Voicing is Not Relevant for Sonority

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on The Grammar of Event Structure (1991), pp. 69-8

In Defense of Juncture Rules/Constraints

Domain juncture rules which apply between two prosodic domains have been problematic in that they exhibit a gap in their distribution. There have been attempts to derive the apparent word-juncture effects of Sanskrit External Sandhi from the syllable-coda effects. The first part of the paper examines the arguments for the coda analysis, and concludes that, in view of cross-linguistic sandhi phenomena, the simplicity is bought at the expense of explanatory power. In addition, Italian Raddoppiamento Sintattico, another showcase example, is reanalyzed in terms of Optimality Theory, where there is no need for the junctural information necessary for consonantal gemination at the word-edge. The paper concludes that there are genuine cases of phonological juncture rules (the /n/-O alternation in Korean) which cannot be reanalyzed as domain span or domain limit rules like the Sanskrit and Italian phenomena

The Relevance of Syllable Structure in Place Assimilation

Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1990), pp. 69-8

Rule Ordering, and Constraint Interaction in OT

Author(s): Young-mee Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Historical Issues in Sociolinguistics/Social Issues in Historical Linguistics (1995

The Phonology and Phonetics of 'Voiceless' Vowels

Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Semantic Typology and Semantic Universals (1993

Korean Phonology in the Late Twentieth Century

Research in Korean phonology has been unusually productive, both within the structuralist tradition and in the generative framework. On the structural side, Martin's phonemics and morphophonemics laid structural groundwork for later generative studies while instrumental works provided a valuable phonetic grounding for phonological analyses to come. Earlier generative studies were mainly concerned with such issues as features, segments and rules, following the program developed in the Sound Pattern of English. The late 1970's saw the emergence of Autosegmental Theory. Many traditional analyses were revisited and given new interpretations. Recent works on consonantal phonology also attempt to move beyond description and toward explanation by maXlITllzmg representational apparatus and minimizing language-specific rules. The development of Lexical Phonology and Prosodic Hierarchy Theory in the 1980's was triggered by an interest in rule domains and in the interface between phonology and morphology/syntax. Many studies contributed to the prosodic characterization of morphological categories and the formal representation of domains. Most recently, Optimality Theory promises to solve some of the thorny issues of Korean phonology such as the n- tP alternation, Consonant Cluster Simplification and Glide Formation, Palatalization, Umlaut, Tensification and Korean phrasing

Genetic Analysis of 10 Unrelated Korean Families with p22-phox-deficient Chronic Granulomatous Disease: An Unusually Identical Mutation of the CYBA Gene on Jeju Island, Korea

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by recurrent life-threatening bacterial and fungal infections. The underlying defect in CGD is an inability of phagocytes to produce reactive oxygen species as a result of defects in NADPH oxidase. Considering that CGD generally affects about 3-4 in 1,000,000 individuals, it is surprising that the prevalence of CGD on Jeju Island is 20.7 in 1,000,000 individuals. We performed genetic analysis on 12 patients from 10 unrelated families and found that all patients had an identical homozygous single-base substitution of C to T in exon 1 (c.7C>T) of the CYBA gene, which was expected to result in a nonsense mutation (p.Q3X). Because Jeju Island has long been a geologically isolated region, the high prevalence of CGD on Jeju Island is presumably associated with an identical mutation inherited from a common ancestor or proband

Three cases of glycogenic hepatopathy mimicking acute and relapsing hepatitis in type I diabetes mellitus

Glycogenic hepatopathy (GH) is an uncommon cause of serum transaminase elevation in type I diabetes mellitus (DM). The clinical signs and symptoms of GH are nonspecific, and include abdominal discomfort, mild hepatomegaly, and transaminase elevation. In this report we describe three cases of patients presenting serum transaminase elevation and hepatomegaly with a history of poorly controlled type I DM. All of the cases showed sudden elevation of transaminase to more than 30 times the upper normal range (like in acute hepatitis) followed by sustained fluctuation (like in relapsing hepatitis). However, the patients did not show any symptom or sign of acute hepatitis. We therefore performed a liver biopsy to confirm the cause of liver enzyme elevation, which revealed GH. Clinicians should be aware of GH so as to prevent diagnostic delay and misdiagnosis, and have sufficient insight into GH; this will be aided by the present report of three cases along with a literature review

Effect of a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor, Des-Fluoro-Sitagliptin, on Neointimal Formation after Balloon Injury in Rats

Background: Recently, it has been suggested that enhancement of incretin effect improves cardiac function. We investigated the effect of a DPP-IV inhibitor, des-fluoro-sitagliptin, in reducing occurrence of restenosis in carotid artery in response to balloon injury and the related mechanisms. Methods and Findings: Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats were grouped into four: control (normal saline) and sitagliptin 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg per day (n = 10 per group). Sitagliptin or normal saline were given orally from 1 week before to 2 weeks after carotid injury. After 3 weeks of treatment, sitagliptin treatment caused a significant and dose-dependent reduction in intima-media ratio (IMR) in obese diabetic rats. This effect was accompanied by improved glucose homeostasis, decreased circulating levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and increased adiponectin level. Moreover, decreased IMR was correlated significantly with reduced hsCRP, tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity. In vitro evidence with vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) demonstrated that proliferation and migration were decreased significantly after sitagliptin treatment. In addition, sitagliptin increased caspase-3 activity and decreased monocyte adhesion and NFκB activation in VSMCs. Conclusions: Sitagliptin has protective properties against restenosis after carotid injury and therapeutic implications for treating macrovascular complications of diabetes