Impact of Pulp on the Chemical Profile of Mango Wine

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of mango pulp inclusion (which mimicked the maceration stepin grape wine fermentation) on the fermentation dynamics and chemical profile of mango wine, especiallythe volatiles. The growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MERIT.ferm was slower in the mango juice with pulp(uncentrifuged juice), with a corresponding slower reduction in °Brix, relative to the juice without pulp(centrifuged juice). The utilisation of glucose, fructose and sucrose was similar in both uncentrifuged andcentrifuged juices, with almost complete consumption. Citric, tartaric, malic, pyruvic and succinic acidwere the major organic acids in the wines fermented from both the uncentrifuged and centrifuged juices.Citric acid decreased slightly in the macerated wine. Tartaric and malic acid decreased in both wines.Pyruvic acid increased slightly and succinic acid remained almost constant in both wines. Monoterpenes,as one of the signature aroma compounds in mango juice, decreased dramatically in both wines, but wereten times higher in the macerated wine. Terpenols were at least four times higher in the macerated wine.The macerated wine also produced higher levels of fusel alcohols and acetate esters compared to the nonmaceratedwine. On the other hand, the non-macerated wine possessed a higher concentration of mediumchainfatty acids and corresponding ethyl esters. This study indicates that the inclusion of pulp in mangowine fermentation would contribute to the aroma complexity

Stochastic Schroedinger Equations with General Complex Gaussian Noises

Within the framework of stochastic Schroedinger equations, we show that the correspondence between statevector equations and ensemble equations is infinitely many to one, and we discuss the consequences. We also generalize the results of [Phys. Lett. A 224, p. 25 (1996)] to the case of more general complex Gaussian noises and analyze the two important cases of purely real and purely imaginary stochastic processes.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX. To appear on Phys. Rev.

Positive Maps Which Are Not Completely Positive

The concept of the {\em half density matrix} is proposed. It unifies the quantum states which are described by density matrices and physical processes which are described by completely positive maps. With the help of the half-density-matrix representation of Hermitian linear map, we show that every positive map which is not completely positive is a {\em difference} of two completely positive maps. A necessary and sufficient condition for a positive map which is not completely positive is also presented, which is illustrated by some examples.Comment: 4pages,The Institute of Theoretical Physics, Academia Sinica, Beijing 100080, P.R. Chin

On quantum group SL_q(2)

We start with the observation that the quantum group SL_q(2), described in terms of its algebra of functions has a quantum subgroup, which is just a usual Cartan group. Based on this observation we develop a general method of constructing quantum groups with similar property. We also describe this method in the language of quantized universal enveloping algebras, which is another common method of studying quantum groups. We carry our method in detail for root systems of type SL(2); as a byproduct we find a new series of quantum groups - metaplectic groups of SL(2)-type. Representations of these groups can provide interesting examples of bimodule categories over monoidal category of representations of SL_q(2).Comment: plain TeX, 19 pages, no figure

Confirming the multidimensionality of psychologically controlling parenting among Chinese-American mothers: Love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming

© The Author(s) 2014. Despite the theoretical conceptualization of parental psychological control as a multidimensional construct, the majority of previous studies have examined psychological control as a unidimensional scale. Moreover, the conceptualization of shaming and its associations with love withdrawal and guilt induction are unclear. The current study aimed to fill these gaps by evaluating the latent factor structure underlying 18 items from Olsen et al. (2002) that were conceptually relevant to love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming practices in a sample of 169 mothers of Chinese-American preschoolers. A multidimensional three-factor model and bi-factor model were specified based on our formulated operational definitions for the three dimensions of psychological control. Both models were found to be superior to the unidimensional model. In addition, results from the bi-factor model and an additional second-order factor model indicated that psychological control is essentially empirically isomorphic with guilt induction. Although love withdrawal and shaming factors were also fairly strong indicators of psychological control, each exhibited important additional unique variability and mutual distinctiveness. Implications for the conceptualization of love withdrawal, guilt induction, and shaming as well as directions for future studies are discussed

Detecting the intermediate-mass Higgs boson through the associate production channel pp --> t + anti-t + H + X

We examine the detection of the intermediate-mass Higgs boson (IMH) at LHC through the associate production channel pp-->t+(anti-t)+H+X-->l+photon+ photon+X'. It is shown that by applying kinematic cuts or b-tagging on the final state jets, the main backgrounds of W(-->l+nu)+photon+photon+(n-jet) can be reduced substantially without significant loss of signals. It is possible to detect the Higgs boson at LHC through the pp-->t+(anti-t)+H+X channel using a modest photon detector with mass resolution of about 3% of the photon pair invariant mass.Comment: 10 pages, standard LaTex fil

Theory of coherent acoustic phonons in InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells

A microscopic theory for the generation and propagation of coherent LA phonons in pseudomorphically strained wurzite (0001) InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) p-i-n diodes is presented. The generation of coherent LA phonons is driven by photoexcitation of electron-hole pairs by an ultrafast Gaussian pump laser and is treated theoretically using the density matrix formalism. We use realistic wurzite bandstructures taking valence-band mixing and strain-induced piezo- electric fields into account. In addition, the many-body Coulomb ineraction is treated in the screened time-dependent Hartree-Fock approximation. We find that under typical experimental conditions, our microscopic theory can be simplified and mapped onto a loaded string problem which can be easily solved.Comment: 20 pages, 17 figure

Long-term passive monitoring of solar UV radiation using radiochromic films

Paper presented to the 3rd Southern African Solar Energy Conference, South Africa, 11-13 May, 2015.The solar ultraviolet (UV) spectrum spans over a range of wavelengths, namely, UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm) and UVC (100–280 nm). The UV radiation reaching the surface of the Earth comprises of mainly UVA, a small amount of UVB and essentially no UVC. Solar UV can affect the human health. An under-dose will lead to diseases such as rickets and osteoporosis, while an over-dose will cause sunburns, skin cancers and cataracts. It is therefore pertinent to design methods for integrated long-term measurements of UV radiation (e.g., over 1 day). Recently, we succeeded in demonstrating the feasibility of using the Gafchromic EBT3 radiochromic film to quantify solar (UVA+UVB) exposures (in Jcm-2). These radiochromic-film products were originally developed for clinical dosimetric applications, with visible-light absorption changes upon X-ray irradiation, but were understood to be also responsive to UV radiations. We found that the usable range of UV exposures for the EBT3 film was from ~0.2 to ~30 Jcm-2. However, the maximum UV exposure could reach 50 Jcm-2 per day, so we need a wider usable range. The current work proposed modifications to the EBT3 film for longer-term measurements (e.g., over 1 day). We explored the UV responses of EBT3 films covered with 2 and 5 barriers, each barrier being a blue polypropylene film with a thickness of 0.3 mm. The usable range for the film with 2 barriers was from ~4 to ~40 Jcm-2, while the usable range for the film with 5 barriers was from ~30 to ~300 Jcm-2. Using both EBT3 films covered with 2 and 5 barriers will give a continuous usable range from 4 to 300 Jcm-2, which will be useful for a consecutive 6-d UV exposure measurement.cf201

Perturbative Formulation and Non-adiabatic Corrections in Adiabatic Quantum Computing Schemes

Adiabatic limit is the presumption of the adiabatic geometric quantum computation and of the adiabatic quantum algorithm. But in reality, the variation speed of the Hamiltonian is finite. Here we develop a general formulation of adiabatic quantum computing, which accurately describes the evolution of the quantum state in a perturbative way, in which the adiabatic limit is the zeroth-order approximation. As an application of this formulation, non-adiabatic correction or error is estimated for several physical implementations of the adiabatic geometric gates. A quantum computing process consisting of many adiabatic gate operations is considered, for which the total non-adiabatic error is found to be about the sum of those of all the gates. This is a useful constraint on the computational power. The formalism is also briefly applied to the adiabatic quantum algorithm.Comment: 5 pages, revtex. some references adde