Studies on Epidemiology and Prediction of Soybean Mosaic Virus

-Some epidemiological factors of SMV were studied in Jinan, Shandong Province from 1984 to 1989. The results indicated that the resistance of soybean cultivars and the amount of primary inoculum sources dominated the dynamic aspects of SMV epidemics. It wOriginating text in Chinese.Citation: Luo, Ruiwu, Shang, Youfen, Yang, Chongliang, Zhao, Jiuhua, Li, Changsong. (1991). Studies on Epidemiology and Prediction of Soybean Mosaic Virus. Journal of Plant Protection / Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 18(3), 267-271

Study on Biology and Control of Aphis Glycines

Results of laboratory and field experiments showed that Aphis glycines could reproduce 18-22 generations per year in Jinan, and that generation period, reproductive period and reproduction rate were dependent on temperature. The aphids migrated with two peaks -- in the first ten days of June and between the last ten days of July and first ten days of August. The insect population on soybean plants was low during seedling stage and peaked in the first ten days of August. The aphid was controlled effectively by furrow application of carbofuran (Furaden) and aldicarb (Temik) and by spray application of omethoate (Dimethoate - met) and fenvalerate (Sumicidin).Originating text in Chinese.Citation: Li, Changsong, Luo, Ruiwu, Yang, Congliang, Shang, Youfen, Zhao, Jiuhua, Xin, Xiangqi. (2000). Study on Biology and Control of Aphis Glycines. Soybean Science, 19(4), 337-340

Causal relationship between the gut microbiome and basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning: evidence from three two-sample mendelian randomisation studies

ObjectivesThe present study used publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data to perform three two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies, aiming to examine the causal links between gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning.MethodsSNPs associated with exposures to basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer and ease of skin tanning from the genome-wide association study data of UK Biobank and MRC-IEU (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit), and the meta-analysis data from Biobank and MRC-IEU were used as instrumental variables (IVs). The casual estimates were assessed with a two-sample Mendelian randomisation test using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) method, Wald ratio, MR-Egger method, maximum likelihood, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode.ResultsAfter the application of MR analysis, diffirent effects of multiple groups of gut microbiota was observed for BCC, melanoma skin cancer and ease of skin tanning. The relationships between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning were supported by a suite of sensitivity analyses, with no statistical evidence of instrument heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy. Further investigation is required to explore the relationship between between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning.ConclusionOur study initially identified potential causal roles between the gut microbiome and BCC, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning, and highlighted the role of gut microbiome in the progression of basal cell carcinoma, melanoma skin cancer, ease of skin tanning

Photometric redshift estimation of galaxies in the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys

The accurate estimation of photometric redshifts plays a crucial role in accomplishing science objectives of the large survey projects. The template-fitting and machine learning are the two main types of methods applied currently. Based on the training set obtained by cross-correlating the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys DR9 galaxy catalogue and SDSS DR16 galaxy catalogue, the two kinds of methods are used and optimized, such as EAZY for template-fitting approach and CATBOOST for machine learning. Then the created models are tested by the cross-matched samples of the DESI Legacy Imaging SurveysDR9 galaxy catalogue with LAMOST DR7, GAMA DR3 and WiggleZ galaxy catalogues. Moreover three machine learning methods (CATBOOST, Multi-Layer Perceptron and Random Forest) are compared, CATBOOST shows its superiority for our case. By feature selection and optimization of model parameters, CATBOOST can obtain higher accuracy with optical and infrared photometric information, the best performance ($MSE=0.0032$, $\sigma_{NMAD}=0.0156$ and $O=0.88$ per cent) with $g \le 24.0$, $r \le 23.4$ and $z \le 22.5$ is achieved. But EAZY can provide more accurate photometric redshift estimation for high redshift galaxies, especially beyond the redhisft range of training sample. Finally, we finish the redshift estimation of all DESI DR9 galaxies with CATBOOST and EAZY, which will contribute to the further study of galaxies and their properties.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 9 figures, 11 table

Generation and bioenergetic analysis of cybrids containing mitochondrial DNA from mouse skeletal muscle during aging

Mitochondrial respiratory chain defects have been associated with various diseases and normal aging, particularly in tissues with high energy demands including skeletal muscle. Muscle-specific mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have also been reported to accumulate with aging. Our understanding of the molecular processes mediating altered mitochondrial gene expression to dysfunction associated with mtDNA mutations in muscle would be greatly enhanced by our ability to transfer muscle mtDNA to established cell lines. Here, we report the successful generation of mouse cybrids carrying skeletal muscle mtDNA. Using this novel approach, we performed bioenergetic analysis of cells bearing mtDNA derived from young and old mouse skeletal muscles. A significant decrease in oxidative phosphorylation coupling and regulation capacity has been observed with cybrids carrying mtDNA from skeletal muscle of old mice. Our results also revealed decrease growth capacity and cell viability associated with the mtDNA derived from muscle of old mice. These findings indicate that a decline in mitochondrial function associated with compromised mtDNA quality during aging leads to a decrease in both the capacity and regulation of oxidative phosphorylation

The effects of methadone maintenance treatment on heroin addicts with response inhibition function impairments: Evidence from event-related potentials

Response inhibition has been a core issue in addictive behavior. Many previous studies have found that response inhibition abilities are damaged in those with drug dependence. However, whether heroin addicts who are treated with methadone maintenance have an abnormal response inhibition ability is not clear. In order to investigate the response inhibition functions in heroin addicts who were treated with methadone maintenance, electroencephalography (EEG) was used to examine 14 heroin addicts treated with methadone maintenance (HDM), 17 heroin addicts (HD), and 18 healthy controls (HC) in an equiprobability Go∖NoGo task. The reaction times (RTs) for the Go stimuli in the HD group were slower than those in the HDM and HC groups. Event-related potential (ERP) measurements showed that NoGo stimuli elicited larger N2 amplitudes than Go stimuli in the HDM and HC groups. However, for the HD group, the N2 amplitudes were similar for the two conditions. In addition, the HDM and HD groups were associated with longer P3 latencies. Our results demonstrated that methadone maintenance treatment might ease the deficits in response inhibition that result from long-term drug abuse. However, compared to normal people, HDM patients have serious problems evaluating and inhibiting inappropriate behaviors