614 research outputs found
Fruit and Vegetable Planting Restrictions: Do U.S. Farmers Even Notice?
Crop Production/Industries, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,
POLICY DEVELOPMENTS IN UNITED STATES AGRICULTURE SINCE 1986
Agricultural and Food Policy,
Distributional Impact of U.S. Farm Commodity Programs: Accounting for Alternative Farm Household Typologies
Agricultural households adjust to policy changes through market mechanisms by altering: their production mix, labor input, and on- and off-farm investments. Because of the significant heterogeneity among farms in the US agricultural sector, various types of farm households respond to the same policy change in significantly different ways. The parameters used to classify farm households into different typologies may also play a significant role in the interpretation of observed effects of policy changes. This paper, using a highly disaggregated U.S. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, analyzes the distributional impacts of policy changes involving price-contingent government payments on alternative U.S. farm household typologies. We find that farm households do vary their responses to an elimination of price-contingent support based on location, production specialty, and farm categorization.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Is Agricultural Policy Decoupling against Human Nature? Experimental Evidence of Fairness Expectationsâ Contributions to Payment Incidence
The objective of this research is to measure individualsâ fairness expectations and relate them to their market behavior in a private-negotiation institution. By doing this, we may inform model parameterization of field data and increase understanding of payment incidence causation. We hypothesize agents will change both their market and UG behavior when the tenant/proposer receives a subsidy following a successful negotiation. We also hypothesize that agentsâ market behavior does relate to their fairness expectations in the UG. Two economic experiments were developed to test our hypotheses, a market and an ultimatum bargaining game experiment. We recruited 106 undergraduate students and conducted the experiments in an experimental laboratory using a computer based market mechanism. Our findings suggest fairness expectations need to be considered as a possible constraint on agentsâ profit maximization behavior in land markets. The experimental evidence indicates market sellers or landlords demand higher land rental prices when tenants receive per-unit subsidies. Their ability to obtain a higher price appears to be more formidable in markets with limited matching opportunities. We conclude fairness expectations may constrain individualsâ profit-maximization behavior in the land market and, in turn, affect payment incidence in this market.Agricultural and Food Policy,
Heat transfer to evaporating refrigerants in two-phase flow
Flow regimes occurring during evaporation of Freon-12 (dichlorodifluoromethane) and Freon-22 (monochlorodifluoromethane) inside five tubes were investigated. Two flow models are proposed, one each for vertical and horizontal tube orientation. The limits of each flow regime were determined and heat transfer correlations obtained. The most significant flow regimes were found to be nucleate boiling, annular flow, and mist flow. A correlation for the transition between annular flow and mist flow was obtained.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/37338/1/690110629_ftp.pd
Decoupled Programs, Payment Incidence, and Factor Markets: Evidence from Market Experiments
We use laboratory market experiments to assess the impact of asymmetric knowledge of a per-unit subsidy and the effect of a decoupled annual income subsidy on factor market outcomes. Results indicate that when the subsidy is tied to the factor as a per-unit subsidy, regardless of full or asymmetric knowledge for market participants, subsidized factor buyers distribute nearly 22 percent of the subsidy to factor sellers. When the subsidy is fully decoupled from the factor, as is the case with the annual payment, payment incidence is mitigated and prices are not statistically different from the no-policy treatment.laboratory market experiments, agricultural subsidies, subsidy incidence, land market, ex ante policy analysis, Agricultural and Food Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, Q18, D03, C92,
Application of Artificial Neural Network to Search for Gravitational-Wave Signals Associated with Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
We apply a machine learning algorithm, the artificial neural network, to the
search for gravitational-wave signals associated with short gamma-ray bursts.
The multi-dimensional samples consisting of data corresponding to the
statistical and physical quantities from the coherent search pipeline are fed
into the artificial neural network to distinguish simulated gravitational-wave
signals from background noise artifacts. Our result shows that the data
classification efficiency at a fixed false alarm probability is improved by the
artificial neural network in comparison to the conventional detection
statistic. Therefore, this algorithm increases the distance at which a
gravitational-wave signal could be observed in coincidence with a gamma-ray
burst. In order to demonstrate the performance, we also evaluate a few seconds
of gravitational-wave data segment using the trained networks and obtain the
false alarm probability. We suggest that the artificial neural network can be a
complementary method to the conventional detection statistic for identifying
gravitational-wave signals related to the short gamma-ray bursts.Comment: 30 pages, 10 figure
Optimizing Parameters of Information-Theoretic Correlation Measurement for Multi-Channel Time-Series Datasets in Gravitational Wave Detectors
Data analysis in modern science using extensive experimental and
observational facilities, such as a gravitational wave detector, is essential
in the search for novel scientific discoveries. Accordingly, various techniques
and mathematical principles have been designed and developed to date. A
recently proposed approximate correlation method based on the information
theory is widely adopted in science and engineering. Although the maximal
information coefficient (MIC) method remains in the phase of improving its
algorithm, it is particularly beneficial in identifying the correlations of
multiple noise sources in gravitational-wave detectors including non-linear
effects. This study investigates various prospects for determining MIC
parameters to improve the reliability of handling multi-channel time-series
data, reduce high computing costs, and propose a novel method of determining
optimized parameter sets for identifying noise correlations in gravitational
wave data.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure
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