An Empirical Study on Cases of Domestic Violence: Samples of 212 Cases From 22 Provinces, 4 Municipalities, and 4 Autonomous Regions in China

Domestic violence is one of the most widespread forms of gender-based violence on China Judgments Online. The author conducts statistical analysis on 212 cases of “domestic violence” and explores the gender ratio of perpetrators of domestic violence and the involvement of relevant government departments and organizations. By adopting a comparative analysis method, statistical and comparative analysis of data on the types of violence, the proportion of public prosecution cases, the distribution of sentencing, and the sentencing circumstances of the defendant’s lighter penalties are used to resolve domestic violence. At the same time, the results of this survey will also provide the reader with an intuitive impression of the situation of domestic violence in China and provide some main suggestions for anti-domestic violence practice. This study shows that telephone helplines, police intervention, and the court system is the most deterrent and effective way to stop domestic violence. Only in this way can domestic violence be dealt with promptly and effectively

Antiallergic effects of ethanol extract of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. on DNCB-induced atopic dermatitis in mice

Purpose: To study the anti-allergic effects of ethanol extract of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. on 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced atopic dermatitis in mice.Method: Atopic dermatitis (AD) was induced by DNCB in Balb/c mice, and the mice randomly divided into normal group, negative control group, hydrocortisone group, and ethanol extract of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. (EECM) group. Ear swelling was determined by measuring the thicknesses of the left and right ears of each mouse. Spleen and thymus indices were calculated from spleen, thymus and body weight values. The levels of TNF-α and IgE in serum were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) staining and toluidine blue staining were used to evaluate pathological changes in ear tissue, while high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed to ascertain the bioactive compounds in EECM.Results: Compared with the negative control group, EECM significantly alleviated skin lesions, reduced thickness of ear swelling, and decreased spleen and thymus indexes of mice (p < 0.05). Moreover, EECM significantly reduced epidermal thickness (p < 0.01). However, EECM did not significantly alter the number of mast cells (p > 0.05). The expressions of TNF-α and IgE in serum were also significantly down-regulated (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Results from HPLC revealed that the contents of bergapten, imperatorin and osthole in EECM were 0.73, 3.69 and 9.40 mg/g, respectively.Conclusion: EECM ameliorates AD in mice via inhibition of inflammation and by a mechanism that might be related to the regulation of TNF-α and IgE levels. The major bioactive constituents of EECM are osthole, imperatorin and bergapten. Thus, this plant extract has a potential to be developed for the treatment of of atopic dermatitis

Comparative Analysis of Fatty Acid Desaturases in Cyanobacterial Genomes

Fatty acid desaturases are enzymes that introduce double bonds into the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids. The fatty acid desaturases from 37 cyanobacterial genomes were identified and classified based upon their conserved histidine-rich motifs and phylogenetic analysis, which help to determine the amounts and distributions of desaturases in cyanobacterial species. The filamentous or N2-fixing cyanobacteria usually possess more types of fatty acid desaturases than that of unicellular species. The pathway of acyl-lipid desaturation for unicellular marine cyanobacteria Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus differs from that of other cyanobacteria, indicating different phylogenetic histories of the two genera from other cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater, soil, or symbiont. Strain Gloeobacter violaceus PCC 7421 was isolated from calcareous rock and lacks thylakoid membranes. The types and amounts of desaturases of this strain are distinct to those of other cyanobacteria, reflecting the earliest divergence of it from the cyanobacterial line. Three thermophilic unicellular strains, Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 and two Synechococcus Yellowstone species, lack highly unsaturated fatty acids in lipids and contain only one Δ9 desaturase in contrast with mesophilic strains, which is probably due to their thermic habitats. Thus, the amounts and types of fatty acid desaturases are various among different cyanobacterial species, which may result from the adaption to environments in evolution