Advanced modification of drug nanocrystals by using novel fabrication and downstream approaches for tailor-made drug delivery

Drug nanosuspensions/nanocrystals have been recognized as one useful and successful approach for drug delivery. Drug nanocrystals could be further decorated to possess extended functions (such as controlled release) and designed for special in vivo applications (such as drug tracking), which make best use of the advantages of drug nanocrystals. A lot of novel and advanced size reduction methods have been invented recently for special drug deliveries. In addition, some novel downstream processes have been combined with nanosuspensions, which have highly broadened its application areas (such as targeting) besides traditional routes. A large number of recent research publication regarding as nanocrystals focuses on above mentioned aspects, which have widely attracted attention. This review will focus on the recent development of nanocrystals and give an overview of regarding modification of nanocrystal by some new approaches for tailor-made drug delivery

New Strategies to Improve Therapeutic Vaccines

Vaccination represents a viable and attractive strategy for therapeutic treatment of cancers by the power of a patient’s own immune system. Major advances in cellular and molecular immunology have led to the approval of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine by FDA. However, the development of cancer vaccines remains infant. Maximizing the therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects of the therapeutic cancer vaccine remains key challenges to this field. In this review, we summarized the recently developed strategies to induce anti-tumor responses in vivo to improve the outcomes of cancer vaccines, with an emphasis on the guiding principles that are critical for rational design of effective and safe vaccines against cancers

Dimensions of the popcorn graph

Funding: H. Chen is thankful for the excellent atmosphere for research provided by the University of St Andrews. H. Chen was funded by China Scholarship Council (File No. 201906150102) and NSFC (No. 11601161, 11771153 and 11871227). J. M. Fraser was supported by an EPSRC Standard Grant (EP/R015104/1) and a Leverhulme Trust Research Project Grant (RPG-2019-034). H. Yu was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 803711), and indirectly by Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.The 'popcorn function' is a well-known and important example in real analysis with many interesting features. We prove that the box dimension of the graph of the popcorn function is 4/3, as well as computing the Assouad dimension and Assouad spectrum. The main ingredients include Duffin-Schaeffer type estimates from Diophantine approximation and the Chung-Erdős inequality from probability theory.PostprintPeer reviewe