Relation between -carotene and ferritin upon malondialdehyde in Javanese male smoker

Smoking of cigarette can cause additional free radicals. Oxidative damage is resulted from the accumulation of freeradicals in the body. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of free radicals, a marker of oxidative damage. -carotene is pro-vitamin A, an antioxidant known to quench singlet oxygen. Ferritin is thought to release excessiveiron in smokers, thereby increasing the oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation between -carotene and ferritin toward MDA level in Javanese smokers. This study was carried out in a case-control, crosssectional design nested with cluster sampling. Participants were Javanese smokers and non-smokers in Purworejodistrict, Central Java. Samples and data were obtained secondarily. The results were analyzed using independentsamples t-test and linear regression. The results showed that there was very weak negative correlation between -carotene with MDA (R square=0.013; p value=0.320) and very weak positive correlation between ferritin withMDA (R square=0.043; p value=0.067). There was no statistically significant relation of -carotene with MDA.Ferritin level was marginally influential upon MDA level as the marker of lipid peroxidation between smokers andnon-smokers. Aging apparently became the confounding variable by influencing the lipid peroxidation more efficientlythan smoking itself (p = 0.013). In conclusion, there was no significant relation between -carotene and ferritinwith MDA in smokers.Key words : smoking – cigarette – β-carotene – ferritin – malondialdehyd

Relation between f3-carotene and ferritinupon malondialdehyde in Javanese male smoker

Smoking of cigarette can cause additional free radicals. Oxidative damage is resulted from the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is the end product of free radicals, a marker of oxidative damage. B-carotene is pro-vitamin A, an antioxidant known to quench singlet oxygen. Ferritin is thought to release excessive iron in smokers, thereby increasing the oxidative stress. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relation between b-carotene and ferritin toward MDA level in Javanese smokers. This study was carried out in a case-control, cross sectional design nested with cluster sampling. Participants were Javanese smokers and non-smokers in Purworejo district, Central Java. Samples and data were obtained secondarily. The results were analyzed using independent samples t-test and linear regression. The results showed that there was very weak negative corelation between B-carotene with MDA (Rsquare= 0.013P value =0.320) and very weak positive correlation between ferritin with MDA (R square = 0.043P value = 0.067). There was no statistically significant relation of b-carotene with MDA. Ferritin level was marginally influential upon MDA level as the marker of lipid peroxidation between smokers and non-smokers. Aging apparently became the confounding variable by influencing the lipid peroxidation more efficiently than smoking itself (p = 0.013). In conclusion, there was no significant relation between b-carotene and ferritin with MDA in smokers

Accuracy of fine needle aspiration biopsy to diagnose lymphadenopathy in Dr.Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Lymphadenopathy is a non-specific enlargement of lymph nodes which may be caused by infection, cancer, or autoimmune disease. To date, only a few studies reported the diagnostic value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in lymphadenopathy. This study was performed to evaluate diagnostic reliability of FNAB for benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. The obtained data were statistically analyzed for its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Out of 126 collected FNAB cases with histopathological confirmed results in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, 85 (67.4%) were malignant lymphadenopathy, consisting of 42 metastatic tumor cases, 38 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cases, and 4 Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cases.The overall diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAB in lymphadenopathy was 85.88, 70.73, and 80.95%, respectively. In diagnosing metastatic tumors, FNAB had sensitivity of 83.33%; specificity of 89.28%; and accuracy of 87.3%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAB in diagnosing NHL was 60.52, 94.31, and 84.12%, respectively. FNAB had a sensitivity of 25%, specificity of 95,90%, and accuracy of 93.65% to diagnose HL. Meanwhile, the accuracy of FNAB in diagnosing malignancies in generalized lymphadenopathy, head-neck lymphadenopathy, and inguinal lymphadenopathy was 90.90; 81.39 and 44.44%, respectively. In conclusion,FNAB has moderate diagnostic value in diagnosing overall malignant lymphadenopathy, including metastatic tumors. FNAB also has some limitations in diagnosing NHL and HL, with sensitivity less than 70% for both diseases. However, it has high accuracy to diagnose generalized lymphadenopathy

Irinotecan chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidines versus irinotecan alone for overall survival and progression‐free survival in patients with advanced and/or metastatic colorectal cancer

ackground Chemotherapy is the treatment of choice in patients with advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) where surgical resection of metastases is not an option. Both irinotecan (IRI) and fluoropyrimidines are often included in first‐ or second‐ line chemotherapy treatment regimens in such patients. However, it is not clear whether combining these agents is superior to irinotecan alone. Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of two chemotherapeutic regimens, irinotecan monotherapy or irinotecan in combination with fluoropyrimidines, for patients with advanced CRC when administered in the first or second‐line settings. Search methods We searched the following electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials: Cochrane Colorectal Cancer Group Specialised Register (January 13, 2016), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)(The Cochrane Library Issue 12, 2016), Ovid MEDLINE (1950 to January 13, 2016), Ovid EMBASE (1974 to January 13, 2016), registers of controlled trials in progress, references cited in relevant publications and conference proceedings in related fields (BioMed Central and Medscape's Conference). The key authors or investigators of all eligible studies, and professionals in the field were contacted when necessary. The search from January 2016 identified one eligible study, an ongoing trial currently presented as an abstract, to be considered in an update of this review. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of IRI chemotherapy combined with fluoropyrimidine compared with IRI alone for the treatment of patients with advanced CRC, regardless of treatment line settings. Data collection and analysis Study eligibility and methodological quality were assessed independently by the two authors, and any disagreement was solved by a third author. The data collected from the studies were reviewed qualitatively and quantitatively using the Cochrane Collaboration statistical software RevMan 5.3. Main results Five studies were included in this review with a total of 1,726 patients. The top‐up search resulted in an additional ongoing trial, the results of which have not been incorporated in this review. Among five included studies, no reduction in all‐cause mortality was observed in the combination arm, with a summary hazard ratio (HR) of 0.91 (95% CI: 0.81‐1.02). Longer progression‐free survival was observed in those treated with the combination chemotherapy (HR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53‐0.87), however, this result may have been driven by findings from the single first‐line treatment setting study. The quality of evidence for overall survival was low and for progression‐free survival was moderate, mainly due to study limitation from the lack of information on randomisation methods and allocation concealment. There were higher risks of toxicity outcomes grade 3 or 4 diarrhoea and grade 1 or 2 alopecia, and a lower risk of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in controls compared to the invervention group. Evidence for toxicity has been assessed to be low to moderate quality. Authors' conclusions There was no overall survival benefit of the irinotecan and fluoropyrimidine treatment over irinotecan alone, thus both regimens remain reasonable options in treating patients with advanced or metastatic CRC. Given the low and moderate quality of the evidence, future studies with sufficient numbers of patients in each treatment arms are needed to clarify the benefit observed in progression‐free survival with combination irinotecan and fluoropyrimidines

Clinicopathologic Significance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 Expressions in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Background. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is both a global and national burden, being the third most common malignancy in men and the second in women, worldwide. The prognosis of CRC is affected by various factors like the histological grade, angiolymphatic invasion, and distant metastases. Metastasis is an intricate process; one of the possible mechanisms is through the interaction of the chemokines CXCL12 and CXCR4. This study aims to reveal the expression patterns of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in CRC. Methods. The quantitative expressions of CXCL12 and CXCR4 messenger RNA (mRNA) were evaluated in 32 patients with adenocarcinoma-type CRC. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on formalin-fixed tissues. CXCL12 and CXCR4’s expressions, clinicopathologic features, and the treatment response to the CRC were analysed. Results. All tumour tissues showed higher levels of both chemokines compared to normal colonic tissue. The expression of CXCL12 mRNA was higher in rectal location (p=0.04) with a tendency to be higher in later stages (p=0.15), while the expression of CXCR4 was lower in tumours with a lymphatic invasion (p=0.02), compared to their counterparts. There was no difference in the expression of CXCL12 and CXCR4 according to the patients’ ages, gender, tumour differentiation, or response to chemotherapy. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated that the mRNA expression of CXCL12 was significantly correlated with rectal location. CXCR4 mRNA expression was inversely correlated in tumours with a lymphatic invasion

Molecular Analysis of Colorectal Cancers Suggests a High Frequency of Lynch Syndrome in Indonesia

There is about three times higher incidence of young patients p = 0.035). Nonetheless, 30/50 (76.00%) cases among the EOCRC cases were non-LS (sporadic) and were significantly associated with a left-sided tumour. The overall survival of both “Probable Lynch” and non-LS (sporadic) groups (n = 227) was comparable (p = 0.59), with follow up period of 0–1845 days/61.5 months. Stage, node status, histological grading and ECOG score were significantly associated with patient overall survival (p p = 0.002). In summary, this study is the first to reveal a potentially higher frequency of LS among CRC patients in Indonesia, which may partially contribute to the reported much higher number of EOCRC as compared to the incidence in the West