Cultura, história e memória traumática: uma interpretação

Efforts to investigate psychiatric disorders across cultures routinely ignore a pervasive cultural influence, namely the culture of psychiatry. This article focuses on how the culture of psychiatry affects our understanding of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is diagnosed by means of standardized symptom criteria and scales. Yet it is a heterogeneous phenomenon. The illusion of homogeneity is fostered by a categorical conception of traumatic memory that homogenizes posttraumatic memories and erects an obstacle to investigating the disorder’s historical nature, clinical phenomenology, and neuro-physiology and neuro-anatomy. I illustrate this process, via an epidemic of PTSD that now affects a quarter of a million American war veterans.Los esfuerzos para investigar trastornos psiquiátricos a través de las culturas, por lo general ignoran una frecuente influencia cultural, que es la propia cultura de psiquiatría. Este artículo se enfoca en cómo la cultura de psiquiatría afecta nuestro entendimiento del trastorno de estrés post-traumático (TEPP). El TEPP se diagnostica mediante criterios de síntomas y escalas. No obstante, es un fenómeno heterogéneo. La ilusión de homogeneidad es fomentada por una concepción categórica de memoria de trauma que homogeneiza las memorias post-trauma y crea un obstáculo para investigar la historia natural del trastorno, la fenomenología clínica, neurofisiología y neuroanatomía. Ilustro este proceso por medio de una epidemia de TEPP que afecta a un cuarto de millón de veteranos de guerra en Norteamérica.Os esforços para investigar transtornos psiquiátricos em diferentes culturas rotineiramente ignoram a difusa influência cultural, principalmente a cultura da psiquiatria. Este artigo enfoca como a cultura da psiquiatria afeta a nossa compreensão do transtorno de estresse pós-traumático (PTSD). PTSD é diagnosticado por meio de critérios de sintomas padronizados e escalas. No entanto, é um fenômeno heterogêneo. A ilusão de homogeneidade é fomentada por uma concepção categórica da memória traumática que homogeniza as memórias pós-traumáticas e erige um obstáculo para investigar a natureza da desordem histórica, a fenomenologia clínica, e a neurofisiologia e neuroanatomia. Explico este processo por meio de uma epidemia de PTSD que atualmente afeta um quarto de um milhão de veteranos de guerra americanos

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

We now begin our eighth year of editorship of The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance & Business Ventures with some changes. Chunchi Wu has left the Whitman School of Management at Syracuse University and is now the Jeffery E. Smith Missouri Professor of Finance at the University of Missouri-Columbia. There have, in addition, been some changes to our editorial board over the last year. We welcome Wolfgang Bessler, at Justus Liebig University - Giessen, Susan Coleman of the University of Hartford, and Jinliang Li from Tsinghua University - Beijing, as editorial board members. Also of note was the last annual meeting of the Academy of Entrepreneurial Finance, which was hosted by Rassoul Yazdipour from the California State University, Fresno. We trust that our 20th annual conference, September 24-26, 2008 in Las Vegas, coordinated by Susan Coleman of the University of Hartford will be just as successful as our meetings of the past. Dean Melvin Stith of the Whitman School of Management, Syracuse University, has continued to provide excellent guidance as well as financial support

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

With the present issue I\u27ve assumed the role of Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures, with my colleagues at the School of Management, Syracuse University, David Wilemon and Chunchi Wu carrying on as Editors. In addition, Yochanan Shachmurove, who was instrumental in helping us put together our two previous issues, joins our Board of Editorial Advisors, as do William J. Baumol, and Lawrence R. Klein. Reflecting the diversity of the field itself, the present issue of the Journal is charactericized by many different concerns and approaches to the area of entrepreneurship. Accordingly, in the first article, Bathala, Bowlin and Dukes look at corporate governance, illiquidity, and valuation issues as they are reflected in privately held firms. They find that family owned firms predominate in the ownership structure of privately held companies. Also, insiders of such enterprises own a much larger proportion of the equity than insiders of publically held firms and have CEOs who are their largest shareholder to a far greater extent. In the next article Vos and Smith look at the relationship between risk, return and the degree of ownership involvement in privately held firms. They note that for financial theory to be valid market information must be easily visible and obtainable. This is rarely the case for privately held firms. The authors use data for 100 small firms and find that there is no significant relationship between financial returns and risk. However, the authors do find a relationship between the level of control exercised by small firm owners and the financial returns of the firm. Next, Blaži?, Nikoli? And Pe?ari? Study the consumption-based tax that has recently been instituted at the business level in Croatia. Croatia is the first country in the world to seek to apply a consumption-based tax at the individual as well as at the business level. The authors analyze the efficiency of this tax with regard to its neutrality as well as its cost effectiveness. Then, Akta?, Karan and Aydo?an look at the question of forecasting short run performance of initial public offerings on the Istanbul Stock Exchange. After considering various models, they find that only the logit models beat the outcome of naïve strategies. In the following article, Ciner explores the connection between trading volume and price movements using evidence from the trading of the stocks of small firms. Using data from both the U.S. and France he finds that trading volume does indeed forecast the returns of small capitalization stock indices. In the next offering, Dubil examines the liquidity risk of a private equity firm that decides to dispose of a large holding of its portfolio. Finally, Ho, Chan and Tompkins note that hospitals have had to become increasingly entrepreneurial in today’s difficult health care environment in order to survive. They note that hospitals have found that long term asset investment decisions are critical and that there has been an increasing use of the payback criteria among hospitals

Letter From the Editor-in-Chief

The study and practice of entrepreneurial finance and its associated relevance for the field of business venturing is now at long last secure in its place in the pantheon of well respected academic and professional disciplines. While initially perhaps thought of as no more than grist for the mill of those involved with personal self-enrichment and beyond the pale of concern with the scholarly dissemination of the world’s accumulated valued wisdom, areas such as the study of venture capital, micro-financing, entrepreneurship management and other related pursuits have now established themselves as well worth the interest of those intimately pursuing serious and thoughtful academic study. Moreover, often funded by successful entrepreneurs themselves and the demand by the business community for employees who are not only well trained in the techniques of its functional sub-disciplines, but also creative in being able to reason about business pursuits with an entrepreneurial and innovative frame of mind, this scholarly interest has now spilled over into the teaching and instructional branches of our profession. While less than a decade ago few of the more well established and recognized schools (colleges) of business (management) gave much more than a nodding recognition in their curriculum and programs to financial entrepreneurship (or even the broader-based study of entrepreneurship itself), as of this writing well recognized entire schools and programs devoted exclusively to these areas abound in academe and few schools of higher education or universities can be found (not only in America, but now elsewhere) which do not provide a grouping of courses complemented by a business outreach program devoted to the preparation of students for careers in the practice of entrepreneurship with financial and venturing concerns at the heart of this endeavor. Accordingly, it could well be said that the field of study to which our journal is devoted (entrepreneurial finance and business ventures) may truly be among the fastest growing of academic programs, and it is clearly the case that scholarly inquiry in this area is not only alive and well, but positively thriving. The goal of The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance and Business Ventures is to be one of the premiere outlets for this scholarship

Letter from the Editor-in-Chief

As we begin our 7th year of editorship of The Journal of Entrepreneurial Finance & Business Ventures, we are mindful of the many changes which have taken place in this field. As issues have extended to the international area, technology has begun to play an increasingly greater role in entrepreneurial venrures and the financial cornerstone of these activities have become evermore apparent, scholarship in these facets of entrepreneurship has become an increasing concern. Indeed, this journal has reflected these changes as its contents have increasingly been amenable with them