A cross sectional study of liver function tests in normal pregnancy during third trimester: a treasure from the past

Background: During pregnancy, a lot of changes do occur and affect every organ system in the body. Objective of the study was to find out expected variations, if any, in liver function tests (LFT) in normal pregnancy during the third trimester.Methods: A total of 75 women aged between 20 to 35 years were enrolled in the study of which 25 were non-pregnant women (control group) and 50 were pregnant women in their third trimester (study group).Results: In the study group, there were no changes in SGPT, serum albumen and serum globulin values in any of the subjects. However out of 50 subjects, a rise in serum alkaline phosphatase could be demonstrated in as many as 44 (88%) subjects. In 10 (20%) subject Serum Bilirubin was high and in 6 (12%) subjects each a rise in SGOT and fall in Serum Proteins could be demonstrated.Conclusions: Except for a significant change in serum phosphatase levels, there is no significant variation in any of the liver function tests in third trimester of pregnancy

SITTING VERSUS LATERAL POSITION FOR INDUCTION OF SPINAL ANESTHESIA IN ELDERLY PATIENTS – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL

Objectives: To compare the effect of induction position (sitting versus lateral) for spinal anaesthesia in the elderly patient on hemodynamic, sensory block and motor block characteristics and patient satisfaction.Material and methods: Randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia for lower abdominal, pelvic, lower limb and urological surgeries aged more than 60 years. Hyperbaric Bupivacain (0.05%) was injected into the spinal space while the patients were either in sitting or lateral position. Effects on hemodynamic parameters, sensory block and motor block characteristics and patient satisfaction were analysed.Results: Induction position for spinal anaesthesia does not affect the hemodynamic parameters and incidence of adverse effects when adequate preloading is done. There was no statistically significant difference in the sensory level and motor level achieved. However lateral position appears to be more comfortable for elderly patients (P= 0.03).Conclusions: Induction position for administration of spinal anaesthesia has no effect on hemodynamic parameters or block characteristics except that patients feel more comfortable in lateral position.Keywords: Spinal anesthesia, Induction position, Hyperbaric bupivacaine

Utility of second trimester beta HCG levels in prediction of gestational hypertension: a prospective cohort study

Background: Gestational hypertension is a significant threat both to maternal and fetal health. However, it is still a distant dream to predict accurately its occurrence in early pregnancy. Objective was to find out if β HCG levels determined between 13 to 20 weeks of gestation can be used as a predictor for gestational hypertension.Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted from August 2014 to January 2016. Serum β HCG levels were determined at 13 to 20 weeks of gestation of 190 normotensive pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics. They were followed for the development of gestational hypertension till 40 weeks of gestation or delivery.Results: Out of the total 190 women, 25 (13.1%) developed gestation hypertension. Of those who developed gestational hypertension, 22 (88%) were having β HCG levels >2 MOM (p2 MOM were 83.3, 96.9, 80.0 and 97.5 respectively (95% CI).Conclusions: Pregnant women with high Beta HCG levels in early pregnancy have significantly higher risk for development of gestational hypertension

CLINICAL PROFILE AND OUTCOME OF NEONATES ADMITTED TO A SECONDARY-LEVEL NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT IN NORTH INDIA

  Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a secondary-level neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Methods: A total of 336 neonates were enrolled in the study. Their clinical profiles at admission and final outcomes were recorded in a predesigned pro forma.Results: Hyperbilirubinemia, sepsis, and perinatal asphyxia were the most common reasons for admission. Eighty-five percentage of the neonates could be managed in secondary-level newborn unit with comparable mortality and mortality to a tertiary-level newborn care unit.Conclusion: Strengthening of secondary newborn care units is a viable option that will help to decrease the burden of tertiary-level NICUs

Report Generation of Lungs Diseases From Chest X-ray using NLP

Pulmonary diseases are very severe health complications in the world that impose a massive worldwide health burden. These diseases comprise of pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, Covid-19, cancer, etc. The evidences show that around 65 million people undergo the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nearly 3 million people pass away from it each year that make it the third prominent reason of death worldwide. To decrease the burden of lungs diseases timely diagnosis is very essential. Computer-aided diagnostic, are systems that support doctors in the analysis of medical images. This study showcases that Report Generation System has automated the     Chest X-Ray interpretation procedure and lessen human effort, consequently helped the people for timely diagnoses of chronic lungs diseases to decrease the death rate. This system provides great relief for people in rural areas where the doctor-to-patient ratio is only 1 doctor per 1300 people. As a result, after utilizing this application, the affected individual can seek further therapy for the ailment they have been diagnosed with. The proposed system is supposed to be used in the distinct architecture of deep learning (Deep Convolution Neural Network), this is fine tuned to CNN-RNN trainable end-to-end architecture. By using the patient-wise official split of the OpenI dataset we have trained a CNN-RNN model with attention. Our model achieved an accuracy of 94%, which is the highest performance. Full Tex

Report Generation of Lungs Diseases From Chest X-ray using NLP

Pulmonary diseases are very severe health complications in the world that impose a massive worldwide health burden. These diseases comprise of pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, Covid-19, cancer, etc. The evidences show that around 65 million people undergo the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nearly 3 million people pass away from it each year that make it the third prominent reason of death worldwide. To decrease the burden of lungs diseases timely diagnosis is very essential. Computer-aided diagnostic, are systems that support doctors in the analysis of medical images. This study showcases that Report Generation System has automated the     Chest X-Ray interpretation procedure and lessen human effort, consequently helped the people for timely diagnoses of chronic lungs diseases to decrease the death rate. This system provides great relief for people in rural areas where the doctor-to-patient ratio is only 1 doctor per 1300 people. As a result, after utilizing this application, the affected individual can seek further therapy for the ailment they have been diagnosed with. The proposed system is supposed to be used in the distinct architecture of deep learning (Deep Convolution Neural Network), this is fine tuned to CNN-RNN trainable end-to-end architecture. By using the patient-wise official split of the OpenI dataset we have trained a CNN-RNN model with attention. Our model achieved an accuracy of 94%, which is the highest performance. Full Tex

Activity and Anti-Aflatoxigenic Effect of Indigenously Characterized Probiotic Lactobacilli against <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>—A Common Poultry Feed Contaminant

Aflatoxin contamination in human food and animal feed is a threat to public safety. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) can be especially damaging to poultry production and consequently economic development of Pakistan. The present study assessed the in vitro binding of AFB1 by indigenously characterized probiotic lactobacilli. Six isolates (Lactobacillus gallinarum PDP 10, Lactobacillus reuetri FYP 38, Lactobacillus fermentum PDP 24, Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 53, Lactobacillus paracasei PL 120, and Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 149) were tested for activity against toxigenic Aspergillus flavus W-7.1 (AFB1 producer) by well diffusion assay. Only three isolates (PL 53, PL 120, and PL 149) had activity against A. flavus W-7.1. The ameliorative effect of these probiotic isolates on AFB1 production was determined by co-culturing fungus with lactobacilli for 12 days, followed by aflatoxin quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography. In vitro AFB1 binding capacities of lactobacilli were determined by their incubation with a standard amount of AFB1 in phosphate buffer saline at 37 &#176;C for 2 h. AFB1 binding capacities of isolates ranged from 28&#8211;65%. Four isolates (PDP 10, PDP 24, PL 120, and PL 149) also ceased aflatoxin production completely, whereas PL 53 showed 55% reduction in AFB1 production as compared to control. The present study demonstrated Lactobacillus gallinarum PL 149 to be an effective candidate AFB1 binding agent against Aspergillus flavus. These findings further support the binding ability of lactic acid bacteria for dietary contaminants

Prediction and Identification of Covariates of Intra-cerebral Hemorrhage

The authors investigate the effects of clinical covariates upon the outcome of Intra-cerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) patients by applying a discriminate model of logistic regression. About 985 patients's data with ICH have been collected using the International classification of diseases; ninth revision codes are also included. Diagnostic codes (434 for stroke and 431 for ICH) were used to identify patients and confirmed by neuro-imaging of the patients using CT scan and MRI. A univariate analysis of 88 covariates was undertaken and 46 of them reached statistical significance at an acceptable level of p &lt; 0.05. The multivariable analysis exhibited a significant negative relationship between ICH and hypertension. The improvement among ICH patients having hypertension was found to be 0.5 with the p=0.001, ARR=0.5, 95% C.I. 0.3 - 0.8. The development among ICH patients using antihypertensive medicine was 1.3 with p = 0.021, ARR=1.3, 95% C.I. 1.0 - 1.6. Thus present study manifested that ICH has strong relationship with use of antihypertensive medicine. The rate of perfection in the patients physiological conditions using antihypertensive medicine at the time of discharge was 2.9 times acquiring p &lt; 0.001, ARR=2.9, 95% C.I. 2.7 - 3.2 as compared to those who could not use antihypertensive medicine. The change in ARR from 1.3 to 2.9 times depict that the exercise of antihypertensive medicine and ICH outcome are positively associated. The fluctuations in ARR of hypertensive range of systolic blood pressure (SBP) also indicate that the blood pressure range and ICH outcome are negatively correlated. The neurological symptomoatology, indistinct speech and double vision are important factors of proposed models. Moreover, a clear decrease was found in mental status from normal to coma in most suitable model. Surgery is an important part of recovery, and estimated that the improvement among the ICH patients, who were treated under surgical aspects, was 1.4 times with significant p-value in the best models. The complication of pneumonia during treatment of ICH subjects has highly significant showing negative correlation with the given outcome variable. The current model has 89.3% area under the curve with sensitivity (82.6%), specificity (81.3%) and p-value (0.308). This indicates that the constructed model bestows the well performance of the ICH outcome and the model is considered as excellent