38,311 research outputs found
Momentum transfer dependence of the proton's electric and magnetic polarizabilities
The Q^2-dependence of the sum of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities
of the proton is calculated over the range 0 \leq Q^2 \leq 6 GeV^2 using the
generalized Baldin sum rule. Employing a parametrization of the F_1 structure
function valid down to Q^2 = 0.06 GeV^2, the polarizabilities at the real
photon point are found by extrapolating the results of finite Q^2 to Q^2 = 0
GeV^2. We determine the evolution over four-momentum transfer to be consistent
with the Baldin sum rule using photoproduction data, obtaining \alpha + \beta =
13.7 \pm 0.7 \times 10^{-4}\, \text{fm}^3.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Quark-hadron duality constraints on \gamma Z box corrections to parity-violating elastic scattering
We examine the interference \gamma Z box corrections to parity-violating
elastic electron--proton scattering in the light of the recent observation of
quark-hadron duality in parity-violating deep-inelastic scattering from the
deuteron, and the approximate isospin independence of duality in the
electromagnetic nucleon structure functions down to Q^2 \approx 1 GeV^2.
Assuming that a similar behavior also holds for the \gamma Z proton structure
functions, we find that duality constrains the \gamma Z box correction to the
proton's weak charge to be \Re e\, \square_{\gamma Z}^V = (5.4 \pm 0.4) \times
10^{-3} at the kinematics of the Q_{\text{weak}} experiment. Within the same
model we also provide estimates of the \gamma Z corrections for future
parity-violating experiments, such as MOLLER at Jefferson Lab and MESA at
Mainz.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. Final version to be published in Phys. Lett.
Feasibility study of the ultraviolet spectral analysis of the lunar surface
Ultraviolet spectral analysis of granite, gabbro, and serpentinite samples to determine feasibility of mapping surface composition of moo
High-power, ultralow-mass solar arrays: FY-77 solar arrays technology readiness assessment report, volume 2
Development efforts are reported in detail for: (1) a lightweight solar array system for solar electric propulsion; (2) a high efficiency thin silicon solar cell; (3) conceptual design of 200 W/kg solar arrays; (4) fluorocarbon encapsulation for silicon solar cell array; and (5) technology assessment of concentrator solar arrays
Long-term Observations of Three Nulling Pulsars
We present an analysis of approximately 200 hours of observations of the
pulsars J16345107, J17174054 and J18530505, taken over the course of
14.7 yr. We show that all of these objects exhibit long term nulls and
radio-emitting phases (i.e. minutes to many hours), as well as considerable
nulling fractions (NFs) in the range . PSR J17174054 is
also found to exhibit short timescale nulls () and burst phases
() during its radio-emitting phases. This behaviour acts to
modulate the NF, and therefore the detection rate of the source, over
timescales of minutes. Furthermore, PSR J18530505 is shown to exhibit a weak
emission state, in addition to its strong and null states, after sufficient
pulse integration. This further indicates that nulls may often only represent
transitions to weaker emission states which are below the sensitivity
thresholds of particular observing systems. In addition, we detected a
peak-to-peak variation of in the spin-down rate of PSR
J17174054, over timescales of hundreds of days. However, no long-term
correlation with emission variation was found.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Quantum simulation of Fermi-Hubbard models in semiconductor quantum dot arrays
We propose a device for studying the Fermi-Hubbard model with long-range
Coulomb interactions using an array of quantum dots defined in a semiconductor
two-dimensional electron gas system. Bands with energies above the lowest
energy band are used to form the Hubbard model, which allows for an
experimentally simpler realization of the device. We find that depending on
average electron density, the system is well described by a one- or two-band
Hubbard model. Our device design enables the control of the ratio of the
Coulomb interaction to the kinetic energy of the electrons independently to the
filling of the quantum dots, such that a large portion of the Hubbard phase
diagram may be probed. Estimates of the Hubbard parameters suggest that a
metal-Mott insulator quantum phase transition and a d-wave superconducting
phase should be observable using current fabrication technologies.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
On the Apparent Nulls and Extreme Variability of PSR J1107-5907
We present an analysis of the emission behaviour of PSR J1107-5907, a source
known to exhibit separate modes of emission, using observations obtained over
approximately 10 yr. We find that the object exhibits two distinct modes of
emission; a strong mode with a broad profile and a weak mode with a narrow
profile. During the strong mode of emission, the pulsar typically radiates very
energetic emission over sequences of ~200-6000 pulses (~60 s-24 min), with
apparent nulls over time-scales of up to a few pulses at a time. Emission
during the weak mode is observed outside of these strong-mode sequences and
manifests as occasional bursts of up to a few clearly detectable pulses at a
time, as well as low-level underlying emission which is only detected through
profile integration. This implies that the previously described null mode may
in fact be representative of the bottom-end of the pulse intensity distribution
for the source. This is supported by the dramatic pulse-to-pulse intensity
modulation and rarity of exceptionally bright pulses observed during both modes
of emission. Coupled with the fact that the source could be interpreted as a
rotating radio transient (RRAT)-like object for the vast majority of the time,
if placed at a further distance, we advance that this object likely represents
a bridge between RRATs and extreme moding pulsars. Further to these emission
properties, we also show that the source is consistent with being a
near-aligned rotator and that it does not exhibit any measurable spin-down rate
variation. These results suggest that nulls observed in other intermittent
objects may in fact be representative of very weak emission without the need
for complete cessation. As such, we argue that longer (> 1 h) observations of
pulsars are required to discern their true modulation properties.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
The optical variability of the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy IRAS 13224-3809
We report on a short optical monitoring programme of the narrow-line Seyfert
1 Galaxy IRAS 13224-3809. Previous X-ray observations of this object have shown
persistent giant variability. The degree of variability at other wavelengths
may then be used to constrain the conditions and emission processes within the
nucleus. Optical variability is expected if the electron population responsible
for the soft X-ray emission is changing rapidly and Compton-upscattering
infrared photons in the nucleus, or if the mechanism responsible for X-ray
emission causes all the emission processes to vary together. We find that there
is no significant optical variability with a firm upper limit of 2 per cent and
conclude that the primary soft X-ray emission region produces little of the
observed optical emission. The X-ray and optical emission regions must be
physically distinct and any reprocessing of X-rays into the optical waveband
occurs some distance from the nucleus. The lack of optical variability
indicates that the energy density of infrared radiation in the nucleus is at
most equal to that of the ultraviolet radiation since little is upscattered
into the optical waveband. The extremely large X-ray variability of IRAS
13224-3809 may be explained by relativistic boosting of more modest variations.
Although such boosting enhances X-ray variability over optical variability,
this only partially explains the lack of optical variability.Comment: 5 pages with 8 postscript figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
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