Adulteración de grasa de manteca: validez de los índices de Reichert-Meissl, Polenske e iodo

Buffaloe's milkfat was obtained during the winter and the summer seasons. The beef tallow (Heart fat) was purchased from the local market. Beef tallow was added to the summer milkfat in the ratios 5%, 10%, 15% and 50% w/w. Thin layer chromatography was applied to obtain the triglycerides fraction of each sample obtained. Gas chromatography was used to identify the fatty acid content of the winter, summer and the admixtures. Reichert-Meissl (RM), Polenske (P) and Iodine values were also determined for each sample. It was concluded that the (RM) of the winter and the summer milkfat were 25.52±0.511 and 28.74±0.568, respectively. The (P) and iodine values were 1.94±0.162, 2.53±0.146 and 42.1±0.85, 30.33±0.839 in the same respect. The addition of beef tallow to the milkfat in the ratios 5% and 10% did not affect the (RM) and (P) values of the resultant admixtures. The presence of 15% beef tallow in milkfat slightly affected the (RM), (P) and iodine values. The addition of 50% beef tallow to the milkfat got the values of (RM) and (P) out of the normal range. The iodine values was still within the normal range of milkfat. It was also observed that the addition of beef tallow in the ratios 5%, 10% and 15% to summer milkfat, improved the fatty acid pattern of the milk fat, while the 50% beef tallow in milkfat, decreased all the short chain fatty acids. The determination of the (RM), (P) and iodine values to detect the beef tallow as an adulterant in pure milkfat is not sufficient at 5% and 10% beef tallow in milkfat.Durante las estaciones de invierno y verano se obtuvo grasa de leche de búfalo. Sebo de vaca (grasa del corazón) se adquirió del mercado local. El sebo de vaca se añadió a la grasa de leche de verano en las relaciones 5%, 10%, 15% y 50% w/w. Se aplicó la cromatografía en capa fina para obtener la fracción de triglicéridos de cada muestra obtenida. La cromatografía gaseosa se usó para identificar el contenido en ácidos grasos de la grasa de leche de invierno, verano y las mezclas. También se determinaron para cada muestra los índices de Reichert-Meissl (RM), Polenske (P) e lodo. Se concluyó que los (RM) de la grasa de leche de invierno y de verano fueron 25.52±0.511 y 28.74±0.568 respectivamente. Los índices (P) y de iodo fueron 1.94±0.162, 2.53±0.146 y 42.1±0.85, 30.33±0.839 en los mismos aspectos. La adición de sebo de vaca a la grasa de leche en las relaciones 5% y 10% no afectó los índices (RM) y (P) de las mezclas resultantes. La presencia del 15% de sebo de vaca en la grasa de leche afectó ligeramente los índices (RM), (P) e iodo. La adición del 50% de sebo de vaca a la grasa de leche sacó los valores de (RM) y (P) del rango normal, permaneciendo dentro del mismo el índice de iodo. Se observó también que la adición de sebo de vaca en las relaciones 5%, 10% y 15% a la grasa de leche de verano, mejoró el comportamiento de los ácidos grasos de la grasa de leche, mientras que el 50% de sebo de vaca en la grasa de leche, disminuyó todos los ácidos grasos de cadena corta. La determinación de los índices (RM), (P) e iodo para detectar sebo de vaca como adulterante en grasa de leche pura no es suficiente al 5% y 10% de sebo de vaca en la grasa de leche

Metastatic collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney treated with sunitinib

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) of the kidney is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor arising from the distal collecting tubules which has been shown to have a poor response to several kinds of systemic therapy. We present a case of metastatic CDC that responded favorably to a multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sunitinib, achieving a partial response in both lung and skeletal metastases. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing therapeutic activity of sunitinib against CDC. Considering these findings, it would be worthwhile prospectively investigating the role of multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitors, particularly sunitinib, in the management of metastatic CDC

Hypothesis: are neoplastic macrophages/microglia present in glioblastoma multiforme?

Most malignant brain tumours contain various numbers of cells with characteristics of activated or dysmorphic macrophages/microglia. These cells are generally considered part of the tumour stroma and are often described as TAM (tumour-associated macrophages). These types of cells are thought to either enhance or inhibit brain tumour progression. Recent evidence indicates that neoplastic cells with macrophage characteristics are found in numerous metastatic cancers of non-CNS (central nervous system) origin. Evidence is presented here suggesting that subpopulations of cells within human gliomas, specifically GBM (glioblastoma multiforme), are neoplastic macrophages/microglia. These cells are thought to arise following mitochondrial damage in fusion hybrids between neoplastic stem cells and macrophages/microglia

Pediatric traumatic brain injury in the Middle East and North Africa region: a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess characteristics, mechanisms, and risk factors

Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) represents a major cause of child injuries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This review aims to assess pTBIs in the MENA region and reports their clinical severity and outcomes. A search was conducted using major electronic databases, including Medline/Ovid, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Abstracts were screened independently and in duplicate to detect original research. The objective and study findings for each article were recorded, along with the mechanism of pTBI, patient age and sex, injury assessment tool(s) used, and outcome. A total of 1345 articles were retrieved, of which 152 met the criteria for full-text review, and 32 were included in this review. Males predominantly suffered from pTBIs (78%). Motor vehicle accidents, followed by child abuse, were the leading causes of pTBI. Overall, 0.39% of cases were mild, 0.58% moderate, 16.25% severe, and 82.27% unclassified. The mortality rate was 13.11%. Most studies used the computed tomography scan, Glasgow Coma Scale, Abbreviated Injury Scale, and Injury Severity Score as investigation methods. This review reports on the alarming rate of child-abuse-related pTBI and offers further understanding of pTBI-associated risk factors and insight into the development of strategies to reduce their occurrence, as well as policies to promote child well-being

Some Properties Of Semi E-B-Vex Functions

In this paper, we introduce E-b-vex functions by combining the definitions of E-convex functions and b-vex functions. We study some of its basic properties and discuss certain interrelations with other functions. Our results extend and unify several known results from the literature. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Inc

A Novel Algorithm for Estimating Reliability of Ready-to-use Systems in Designing Phase for Designed Lifetime Based on Markov Method and Fuzzy Approach

Reliability is one of the most important factors of complex systems which play a crucial role in performance of modern systems. In this study, a novel algorithm for estimating reliability of ready-to-use systems in designing phase for designed lifetime is proposed. At first stage, the related studies are checked, and then fundamental theories of each section are presented. According to the particular structure of ready-to-use systems and Markov Chain conditions, a new model based on Markov method and Fuzzy approach is suggested. The performance of proposed model is validated by testing on a real system. Therefore, the reliability and mean time to failure of the industrial system is estimated by the algorithm. Finally, practical suggestions are recommended for optimizing the system reliability

A Noise-Robust Heart Sound Segmentation Algorithm Based on Shannon Energy

Heart sound segmentation has been shown to improve the performance of artificial intelligence (AI)-based auscultation decision support systems increasingly viewed as a solution to compensate for eroding auscultatory skills and the associated subjectivity. Various segmentation approaches with demonstrated performance can be utilized for this task, but their robustness can suffer in the presence of noise. A noise-robust heart sound segmentation algorithm was developed and its accuracy was tested using two datasets: the CirCor DigiScope Phonocardiogram dataset and an in-house dataset – a heart murmur library collected at the Children’s National Hospital (CNH). On the CirCor dataset, our segmentation algorithm marked the boundaries of the primary heart sounds S1 and S2 with an accuracy of 0.28 ms and 0.29 ms, respectively, and correctly identified the actual positive segments with a sensitivity of 97.44%. The algorithm also executed four times faster than a logistic regression hidden semi-Markov model. On the CNH dataset, the algorithm succeeded in 87.4% cases, achieving a 6% increase in segmentation success rate demonstrated by our original Shannon energy-based algorithm. Accurate heart sound segmentation is critical to supporting and accelerating AI research in cardiovascular diseases. The proposed algorithm increases the robustness of heart sound segmentation to noise and viability for clinical use