Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Soluble Sugar Content of Soybean under Salt Stress

The influence of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, Glomus mosseae, on characteristics of growth, membrane lipid peroxidation and soluble sugar content in the shoots and roots of soybean (Glycine max) plants was studied in pot culture under salt stress. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran. The plants inoculated with mycorrhiza had significantly greater shoot and root biomass than the nonmycorrhizal plants at all salinity levels. AM symbiosis decreased membrane relative permeability and malondialdehyde content in shoots and roots. The soluble sugar content in roots was higher in mycorrhizal than nonmycorrhizal plants, but there was no significant difference in soluble sugar content in shoots between mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal plants. The results indicate that the AM fungus is capable of alleviating the damage caused by salt stress on soybean plants by reducing membrane lipid peroxidation and increasing the accumulation of soluble sugar content. Consequently, arbuscular mycorrhiza formation highly enhanced the salinity tolerance of soybean plant, which increased host biomass and promoted plant growth

A smart load-speed sensitive cooling map to have a high- performance thermal management system in an internal combustion engine

Considering the fact that electrification is increasingly used in internal combustion engines, this paper aims at presenting a smart speed-load sensitive cooling map for better thermal management. For this purpose, first, thermal boundary conditions for the engine cooling passage were obtained by thermodynamic and combustion simulation. Next, the temperature distribution of the cooling passage walls was determined using conjugate heat transfer method. Then, the effect of engine load on wall temperature distribution was investigated, and it was observed that in the conventional mode where the cooling flow is only affected by the engine speed, the engine is faced with over-cooling and under-cooling. Therefore, the optimum flow for cooling the engine was achieved in such a way that the engine is hot enough and kept free from damage, while the engine has a more uniform temperature distribution. These calculations were performed by considering the boiling phenomenon. The results showed using the cooling map leads to a significant reduction in coolant flow, which in turn reduces the power consumption of the water pump and size of the radiator. Moreover, fuel consumption, hydrocarbon emission production, and the needed power of the coolant pump are enhanced by 2.1, 8.6, and 44.3%, respectively.Irankhodro Powertrain Company (IPCo)http://www.elsevier.com/locate/energy2022-04-22hj2021Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineerin

Applying a new systematic fuzzy FMEA technique for risk management in light steel frame systems

Light Steel Frame (LSF) system is mainly used for construction of short and intermediate-height buildings in developed countries whereas considerable heed is not given to it in developing countries. Unfamiliarity to LSF risks is one of the main reasons for this averseness so risk management can remedy this challenge and develop application of the LSF. Hence, this paper investigates the risk management of LSF system considering design, construction and operation phase. Three main steps entailing risk identification, assessment and responding using fuzzy Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) technique are suggested for risk management implementation and for validation of responses, a novel index with respect to weighted combination of project quality, time and cost are calculated. The methodology is demonstrated on a pilot study in a developing country. By using interview, 29 significant risks are extracted in design, construction and operation and then evaluated by proposed fuzzy method. Results showed that the share of the risks in these steps are 21%, 31% and 48% respectively. The results revealed that the risks in the construction and operation phases are higher than those in the design phase. The results also show that involving safety as a project object in the risk management process could eventuate acceptable results

Insulin Can Improve the Normal Function of the Brain by Preventing the Loss of the Neurons

Background: Insulin promotes the expression of genes related to brain function, thus preventing the neurodegeneration process. The present study was designed to find the neuroprotective effect of insulin by reducing neuron loss in the brain. Materials and Methods: In this study, 20 adult male NMRI mice were divided into two groups: control and insulin. The control group was intact, and the insulin group received 100 µL of insulin at a 72-hour interval by intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection for 30 days. At the end of the study, the brain was removed. The volume of the brain and the total number of neurons and glia were estimated by stereological techniques, and also the gene expression of NSR, PI3K, AKT, IGF-1, and FOXO-1 was measured using real-time PCR. Results: The results showed that the total number of neurons decreased in the control group compared to the experimental group. Furthermore, the expression of NSR, PI3K, AKT, IGF-1, and FOXO-1 genes was lower in the control group than in the insulin group. Conclusion: The results showed that treating mice with insulin prevented reducing the number of neurons and gene expression related to normal brain function. So, insulin could have neuroprotective effects against neuron loss. Insulin may be beneficial as a new approach to avoiding neuron loss in regenerative medicine

Lipid Profile and the Risk of Stroke: A Study from North of Iran

Stroke is the second cause of mortality in the world and third in Iran and lipid abnormalities are the main cause of stroke. The relation of dyslipidemia and the risk of stroke is mater of controversy. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship of dyslipidemia and the risk of stroke in Sayad Shirazi hospital, Gorgan, Northeastern Iran. Retrospectively, we investigated all medical records with a diagnosis of stroke based on International Classification of Diseases, Revision 10, from August 2015 to August 2016 in Sayyad Shirazi hospital. We include those records with laboratory reports on serum lipid profile. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guideline was used to classifying lipid profile. The Data management and analysis was performed using SPSS 20. Out of 415 identified records, 9.6% had an unspecified diagnosis of stroke subtype. Only, in 160 records the lipid parameters were measured. The majority of cases with dyslipidemia was men (56.6%) and age older than 60 years (71%). There was a significant difference between ethnic groups and dyslipidemia (p=0.04) and between discharge outcome and lipid profile in women (p=0.05). Furthermore, the relation between dyslipidemia and another comorbid risk factor for stroke including diabetes (p=0.004), ischemic heart disease (0.035), and prior stroke (0.002) was significant. This study has shown that dyslipidemia coexisting with diabetes, ischemic heart diseases, and prior stroke increases the risk of stroke especially in older age. In general, therefore, it seems that lipid-lowering therapy must be one of the priorities in this population

The Role of Sexual Behaviors in the Relapse Process in Iranian Methamphetamine Users: A Qualitative Study

Background: The awareness of sexual experiences could be an effective factor in preventing high-risk sexual behavior pertaining to relapse during the recovery period of substances. This research explored the role of sexual behaviors among Iranian methamphetamine (MA) users in relapse process.Methods: The study was conducted with a qualitative approach using content analysis method. 28 participants were selected through purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data were collected based on face-to-face, in-depth, semi-structured interviews based on open-ended questions. Interviews continued until the data saturation had occurred. All interviews were examined in four stages of codes, sub-categories, categories and themes according to the content analysis of explanations and descriptions of sexual behaviors.Findings: Two main themes were emerged from the analysis of interviews, including extreme pleasure seeking (including the main categories of sexual tunnel vision and sexual totalitarianism) and comprehended threat (including the main categories of internal conflict and external disorganization) as well as 10 subcategories.Conclusion: The results indicated that sexual behaviors played an important role in relapse process among Iranian MA users and needed to be considered and managed properly in the planning of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation

The Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation on Reactive Oxyradical Scavenging System of Soybean (Glycine max) Nodules under Salt Stress Condition

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Glomus mosseae, on oxygen radical scavenging system (including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POX)) in nodules of soybean (Glycine max) plants under salt stress condition were studied in potted culture experiment. The experiment was arranged as a factorial in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications in greenhouse of College of Agriculture, Tehran University, Iran. Results indicated that AMF colonization notably increased the activities of SOD, CAT, POX and GR in the nodules, whereas it had little effect on APX. The results indicate that the AM fungus is capable of alleviating the damage caused by salt stress on symbiotic nitrogen fixation of soybean plants by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, AMF could enhance the salinity tolerance of soybean plant, and thereby play a very important role in improving symbiotic nitrogen fixation and promoted plant growth

Effect of Three Types of Temporary Luting Cements and Abutment Surface Sandblasting on Retentive Strength of Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses

Background and Aim: Achieving appropriate retention and easy retrieva bility at the same time is challenging in implant-supported fixed par tial dentures (FPDs). Researchers have always been in search of a temporary cement to improve the retentive strength. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three different temporary ce ments and sandblasting of the abutment surface on the retentive strength of implant- supported fixed prostheses. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 10 DIO implant analogues were mounted in acrylic resin. Twenty abutments were divided into two groups of 10. The ab-utments in groupone were used in their intact standard form while those in group two were sandblasted. Sixty metal copings were fabricated and cemented on abutmentsof each group usingthree types of temporary cements namely Kerr, Provyand GC. Specimens were subjected toa universal testing machine to measure their retentive strength.The re-sults were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and pairwise comparison was performed using-Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The retentive strength of TempBond (Kerr) with sandblasted abutments was sig-nificantly higher than that of the other two cements (p<0.001). In standard abutments, Provy had slightly but not significantly higher retentive strength. The lowest values in both abutment groups were obtained by GC cement. Conclusion: Kerr TempBond cement with sandblasted abutments yields the highestreten-tive strength

Aggression in Juvenile Delinquents and Mental Rehabilitation Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment

Objectives: The most common problem that delinquent children and juveniles deal with at every moment is the lack of sufficient control over their aggression. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mental rehabilitation group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on decreasing aggression in juvenile delinquents. Methods: This study employed a quasi-experimental method with a pretest-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up with both the experimental and the control group. To conduct this study, 30 cases of delinquent juveniles were selected by the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The Experimental group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy. Results: Results were analyzed using ANOVA, and showed that the experimental group demonstrated a significant reduction in aggression and its aspects (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility) compared with the control group. This difference was also maintained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Discussion: The results showed that acceptance and commitment group therapy can effectively reduce overall aggression and its dimension (physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility), and that the results last to the follow-up phase