De Sitter Thermodynamics from Diamonds's Temperature

The thermal time hypothesis proposed by Rovelli [1] regards the physical basis for the flow of time as thermodynamical and provides a definition of the temperature for some special cases. We verify this hypothesis in the case of de Sitter spacetime by relating the uniformly accelerated observer in de Sitter spacetime to the diamond in Minkowski spacetime. Then, as an application of it, we investigate the thermal effect for the uniformly accelerated observer with a finite lifetime in dS spacetime, which generalizes the corresponding result for the case of Minkowski spacetime [2]. Furthermore, noticing that a uniformly accelerated dS observer with a finite lifetime corresponds to a Rindler observer with a finite lifetime in the embedding Minkowski spacetime, we show that the global-embedding-Minkowski-spacetime (GEMS) picture of spacetime thermodynamics is valid in this case. This is a rather nontrivial and unexpected generalization of the GEMS picture, as well as a further verification of both the thermal time hypothesis and the GEMS picture.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, LaTeX; v2: reorganized with a new section added concerning a generalization of the GEMS picture from our result; v3: version with minor corrections, to appear in JHE

D-optimal designs via a cocktail algorithm

A fast new algorithm is proposed for numerical computation of (approximate) D-optimal designs. This "cocktail algorithm" extends the well-known vertex direction method (VDM; Fedorov 1972) and the multiplicative algorithm (Silvey, Titterington and Torsney, 1978), and shares their simplicity and monotonic convergence properties. Numerical examples show that the cocktail algorithm can lead to dramatically improved speed, sometimes by orders of magnitude, relative to either the multiplicative algorithm or the vertex exchange method (a variant of VDM). Key to the improved speed is a new nearest neighbor exchange strategy, which acts locally and complements the global effect of the multiplicative algorithm. Possible extensions to related problems such as nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation are mentioned.Comment: A number of changes after accounting for the referees' comments including new examples in Section 4 and more detailed explanations throughou

Measure representation and multifractal analysis of complete genomes

This paper introduces the notion of measure representation of DNA sequences. Spectral analysis and multifractal analysis are then performed on the measure representations of a large number of complete genomes. The main aim of this paper is to discuss the multifractal property of the measure representation and the classification of bacteria. From the measure representations and the values of the $D_{q}$ spectra and related $C_{q}$ curves, it is concluded that these complete genomes are not random sequences. In fact, spectral analyses performed indicate that these measure representations considered as time series, exhibit strong long-range correlation. For substrings with length K=8, the $D_{q}$ spectra of all organisms studied are multifractal-like and sufficiently smooth for the $C_{q}$ curves to be meaningful. The $C_{q}$ curves of all bacteria resemble a classical phase transition at a critical point. But the 'analogous' phase transitions of chromosomes of non-bacteria organisms are different. Apart from Chromosome 1 of {\it C. elegans}, they exhibit the shape of double-peaked specific heat function.Comment: 12 pages with 9 figures and 1 tabl

Peculiarities of sub-barrier fusion with quantum diffusion approach

With the quantum diffusion approach the unexpected behavior of fusion cross section, angular momentum, and astrophysical S-factor at sub-barrier energies has been revealed. Out of the region of short-range nuclear interaction and action of friction at turning point the decrease rate of the cross section under the barrier becomes smaller. The calculated results for the reactions with spherical nuclei are in a good agreement with the existing experimental data.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Interaction of CO2 laser-modified nylon with osteoblast cells in relation to wettability

It has been amply demonstrated previously that CO2 lasers hold the ability to surface modify various polymers. In addition, it has been observed that these surface enhancements can augment the biomimetic nature of the laser irradiated materials. This research has employed a CO2 laser marker to produce trench and hatch topographical patterns with peak heights of around 1 μm on the surface of nylon 6,6. The patterns generated have been analysed using white light interferometery, optical microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was employed to determine the surface oxygen content. Contact angle measurements were used to characterize each sample in terms of wettability. Generally, it was seen that as a result of laser processing the contact angle, surface roughness and surface oxygen content increased whilst the apparent polar and total surface energies decreased. The increase in contact angle and reduction in surface energy components was found to be on account of a mixed intermediate state wetting regime owing to the change in roughness due to the induced topographical patterns. To determine the biomimetic nature of the modified and as-received control samples each one was seeded with 2×104 cells/ml normal human osteoblast cells and observed after periods of 24 hours and 4 days using optical microscopy and SEM to determine mean cell cover densities and variations in cell morphology. In addition a haeymocytometer was used to show that the cell count for the laser patterned samples had increased by up to a factor of 1.5 compared to the as-received control sample after 4 days of incubation. Significantly, it was determined that all laser-induced patterns gave rise to better cell response in comparison to the as-received control sample studied due to increased preferential cell growth on those surfaces with increased surface roughness

Two-to-one resonant multi-modal dynamics of horizontal/inclined cables. Part I : theoretical formulation and model validation

This paper is first of the two papers dealingwith analytical investigation of resonant multimodal dynamics due to 2:1 internal resonances in the finite-amplitude free vibrations of horizontal/inclined cables. Part I deals with theoretical formulation and validation of the general cable model. Approximate nonlinear partial differential equations of 3-D coupled motion of small sagged cables - which account for both spatio-temporal variation of nonlinear dynamic tension and system asymmetry due to inclined sagged configurations - are presented. A multidimensional Galerkin expansion of the solution ofnonplanar/planar motion is performed, yielding a complete set of system quadratic/cubic coefficients. With the aim of parametrically studying the behavior of horizontal/inclined cables in Part II [25], a second-order asymptotic analysis under planar 2:1 resonance is accomplished by the method of multiple scales. On accounting for higher-order effectsof quadratic/cubic nonlinearities, approximate closed form solutions of nonlinear amplitudes, frequencies and dynamic configurations of resonant nonlinear normal modes reveal the dependence of cable response on resonant/nonresonant modal contributions. Depending on simplifying kinematic modeling and assigned system parameters, approximate horizontal/inclined cable models are thoroughly validated by numerically evaluating statics and non-planar/planar linear/non-linear dynamics against those of the exact model. Moreover, the modal coupling role and contribution of system longitudinal dynamics are discussed for horizontal cables, showing some meaningful effects due to kinematic condensation

Persistent wheeze in infants: A guide for general pediatricians

Infants with persistent wheeze is a common diagnostic challenge for the general pediatrician because of the broad differential diagnoses. The initial diagnostic approach should include a comprehensive history, physical examination, and chest radiography. Additional testing may be warranted. Involvement of a pediatric pulmonary subspecialist may also be indicated

Human Parechovirus Infections in Monkeys with Diarrhea, China

Information about human parechovirus (HPeV) infection in animals is scant. Using 5′ untranslated region reverse transcription–PCR, we detected HPeV in feces of monkeys with diarrhea and sequenced the complete genome of 1 isolate (SH6). Monkeys may serve as reservoirs for zoonotic HPeV transmissions and as models for studies of HPeV pathogenesis