Pengaruh Waktu Annealing Lapisan Tipis ZnO Terhadap Efisiensi Sel Surya Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)

Telah diteliti pengaruh lama annealing lapisan tipis ZnO terhadap efisiensi Dye Sensitized Solar Cells. Lapisan ZnO yang ditumbuhkan kemudian di-annealing menggunakan furnace. Annealing dilakukan pada temperatur 450o C dengan  durasi 1 - 5 jam.  Lapisan ZnO yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan I-V Test, UV-VIS, dan XRD.  Karakterisasi I-V menunjukkan bahwa efisiensi tertinggi 1,98% didapatkan pada sampel yang di-annealing selama 5 jam yang menghasilkan Voc 263 mV, Isc 0,274 mA, Pmax 27,05 μW, dan Fill Factor (FF) 0,37 ketika diiluminasi dengan intensitas cahaya 300 lux.  Energi gap yang didapatkan dari karakterisasi UV-VIS sebesar 3,37 – 3,49 eV, sesuai dengan energi gap lapisan ZnO.  Karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa struktur yang dihasilkan pada waktu annealing 2 jam adalah cubic dan pada waktu annealing 5 jam adalah hexagonal.  Efisiensi tertinggi dihasilkan pada elektroda kerja lapisan ZnO yaitu sebesar 1,98% pada annealing 5 jam sedangkan efisien terendah 0,69% yaitu pada annealing 1 jam. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa lama waktu annealing mempengaruhi efisiensi DSSC. The effect of annealing time on ZnO thin film of the Efficiency of Dye- Sensitized Solar Cell has been investigated. The grown ZnO films were annealed in a furnace for 1 - 5 hours at a temperature of 450oC. The deposited ZnO films were characterized using the I-V test, UV-VIS, and XRD.  The I-V test shows that the highest of efficiency value of 1.98% was obtained for the sample annealed 5 hours with Voc 263 mV, Isc 0,274 mA, Pmax 27,05 μW, and Fill Factor (FF) was 0,37 when illuminated with 300 lux light intensity. The bandgap width obtained from UV-Vis spectra is 3,37 – 3,49 eV, which agrees with the energy gap of ZnO film. The XRD characterization indicated that the ZnO annealed for 2 hours has a cubic structure, while that was annealed for 5 hours is hexagonal. The highest efficiency of DSSC with ZnO electrode layer was 1.98% obtained for the sample annealed for 5 hours, whereas the lowest efficiency 0.69% was obtained for the sample annealed for 1 hour. This result indicates that longer annealing time increases the efficiency of DSS

Multislice computed tomography is useful for evaluating partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection

Volume-rendered images, derived from multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT), can facilitate assessment of the morphology of partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection and are thus useful in pre-operative planning to prevent surgical morbidity and assist post-operative evaluations

PENGARUH WAKTU ANNEALING LAPISAN TIPIS ZnO TERHADAP EFISIENSI SEL SURYA DYE SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS (DSSC)

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh waktu annealing lapisan tipis ZnO terhadap efisiensi Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) yang betujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai efisiensi DSSC dan mengetahui waktu terbaik berdasarkan efisiensi yang dihasilkan. Fotoanoda DSSC dibuat dalam bentuk lapisan ZnO. Pembuatan lapisan ZnO diawali dengan pencampuran bahan Borid Acid dan Polietilena Glikol 6000 (PEG 6000) yang kemudian ditumbuhkan menggunakan metode Liquid Phase Deposition (LPD) selama 10 jam pada suhu 90oC diatas permukaan substrak kaca Indium doped Tin Oxide (ITO). Lapisan ZnO yang telah tumbuh kemudian di annealing menggunakan furnace. Waktu annealing divariasikan 1 jam, 2 jam, 3 jam, 4 jam, dan 5 jam. Temperatur annealing yang digunakan sebesar 450oC. Lapisan ZnO yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan I-V Test, UV-VIS, dan XRD. Karakterisasi I-V Test menunjukkan bahwa nilai efisiensi tertinggi 1,98% yang dimiliki waktu annealing 5 jam pada Voc 263 mV, Isc 0,274 mA, Pmax 27,05 μW, intensitas cahaya sebesar 300 lux, dan Fill Factor (FF) sebesar 0,37. Energi gap yang didapatkan dari karakterisasi UV-VIS sebesar 3,37 eV – 3,49 eV, sesuai dengan energi gap lapisan ZnO . Karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa struktur yang dihasilkan pada waktu annealing 2 jam adalah cubic dan pada waktu annealing 5 jam adalah hexagonal. Ukuran kristal yang didapatkan dengan metode scherer adalah 30,73 nm untuk annealing 2 jam dan 24,62 nm untuk annealing 5 jam. Efisiensi tertinggi dihasilkan pada elektroda kerja lapisan ZnO yaitu sebesar 1,98% pada saat waktu annealing 5 jam sedangkan efisien terendah 0,69% yaitu pada saat waktu annealing 1 jam. Sehingga proses waktu annealing mampu meningkatkan efisiensi sel surya DSSC tersebut. Kata kunci : fotoanoda, efisiensi, lapisan ZnO, waktu annealin

The association between activities of daily living and long hours of care provided by informal caregivers using a nationally representative survey in Japan

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Experience of After-Effect of Memory Update Reduces Sensitivity to Errors During Sensory-Motor Adaptation Task

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Oral Local Anesthesia Successfully Ameliorated Neuropathic Pain in an Upper Limb Suggesting Pain Alleviation through Neural Plasticity within the Central Nervous System: A Case Report

Neural blockades are considered an alternative to pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain although these blockades elicit limited effects. We encountered a patient with postbrachial plexus avulsion injury pain, which was refractory to conventional treatments but disappeared temporarily with the administration of the local anesthetic lidocaine around the left mandibular molar tooth during dental treatments. This analgesic effect on neuropathic pain by oral local anesthesia was reproducible. Under conditions of neuropathic pain, cerebral somatotopic reorganization in the sensorimotor cortices of the brain has been observed. Either expansion or shrinkage of the somatotopic representation of a deafferentated body part correlates with the degree of neuropathic pain. In our case, administration of an oral local anesthetic shrank the somatotopic representation of the mouth, which is next to the upper limb representation and thereby expanded the upper limb representation in a normal manner. Consequently, oral local anesthesia improved the pain in the upper limb. This case suggests that pain alleviation through neural plasticity within the brain is related to neural blockade

Effect of Spinal Cord Stimulation on Gait in a Patient with Thalamic Pain

Thalamic pain is a central neuropathic pain disorder which occurs after stroke. Its severe chronic pain is often intractable to pharmacotherapies and affects the patients’ activities of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL). Recently, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been reported to be effective in relieving the pain of thalamic pain; however, the effect of SCS on gait performance in patients is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the gait performance before and after SCS in a case with thalamic pain. A 73-year-old male with thalamic pain participated in this study. We evaluated the gait of the patient two times: before SCS insertion and after 6 days of SCS. At the second evaluation, we measured the gait in three conditions: stimulation off, comfortable stimulation, and strong stimulation. SCS succeeded in improving the pain from 7 to 2 on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Step frequency and the velocity of gait tended to increase between pre- and poststimulation periods. There were no apparent differences in gait among the three stimulation conditions (off, comfortable, and strong) at the poststimulation period. SCS may be effective on gait in patients with thalamic pain

Using a double-plicated posterior leaflet as an anchor for mitral valve replacement: a case of mitral annular calcification

We present a 62-year-old man with mitral regurgitation whose posterior annulus had severe calcification. Mitral valve replacement was performed by anchoring the cuff on a double-plicated posterior leaflet, and reinforcing with an equine pericardium. The patient is doing well 13 years after surgery with echocardiography showing no problems

Efficacy of a trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force on low back load during level walking in elderly persons

PURPOSE: The effects of lumbosacral and spinal orthoses on low back pain and gait are not exactly clear. We previously developed a trunk orthosis with joints providing resistive force on low back load to decrease such load, and confirmed its positive effects during level walking in healthy young adults. Therefore, we aimed to determine the efficacy of this trunk orthosis during level walking in healthy elderly subjects. METHODS: Fifteen community-dwelling elderly subjects performed level walking at a self-selected speed without an orthosis, with our orthosis, and with a lumbosacral orthosis. Kinematic and kinetic data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, and erector spinae activity was recorded by electromyography. RESULTS: When comparing the three conditions, our orthosis showed the following effects: it decreased the peak extension moment, increased the peak flexion moment, decreased the lateral bending angle, increased the peak thoracic extension angle, and had significantly lower erector spinae activity and significantly larger peak pelvic forward tilt angles. CONCLUSION: Our orthosis with joints providing resistive force decreased low back load and modified trunk and pelvis alignments during level walking in healthy elderly people