6 research outputs found
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Breast: A Report of Two Cases
Primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) is a rare tumor with only a few case reports available in the literature. We report two cases of PMMB, one derived from the breast parenchyma and the other from the breast skin. The first case consisted of atypical epithelioid cells without overt melanocytic differentiation like melanin pigments. The tumor cells showed diffuse positivity for S100 protein, tyrosinase, and BRAF V600E. However, the tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and HMB-45. The second case showed atypical melanocytic proliferation with heavy melanin pigmentation. The tumor cells were positive for S100 protein, HMB-45, tyrosinase, and BRAF V600E. These two cases represent two distinct presentations of PMMB in terms of skin involvement, melanin pigmentation, and HMB-45 positivity. Although PMMB is very rare, the possibility of this entity should be considered in malignant epithelioid neoplasms in the breast parenchyma
New challenges in the 2011 revised middle school curriculum of South Korea: mathematical process and mathematical attitude
On-Demand Drug Release from Gold Nanoturf for a Thermo- and Chemotherapeutic Esophageal Stent
Stimuli-responsive delivery systems
for cancer therapy have been increasingly used to promote the on-demand
therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and, in some cases, simultaneously
generate heat in response to a stimulus, resulting in hyperthermia.
However, their application is still limited due to the systemic drawbacks
of intravenous delivery, such as rapid clearance from the bloodstream
and the repeat injections required for sustained safe dosage, which
can cause overdosing. Here, we propose a gold (Au)-coated nanoturf
structure as an implantable therapeutic interface for near-infrared
(NIR)-mediated on-demand hyperthermia chemotherapy. The Au nanoturf
possessed long-lasting doxorubicin (DOX) duration, which helps facilitate
drug release in a sustained and prolonged manner. Moreover, the Au-coated
nanoturf provides reproducible hyperthermia induced by localized surface
plasmon resonances under NIR irradiation. Simultaneously, the NIR-mediated
temperature increase can promote on-demand drug release at desired
time points. For <i>in vivo</i> analysis, the Au nanoturf
structure was applied on an esophageal stent, which needs sustained
anticancer treatment to prevent tumor recurrence on the implanted
surface. This thermo- and chemo-esophageal stent induced significant
cancer cell death with released drug and hyperthermia. These phenomena
were also confirmed by theoretical analysis. The proposed strategy
provides a solution to achieve enhanced thermo-/chemotherapy and has
broad applications in sustained cancer treatments