In vitro effects of various plants extracts on the growth of Trichomonas vaginalis

Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a protozoan parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. This disease, with roughly 170 million new infected people worldwide per year, is associated with various problems such as pre-term delivery, high infant mortality or low birth weight. In addition, trichomoniasis increases patient susceptibility to HIV infection. The mainstay medication for trichomoniasis is metronidazole, but some resistant strains to this treatment have been identified. Moreover, treatment with metronidazole is associated with numerous side effects. Thus efforts to identify new alternative drugs in order to control trichomoniasis are vital. The use of medicinal herbs has gained widespread acceptance in both developing and non-developing societies because of owing to fewer side effects and better patient tolerance. In our search for alternative drugs in the treatment of trichomoniasis, we reviewed the effect of different plant extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers

Production of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) from titanium ores: A review

Titanium (Ti) is the ninth most abundant element on earth. The titanium mineral ores are widely distributed in different parts of the world. The two main ores of titanium include rutile (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeO.TiO2). It is aimed to provide the readers with an insight to the main processes currently employed to extract and recover titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) from different titanium ores. Due to the crucial importance of TiCl4 catalyst in the synthesis and polymerization of polyolefins, the present work examines the literature and developments made in the processing of ilmenite and rutile ores for the extraction of TiCl4. The attention has been paid to the chlorination processes and the main parameters affecting the recovery of TiCl4. Different approaches developed to date are reviewed. Different processes, reaction mechanisms and conditions as well as the kinetic models developed for extraction and purification of TiCl4 in fluidized bed reactors are also reviewed. A literature survey on the combined fluidized bed reactor systems developed for achieving a high-grade synthetic rutile via selective chlorination of low-grade titanium ores having high metal oxides content such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) is also reported. Different strategies adopted to avoid agglomeration process during the extraction process are discussed too

Development of a Latex Agglutination Test as a Simple and Rapid Method for Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection.

Trichomoniasis is a worldwide infection and due to its complications rapid and accurate diagnosis of infection especially in pregnant women is very important. In this study, development of a latex agglutination test using native antigens for rapid diagnosis of trichomoniasis is investigated. Trichomonas vaginalis was harvested from TYIS33 culture medium and anti Trichomonas vaginalis antiserum was raised in rabbits. Salt precipitation method was used for antibody purification. Polyesteren latex particles coated with purified antibody and used for detection of Trichomonas vaginalis. Clinical samples of vaginal discharge were collected from 500 women and examined for Trichomonas vaginalis by using wet mount, culture and latex agglutination tests. Sensitivity and specificity of latex test was determined considering culture as golden standard. Sensitivity and specificity of latex agglutination test was 100% and 81% and those of wet mount were 33.3% and 100%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values of latex agglutination test were 6% and 100%, respectively. Due to inconvenient sensitivity and specificity of the latex agglutination test developed in this study, further work is recommended to improve the test

Herbal Medicine in the Management of Tinnitus

Tinnitus, which is commonly defined as “ringing in the ears” by the patients, is a perception of an auditory sensation without any accompanying external stimulation. It accounts for a notable part of visits in otolaryngology clinics and has been estimated to involve about 5–15% of adult population making serious problems in 3–5% of patients. Tinnitus causes a lot of problems for patients, their family, and guardians and significantly decreases quality of life of patients. Many treatment methods have been proposed and presented for Tinnitus since the first year of diagnosis. These methods range from conservative management and chemical medications to surgical methods. As the other diseases and conditions, herbal medicine has been trying to treat Tinnitus and a variety of medications have been proposed. In this chapter, we aimed to have a comprehensive review on the current herbal medications of Tinnitus from all over the world

Effects of dietary arginine supplementation on cytokine‐ and antioxidant‐related gene expressions in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerling during ammonia toxicity

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Improving the capabilities of the physicians working in health care centers of Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province for doing applied researches

زمینه و هدف: خارج کردن پژوهش از مرز دانشکده ها و انحصار دانشگاهیان و گسترش آن در میان پزشکان، کارشناسان و کاردان ها همواره مورد دغدغه خاطر مدیران سلامت بوده است. این مطالعه با هدف توانمند سازی پزشکان در انجام تحقیقات کاربردی انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه نیمه تجربی 60 پزشک عمومی استخدام رسمی شاغل در مراکز بهداشتی درمانی استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انتخاب شدند (30 پزشک گروه شاهد 30 پزشک گروه مورد). با شرکت دادن گروه مورد در کارگاه های آموزشی، پزشکان با نحوه شناسایی و تعیین اولویت‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌های بهداشتی و درمانی و تدوین یک پروژه تحقیقاتی مداخله‌‌‌‌‌ای آشنا شدند. پس از بدست‌‌‌‌ ‌‌‌‌آوردن آمادگی لازم برای اجرای پروژه تدوین شده در بازگشت به محل کار خود با اجرای پروژه ها مجدداً در کارگاه مرحله دوم شرکت نموده و ضمن ارایه نتایج‌‌ ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌پژوهش های انجام شده با نحوه‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ نگارش مقاله علمی و سخنرانی و تهیه پوستر و انتشار نتایج آشنا شدند. قبل و پس از هر مرحله کارگاه از طریق پرسشنامه سنجش آگاهی هر دو گروه مورد و شاهد در مورد تدوین و اجرای پروژه تحقیقاتی (مرحله اول) و نحوه نگارش مقاله علمی تهیه پوستر و سخنرانی (در مرحله دوم) صورت گرفت. پس از اجرای طرح های فوق عملکرد دو گروه به کمک آزمون های مستقل و زوجی با همدیگر مقایسه گردید. یافته ها: میانگین نمره آگاهی گروه مورد قبل و بعد از مداخله در مورد تدوین و اجرای پروژه تحقیقاتی به ترتیب 24/0±23/6 و 35/2±97/12 بود (05/0

Effect of Chaerophyllum macropodum extracts on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro

Introduction: Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a protozoan parasite causing trichomoniasis or trichomonal vaginitis. The infection is considered as non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD). Metronidazole and Tinidazole are now the drugs of choice for the treatment of this infection. However, resistant to these drugs has also been reported. So it is necessary to search for effective alternative drugs with fewer side effects. Chaerophyllum macropodum (C. macropodum) plant have been used against some parasites. Therefore, in this study the effects of different extracts of this plant on T. vaginalis in culture media have been investigated. Methods: In this experimental study hydro-ethanol extracts of C. macropodum leaves were prepared. Anti-T. vaginalis activities of the extracts were tested in concentrations of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 150 mg/ml following 24, 48 and 72 hours of incubation of cultured media. Results: All extract concentrations showed some degrees of growth inhibition activity on T. vaginalis. However crude extract was more efficient. Conclusion: C. macropodum showed an anti-T. vaginalis activity. More investigations are recommended to use this plant as an antiparasitic drug

Application of Nanoliposomes Containing Nisin and Crocin in Milk

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of nanoliposomes containing crocin and nisin in milk samples as a food model. Therefore, three formulations were prepared and compared, including (1) milk samples containing free nisin and crocin, (2) samples with nanoliposomes containing nisin and crocin, and (3) nisin and crocin-loaded nanoliposomes coated with chitosan. Methods: In order to find the optimum amount of both bioactives within nanoliposomes, analyses of size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were accomplished. Then, the best formulated nanoliposome was evaluated and compared with a solution containing free bioactives and nanoliposomes coated with chitosan using other experiments, including antioxidant and antibacterial activities, viscosity, colorimetric and bacterial growth. Results: The best nanoliposomal system based on the factors of size, PDI, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency was related for the nanocarrier with 4 mg crocin, 4.5 mg nisin, and 40 mg lecithin. Based on the results obtained, both nanoliposome (a*=5.41) and chitosancoated nanoliposome (a*=5.09) solutions could significantly (P<0.05) reduce the redness of milk induced by free bioactives (a*=12.32). However, viscosity of milk in chitosan-coated nanoliposome solution was found to be higher (3.42 cP) than other formulations (viscosity of samples with free bioactives was 1.65 cP and viscosity of samples containing nanoliposome was 1.71 cP). In addition, chitosan-coated nanoliposomes could inhibit the growth of Listeria monocytogenes stronger than other samples. Conclusion: Encapsulation of nisin and crocin in nanoliposomes showed promising results for preserving food safety and quality

Air flow effect on the behavior of lock-exchange gravity current

The main goal of this study is investigating the effect of air flow above the free surface on the behavior of gravity current. Lock-release gravity current has been simulated in a channel, by using VOF method, for modeling free surface at the interface of gas and liquid phases. Eulerian approach is used to consider the presence of particles in the flow. The results of simulation with free surface assumption are in a well agreement with the previous experimental results. It is observed that the flows containing particles with larger diameter experience higher deposition rate, due to their higher terminal velocities which are 0.000129m/s, 0.000359m/s and 0.000808m/s for the particles with 12μm, 20μm and 30μm diameters respectively. Increasing the size of particles diameter leads to decrease in the driving force, the front position of flow containing particles with 30μm diameter is 11% less than that of flow containing particles with 12μm diameter, thereby the flow velocity decays quickly. The results show that the presence of particles leads to a reduction in the value of entrainment rate. It is concluded that the velocity of air-phase affects the shape of flow and instabilities. By considering three different values of 0.1m/s, 0.12m/s and 0.18m/s for the air-phase velocity, it is observed that the amount of run-out length, in the case where the air velocity is 0.18m/s, is nearly 3% more than that in other cases at the end of channel, moreover it leads to an increase in the value of entrainment rate

Study of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aurous and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from environmental samples of Hamadan educational hospitals in 2017 using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration

Background: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most important bacteria causing the nosocomial infections, which are resistant to most of the antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the drug resistance of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa strains isolated from environmental samples of Hamedan educational hospitals using disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 400 samples were collected from Hamedan educational hospitals. To assess the antibiotic susceptibility of 10 common antibiotics, the agar dilution (Kirby-Bauer) method was used. Also, to determine the MIC of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, vancomycin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics were used. Results: From a total of 400 samples, 39 (9.7) isolates were P. aeruginosa and 28 (7) were S. aureus. Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest resistance to ofloxacin (82.1) and the highest drug resistance to P. aeruginosa was related to meropenem (82). Also, the highest MIC and maximum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for S. aureus to vancomycin were 128 and 256, respectively. In P. aeruginosa, the highest MIC and MBC to ciprofloxacin were 128 and 256, respectively. Conclusion: Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa showed the highest resistance to ofloxacin and meropenem, respectively. Considering the rapid increase of antibiotic resistance, accurate evaluation of the antibiotic resistance pattern of the bacteria is required