18,001 research outputs found
Maximum Score Estimation of Preference Parameters for a Binary Choice Model under Uncertainty
This paper develops maximum score estimation of preference parameters in the
binary choice model under uncertainty in which the decision rule is affected by
conditional expectations. The preference parameters are estimated in two
stages: we estimate conditional expectations nonparametrically in the first
stage and then the preference parameters in the second stage based on Manski
(1975, 1985)'s maximum score estimator using the choice data and first stage
estimates. The paper establishes consistency and derives rate of convergence of
the two-stage maximum score estimator. Moreover, the paper also provides
sufficient conditions under which the two-stage estimator is asymptotically
equivalent in distribution to the corresponding single-stage estimator that
assumes the first stage input is known. These results are of independent
interest for maximum score estimation with nonparametrically generated
regressors. The paper also presents some Monte Carlo simulation results for
finite-sample behavior of the two-stage estimator
Teachers' recognition of school bullying according to background variables and type of bullying
How teachers identify and judge school bullying may affect their willingness to intervene in bullying situations and influence their strategies for doing so. This study aimed to investigate whether there were significant differences in teachers' identification of bullying incidents according to background variables (gender, teaching experience, and education level). The participants of this study were 150 primary school and middle school teachers in Taiwan, A 24-item Recognition of Bullying incidents Questionnaire (RBIQ) was used in this study to explore whether teachers can identify physical, verbal, and relational scenarios as bullying or non-bullying incidents. A mixed-model two way ANOVA was used to analyze this data. Results revealed that teachers' teaching experiences significantly interacted with behavioral types, and teachers' education levels also sigm candy interacted with behavioral types. In addition, no gender differences in the identification of bullying were observed. Overall, teachers were more likely to identifi physical bullying incidents than relational ones. The results of this study suggest that teachers should participate in training to help them identify bullying incidents, particularly when these involve relational bullying
Silicon nanowire devices
Transport measurements were carried out on 15–35 nm diameter silicon nanowires grown using SiH4 chemical vapor deposition via Au or Zn particle-nucleated vapor-liquid-solid growth at 440°C. Both Al and Ti/Au contacts to the wires were investigated. The wires, as produced, were essentially intrinsic, although Au nucleated wires exhibited a slightly higher conductance. Thermal treatment of the fabricated devices resulted in better electrical contacts, as well as diffusion of dopant atoms into the nanowires, and increased the nanowire conductance by as much as 10^4. Three terminal devices indicate that the doping of the wires is p type
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