Risk factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age attending a health center in chachapoyas, Peru

Desenho do estudo: Estudo retrospectivo de casos-controle. Objetivo: Identificar fatores de risco entre as características sociodemográficas, nutricionais e de saúde associados à anemia por deficiência de ferro em crianças menores de cinco anos de idade, atendendo à clínica de crescimento e desenvolvimento do Centro de Saúde Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas durante 2019. Método: Foram formados dois grupos, cada um formado por 50 crianças. O grupo 1 (G1, casos) eram crianças diagnosticadas com anemia por deficiência de ferro e um grupo controle (GC) de crianças saudáveis, com idade compatível, residentes na mesma jurisdição. Os dados foram coletados dos registros médicos do centro de saúde, em uma ficha de registro estruturada com base nas variáveis do estudo: idade, peso ao nascer, doenças parasitárias ou sintomas associados, como diarréia, freqüência e tipo de alimentação antes e depois dos seis meses de idade. Os dados foram agrupados em tabelas de contingência para o cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR), e a significância estatística foi estimada pela análise de variância (ANOVA) com 95% de confiança. Resultados: Todos os fatores considerados apresentaram associação significativa p<0,05, com exceção do sexo, no que diz respeito à presença de anemia em crianças. Com valores OR de: menos de 32 meses de idade (OR=2,26, 95% CI 0,59-2,79), menos de 2900 g de peso ao nascer (OR=2,98, 95% CI 0,43-2,99), amamentação exclusiva prolongada (OR=3,14, 95% CI 1. 55-3. 88), ablactação precoce (OR=4,96, 95% CI 1,27-5,07), baixo consumo de alimentos de origem animal (3,5, 95% CI 1,18-3,61), baixo consumo de frutas e vegetais (2,33, 95% CI 0,86-2,63), entre outros. Conclusão: Na população de Chachapoyas, os fatores considerados no estudo aumentam em mais de 93% o risco de desenvolver anemia em crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. Sua probabilidade de ocorrência justifica uma reavaliação das estratégias aplicadas nos diferentes programas ou intervenções realizadas na área para o controle e prevenção da anemia.Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia.Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia

Risk factors associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under 5 years of age attending a health center in Chachapoyas, Peru.

Study Design: Retrospective case-control study. Objective: To identify risk factors among sociodemographic, nutritional and health characteristics associated with iron deficiency anemia in children under five years of age, attending the growth and development clinic of the Nueve de Enero de Chachapoyas Health Center during 2019.  Methods: Two groups were formed, each consisting of 50 children. Group 1 (G1, cases) were children diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and a control group (CG) of age-matched healthy children residing in the same jurisdiction. Data were collected from the medical records of the health center, in a structured record card based on the study variables: age, birth weight, parasitic diseases or associated symptomatologies such as diarrhea, frequency and type of feeding before and after six months of age. The data were grouped in contingency tables for the calculation of Odds Ratio (OR), and statistical significance was estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence. Results: All the factors considered presented significant association p<0.05, with the exception of sex, with respect to the presence of anemia in children. With OR values of: under 32 months of age (OR=2.26, 95% CI 0.59-2.79), under 2900 g birth weight (OR=2.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.99), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (OR=3.14, 95% CI 1. 55-3.88), early ablactation (OR=4.96, 95% CI 1.27-5.07), low consumption of foods of animal origin (3.5, 95% CI 1.18-3.61), low consumption of fruits and vegetables (2.33, 95% CI 0.86-2.63), among others. Conclusions: In the population of Chachapoyas, the factors considered in the study increase the risk of developing anemia in children under five years of age by more than 93%. Its probability of occurrence warrants a reevaluation of the strategies applied in the different programs or interventions carried out in the area for the control and prevention of anemia

Estilos de aprendizaje en estudiantes de estomatología, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, 2019

The present research was quantitative, univariate, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional; where the objective was to determine which learning styles predominate in the students of Stomatology of the Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, 2019. A sample of 59 students enrolled in the academic semester 2019 - II was used, data was collected using the Honey Alonso questionnaire of Learning Styles (CHAEA) which had a reliability of 0.837 by Cronbach's Alpha. The results showed that the predominant learning style is the theoretical with 23.7% of university participants, followed by the combination of styles (active - theoretical - pragmatic) with 22%, while the reflective was of less predominance with 1.7%, the active learning style obtained very high preference of the students with 33. 9%, the reflective learning style had a moderate preference with 54.2%, while the theoretical learning style reached a preference of moderate and high with a percentage of 32.2% of students, and the pragmatic style had a very high preference of students with 33.9%. In conclusion, the learning style with the highest predominance was the theoretical one in the study sample.La presente investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, univariado, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal; donde se planteó como objetivo determinar que estilos de aprendizaje predominan en los estudiantes de Estomatología de la Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza, Chachapoyas, 2019. Se utilizó una muestra de 59 estudiantes matriculados en el semestre académico 2019 – II, se recolectó los datos mediante el cuestionario de Honey Alonso de Estilos de Aprendizaje (CHAEA) que tuvo una confiabilidad de 0.837 por Alfa de Cronbach. Los resultados demostraron que el estilo de aprendizaje predominante es el teórico con 23.7% de universitarios participantes, seguido de la combinación de estilos (activo – teórico – pragmático) con 22%, mientras que el reflexivo fue de menor predominio con 1.7%, el estilo de aprendizaje activo obtuvo preferencia muy alta de los estudiantes con 33.9%, el estilo de aprendizaje reflexivo tuvo preferencia moderada con 54.2%, mientras que el estilo de aprendizaje teórico alcanzó preferencia de moderado y alto en porcentaje de 32.2% de educandos, además en el estilo pragmático se presentó una preferencia de muy alto de los estudiantes con 33.9%. En conclusión, el estilo de aprendizaje con mayor predominio fue el teórico en la muestra de estudio

Analgesia Postoperatoria personalizada en el manejo del dolor en Pacientes Quirúrgicos, Hospital Público de Chachapoyas

Quantitative, experimental, prospective and longitudinal research aimed at determining the effectiveness of personalized postoperative analgesia in the management of pain in surgical patients, public hospital of Chachapoyas, a sample of 72 patients who underwent surgery was used, data was collected using the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS), which evaluates from 0 to 10 points and was analyzed by ANOVA for repeated measures. It was found that the most predominant age was between 64-70 years with 27.8%, 62.5% were male, 43.1% were operated on for cholecystectomy being this the highest percentage and 58.3% were treated postoperatively with local anesthetics, pain intensity scores 12 hours after management with personalized analgesia during the postoperative period (x̄ = 6. 85; σ= 1.057) were higher than those at 24 hours postoperatively (x̄ = 4.69; σ= 0.642; p &lt;0.001; 95% CI [1.797- 2.511]), likewise they were higher than those at 72 hours postoperatively (x̄ = 2. 06; σ= 0.669; p&lt;0.001; 95% CI [4.456- 5.127]); and the pain intensity at 24 hours postoperatively were higher than the 72-hour results (p&lt;0.001; 95% CI [2.390- 2.888]). Therefore, it is concluded that statistically significant differences exist between the pain intensity measures of postoperative patients at the 12-hour, 24-hour and 72-hour times with a large effect size F (1.765) = 685.252; p &lt; 0.001; η2= 0.906; β -1 =1.Investigación cuantitativa, experimental, prospectivo y longitudinal que tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la analgesia postoperatoria personalizada en el manejo del dolor en pacientes quirúrgicos, hospital público de Chachapoyas, se utilizó una muestra de 72 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente, se recolectó los datos mediante la Escala visual análoga del dolor (EVA), que evalúa de 0 a 10 puntos y se analizó mediante ANOVA para medidas repetidas. Se encontró que la edad más predominante fue entre 64-70 años con 27.8%, el 62.5% fueron de sexo masculino, el 43.1% fueron intervenidos de colecistectomía siendo este el mayor porcentaje y el 58.3% fueron tratados en el postoperatorio con anestésicos locales, las puntuaciones de la intensidad del dolor a las 12 horas del manejo con analgesia personalizada durante el postoperatorio (x̄ = 6.85; σ= 1.057) fueron mayores a las de 24 horas del postoperatorio (x̄ = 4.69; σ= 0.642; p &lt;0.001; IC 95% [1.797- 2.511]), así mismo fueron mayores a las de 72 horas postoperatorio (x̄ = 2.06; σ= 0.669; p &lt;0.001; IC 95% [4.456- 5.127]); y la intensidad del dolor a las 24 horas postoperatorio fueron mayores que los resultados de 72 horas (p &lt;0.001; IC 95% [2.390- 2.888]). Por lo tanto, se concluye que existe diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las medidas de la intensidad del dolor de los pacientes postoperados en los tiempos de 12 horas, 24 horas y 72 horas con un tamaño de efecto grande F (1.765) = 685.252; p &lt; 0.001; η2= 0.906; β -1 =1

Efectividad de la Técnica de Mohan P. Desarda modificada en Herniorrafía Inguinal, Hospital Público de Chachapoyas

Quantitative, explanatory, longitudinal research with epidemiological design of longitudinal cohort with the objective of determining the effectiveness of the modified Mohan Desarda technique in inguinal herniorrhaphy, public hospital of Chachapoyas, a sample of 50 patients who underwent surgery for inguinal herniorrhaphy was used, followed for 30 days to observe the post-surgical complications that were collected through the clinical evaluation form and analyzed by Cox regression. It was found that 32% of the patients were between 60-65 years old and 58.0% were male, 54.0% were operated by Lichtenstein and 46.0% by the Modified Desarda technique, 44.0% presented post-surgical complications, being 26.0% operated by Lichtenstein and 18.0% by Modified Desarda, 31.8% operated by Lichtenstein presented post-surgical complications of seroma, while 18. The Modified Desarda technique decreases the risk of post-surgical complications being a protective factor HR= 0.158; 95% CI 0.049- 0.507; p= 0.002, moreover, the more age increases the risk of complications is 1.250 and the more glucose levels increase the risk of complications is 1.658. Therefore, it is concluded that the patients operated by Modified Desarda have a longer survival time being effective in inguinal herniorrhaphy.Investigación cuantitativa, explicativo, longitudinal con diseño epidemiológico de cohorte longitudinal que tuvo como objetivo determinar la efectividad de la técnica de Mohan Desarda modificada en herniorrafía inguinal, hospital público de Chachapoyas, se utilizó una muestra de 50 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por herniorrafía inguinal, se siguió por 30 días para observar las complicaciones postquirúrgicas que se recolectó mediante la ficha de evaluación clínica y se analizó mediante una regresión de Cox. Se encontró que el 32% de los pacientes tuvieron entre 60- 65 años y el 58.0% fueron de sexo masculino, el 54.0% fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente por Lichtenstein y el 46.0% por la técnica Desarda Modificada, el 44.0% presentó complicaciones postquirúrgicas, siendo el 26.0% intervenidos por Lichtenstein y el 18.0% por Desarda Modificada, el 31.8% intervenidos por Lichtenstein presentaron complicaciones postquirúrgicas de seroma, mientras que el 18.2% intervenidos por Desarda Modificada tuvieron complicaciones de seroma, la técnica Desarda Modificada disminuye el riesgo de complicaciones postquirúrgicas siendo un factor protector HR= 0.158; IC 95% 0.049- 0.507; p= 0.002, además cuanto más aumenta la edad existe 1.250 más riesgo de complicaciones y cuanto más aumenta los niveles de glucosa el riesgo de complicaciones es de 1.658. Por lo tanto, se concluye que los pacientes intervenidos por Desarda Modificada tienen mayor tiempo de supervivencia siendo efectiva en herniorrafía inguina

Expectativas de estudio de posgrado de agremiados del Colegio Odontológico Región Amazonas, Perú

Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional research that had as an objective to know the expectations of postgraduate study of the members of the Colegio Odontológico Región Amazonas, Perú 2021, whose sample was 215 dental surgeons who were surveyed by means of a questionnaire whose validity by experts was Binomial test = 0.0094 and reliability by Ruder Richardson (KR 20) = 0.740. The results showed that 82.8% of the members would study a postgraduate degree to solve the needs of the community, 78.6% to be linked to higher social strata and 64.7% to have a high level of training and talent for professional experience, in addition 86.55 would like to study the specialty in Oral Rehabilitation, 78.6% in Medicine and stomatological pathology, 76.7% in Orthodontics and maxillary orthopedics, 70.7% in maxillofacial surgery, 69.7% in forensic dentistry, 70.7% in maxillofacial surgery and 69.7% in forensic dentistry. Also, 55.8% stated that they would like to study a master's degree in Management and Health Services Management and 51.2% a master's degree in Dentistry, while 48.1% stated that they would like to study a doctorate in dentistry, and 52.6% stated their desire to study in a national, 52.1% local and 50.7% international graduate school. Therefore, it is concluded that the expectations of dental surgeons to study a postgraduate degree is a necessity to serve the community and acquire new knowledge.&nbsp;Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva y transversal que tuvo como objetivo conocer las expectativas de estudio de posgrado de los agremiados del Colegio Odontológico Región Amazonas, Perú 2021, cuya muestra fue 215 cirujanos dentistas que fueron encuestados mediante un cuestionario cuya validez por expertos fue prueba Binomial= 0.0094 y la confiabilidad por Ruder Richardson (KR 20) = 0.740. Los resultados evidenciaron que EL 82.8% de los agremiados estudiarían un posgrado para solucionar las necesidades de la comunidad, el 78.6% para vincularse en estratos sociales más altos y el 64.7% para tener un alto nivel de formación y talento para la experiencia profesional, además el 86.55 desearían estudiar la especialidad en Rehabilitación Oral, el 78.6% en Medicina y patología estomatológica, el 76.7% en Ortodoncia y ortopedia maxilar, el 70.7% en Cirugía maxilofacial, el 69.7% en odontología forense, el 64.2% en Odontopediatria y el 58.1% en endodoncia siendo los indicadores más importantes, también el 55.8% manifestaron que les gustaría estudiar la maestría en Gerencia y Gestión en los Servicios de Salud y el 51.2% maestría en Odontología, mientras que 48.1% manifestaron que estudiarían un doctorado en odontología, además el 52.6% manifestaron su deseo de estudiar en una escuela de posgrado Nacional, el 52.1% Local y el 50.7% Internacional. Por lo tanto, se concluye que las expectativas de los cirujanos dentistas en estudiar un posgrado es una necesidad para el servicio a la comunidad y adquirir nuevos conocimientos.&nbsp

Ética odontológica en el ejercicio profesional de los cirujanos dentistas de Chachapoyas, 2020

A quantitative, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional research was carried out with the objective of determining the importance of dental ethics in the professional practice of dental surgeons in Chachapoyas, 2020; the information was collected by means of a survey applied to 60 dental surgeons working in private practice in the city of Chachapoyas. The results show that 41.66% of those surveyed had a high level of knowledge of ethics, 48.33% had a medium level of knowledge, and 48.33% had a high level of knowledge. On the other hand, when dental surgeons were surveyed on the application of ethics prior to the issuance of a treatment plan, 80% of dental surgeons indicated that they did apply ethical principles prior to the issuance of a treatment plan, while only 20% of dental surgeons mentioned that they did not apply ethical principles prior to the issuance of a treatment plan. It is concluded that dental surgeons in Chachapoyas do apply ethics in their professional practice, but that there is still a small group of dental surgeons who do not do so.Se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal; la cual tuvo como objetivo determinar la importancia de la ética odontológica en el ejercicio profesional de los cirujanos dentistas de Chachapoyas, 2020; se recolectó la información mediante una encuesta aplicado a 60 cirujanos dentistas que laboran en la práctica privada en la ciudad de Chachapoyas. Los resultados evidencian que el 41.66% de los encuestados presenta nivel de conocimiento alto sobre ética, el 48.33% presenta nivel de conocimiento medio y el 10% de los cirujanos dentistas presenta un nivel de conocimiento sobre ética bajo, por otro lado al encuestar a los cirujanos dentistas sobre aplicación de la ética previo a la emisión de un plan de tratamiento, el 80% de cirujanos dentistas indica que si aplica los principios éticos previo a la emisión de un plan de tratamiento, mientras que solo el 20% de los cirujanos dentistas, menciona que no aplica los principios éticos previo a la emisión de un plan de tratamiento. Concluyendo que los cirujanos dentistas de Chachapoyas si aplican la ética en su ejercicio profesional, pero que hay todavía un grupo reducidos de cirujanos dentistas que no lo realiza