Oxide film on metal substrate reduced to form metal-oxide-metal layer structure

Electrically conductive layer of zirconium on a zirconium-oxide film residing on a zirconium substrate is formed by reducing the oxide in a sodium-calcium solution. The reduced metal remains on the oxide surface as an adherent layer and seems to form a barrier that inhibits further reaction

Should Labor Defend Worker Rights as Human Rights? A Debate

The authors debate the relative merits and drawbacks of defining the labor movement under the umbrella of human rights, and the virtues of the rights of the individual versus the solidarity of the community

Instrumentation for potentiostatic corrosion studies with distilled water

Corrosion is studied potentiostatically in the corroding environment of distilled water with an instrument that measures the potential of the corroding specimen immediately after interruption of the polarizing current. No current is flowing. The process permits compensation for IR drops when potentiostatic control is used in high resistance systems

Working on the Railroad, Walking in Beauty

"A valuable account of how the Navajo involvement in railroad labor and underlying cultural values interface. It is the sensitivity to that cultural identity that gives the work a special edge and at the same time a broad appeal. It is extremely well written and well organized. Jay Youngdahl tells a good story while applying high standards of scholarship along with an underlying humanism." Paul Zolbrod, author/translator of Din Bahan: The Navajo Creation Story. For over one hundred years, Navajos have gone to work in significant numbers on Southwestern railroads. As they took on the arduous work of laying and anchoring tracks, they turned to traditional religion to anchor their lives. Jay Youngdahl has used oral history and archival research to write a cultural history of Navajos' work on the railroad and the roles their religious traditions play in their lives of hard labor away from home

Three-Dimensional Stress Concentration Around a Cylindrical Hole in a Semi-Infinite Elastic Body

This paper contains a three-dimensional solution, exact within classical elastostatics, for the stresses and deformations arising in a half space with a semi-infinite transverse cylindrical hole, if the body -- at infinite distances from its cylindrical boundary -- is subjected to an arbitrary uniform plane field of stress that is parallel to the bounding plane. The solution presented is in integral form and is deduced with the aid of the Papkovich stress functions by means of an especially adapted, unconventional, integral-transform technique. Numerical results for the non-vanishing stresses along the boundary of the hole and for the normal displacement at the plane boundary, corresponding to several values of Poisson's ratio, are also included. These results exhibit in detail the three-dimensional stress boundary layer that emerges near the edges of the hole in the analogous problem for a plate of finite thickness, as the ratio of the plate-thickness to the diameter of the hole grows beyond bounds. The results obtained thus illustrate the limitations inherent 1n the two-dimensional plane-strain treatment of the spatial plane problem; in addition, they are relevant to failure considerations and are of interest 1n connection with experimental stress analysis