliferation in HMBOX1-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells. However, the specific mechanism was unclear. Here, a work was performed to characterize HMBOX1 function related to cell proliferation from a metabolomics standpoint by comparing the metabolic profiles of HMBOX1-overexpressed RAW264.7 cells to those of the controls. Firstly, we assessed HMBOX1 anti-proliferation activity in RAW264.7 cells with CCK8 assay and clone formation. Then, we performed metabolomic analyses by ultra-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to explore the potential mechanisms. Our results indicated that HMBOX1 inhibited the macrophage growth curve and clone formation ability. Metabolomic analyses showed significant changes in HMBOX1-overexpressed RAW264.7 metabolites. A total of 1312 metabolites were detected, and 185 differential metabolites were identified based on the criterion of OPLS-DA VIP > 1 and p value < 0.05. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the elevated HMBOX1 in RAW264.7 inhibited the pathways of amino acid and nucleotide metabolism. Glutamine concentrations decreased significantly in HMBOX1-overexpressed macrophages, and glutamine-related transporter SLC1A5 was also downregulated. Furthermore, SLC1A5 overexpression reversed HMBOX1 inhibition of macrophage proliferation. This study demonstrated the potential mechanism of the HMBOX1/SLC1A5 pathway in cell proliferation by regulating glutamine transportation. The results may help provide a new direction for therapeutic interventions in macrophage-related inflammatory diseases

Titanium Dioxide Nanotube-Based Oxygen Indicator for Modified Atmosphere Packaging: Efficiency and Accuracy

Colorimetric oxygen indicators can be applied for non-destructive testing in packaging; especially in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). In this paper; titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube; which is used as a semiconductor photocatalyst in oxygen indicators; was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze its crystal form and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).to characterize its morphology. Its properties were studied using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Diffuse Reflection Spectrum (DRS), and Bluebottle experiments. The results showed that the synthesized TiO2 nanotube was a mixture of rutile and anatase; with a specific surface area of 190.35 m2/g; and a wide band gap of 3.34 eV. Given the satisfactory performance; the TiO2-based oxygen indicator was prepared and combined with glycerol; methylene blue; and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC). The oxygen indicator demonstrated excellent photocatalytic performance and effectively avoided excitation by visible light. We studied the rheological properties; thixotropic properties; and wettability of the indicator. The results demonstrated the printability of the indicator solution; which was then printed in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film by screen printing and applied to MAP. The application results showed that the prepared oxygen indicator was able to provide visual support to judge whether the packaging was intact and the food was safe

Rapid identification of a new gene influencing low amylose content in rice landraces (Oryza sativa L.) using genome-wide association study with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing

Starch is the major compoments of milled rice, and amylose content (AC) affects eating quality. In this study, genome-wide association study (GWAS) with specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) data was performed for AC in a panel of 419 core collection for rice landraces. Using the compressed mixed linear method based on the Q+K model, we identified a new gene LAC6 (Chr6: 5.65 Mb ~ 6.04 Mb) associated with AC in the low amylose content panel. The candidate genes of LAC6 was detected through qRT-PCR in rice panicles. The results indicated that LOCOs06g11130 was up-regulated, and LOC_Os06g11340 showed significantly down-regulated, which was most likely a key candidate gene of LAC6. In conclusion, the findings provide a certain theoretiacal basis of molecular biology for genetic improvement of AC in rice and rice quality variety breeding.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Synthesis, Structural Determination, and Antifungal Activity of Novel Fluorinated Quinoline Analogs

A series of new fluorinated quinoline analogs were synthesized using Tebufloquin as the lead compound, 2-fluoroaniline, ethyl 2-methylacetoacetate, and substituted benzoic acid as raw materials. Their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The compound 8-fluoro-2,3-dimethylquinolin-4-yl 4-(tert-butyl)benzoate (2b) was further determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The antifungal activity was tested at 50 μg/mL, and the bioassay results showed that these quinoline derivatives had good antifungal activity. Among them, compounds 2b, 2e, 2f, 2k, and 2n exhibited good activity (>80%) against S. sclerotiorum, and compound 2g displayed good activity (80.8%) against R. solani