ウイルス ワーム カンセン パターン カイセキ

仮想環境内でウイルス・ワームの感染速度やアクセスパターンを収集し、解析・視覚化を行うシステムを構築した。この解析システムでは、ウイルスの攻撃先IPアドレスの変化に相関が存在するかを解析するためのプロット図を表示でき、さらに、攻撃先の推移を動画で視覚的に表現することもできる。また、本解析システムは仮想環境を利用するため、駆除方法のわからない新種のウイルスを解析することが可能である。このシステムの検証として3つのウイルス(Blaster,Nimda,Sasser)をテスト解析し、順次攻撃、ローカル攻撃、ランダム攻撃の3つの感染パターンを抽出できた。We constructed a system that captures access patterns and infection speeds of virus-worms in a virtualized environment, and that analyzes and visualizes them. This analysis system plots the correlation graphs of virus\u27s target IP addresses, and visualizes the change of target addresses on movies. Futhermore, the analysis system can analyze unknown viruses to which no one knows removal methods by using of a virtualized environment. Three well-known viruses have been used for the check of this system, and it becomes clear that this system can extract three infection patterns, i.e., random-attack, sequential-attack, local-attack

Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling Mitigates Renal Dysfunction-Associated Heart Failure by Mechanisms Unrelated to Relief of Anemia

ObjectivesWe examined the effect of asialoerythropoietin (asialoEPO), a nonerythrogenic derivative of erythropoietin (EPO), on renal dysfunction-associated heart failure.BackgroundAlthough EPO is known to exert beneficial effects on cardiac function, the clinical benefits in patients with chronic kidney disease are controversial. It remains to be addressed whether previously reported outcomes were the result of relief of the anemia, adverse effects of EPO, or direct cardiovascular effects.MethodsMice underwent 5/6 nephrectomy to cause renal dysfunction. Eight weeks later, when renal dysfunction was established, anemia and cardiac dysfunction and remodeling were apparent. Mice were then assigned to receive saline (control), recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) at 5,000 IU (714 pmol)/kg, or asialoEPO at 714 pmol/kg, twice/week for 4 weeks.ResultsAlthough only rhEPO relieved the nephrectomy-induced anemia, both rhEPO and asialoEPO significantly and similarly mitigated left ventricular dilation and dysfunction. The hearts of rhEPO- or asialoEPO-treated mice showed less hypertrophy, reflecting decreases in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and degenerative subcellular changes, as well as significant attenuation of fibrosis, leukocyte infiltration, and oxidative deoxyribonucleic acid damage. These phenotypes were accompanied by restored expression of GATA-4, sarcomeric proteins, and vascular endothelial growth factor and decreased inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Finally, myocardial activation was observed of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription pathways in the treated mice.ConclusionsEPO receptor signaling exerts direct cardioprotection in an animal model of renal dysfunction-associated heart failure, probably by mitigating degenerative, pro-fibrosis, inflammatory, and oxidative processes but not through relief of anemia

琉球弧の奄美群島におけるユリ科ウケユリの自生地

ユリ科ウケユリは琉球列島固有植物で，絶滅が危惧されているが，近年の自生地の現状が不明であった。本研究は，鹿児島県の奄美大島，加計呂麻島，与路島，請島，徳之島においてウケユリの自生地を探索し，現存個体数とその生育環境を調査したものである。2007 年3 月から2008 年7 月に対象地域をほぼ網羅的に踏査した結果，奄美大島9 箇所，加計呂麻島2 箇所，請島6 箇所，徳之島1 箇所の計18 箇所において，374 個体の生育を確認した。このうち292 個体は茎に5 枚以上の葉をつけた大株で，その中の137 個体は花または若い果実をつけていた。さらに，実生の可能性がある小型の１６個体と，枯れた茎をつけた66 個体を確認した。生育場所は北緯27°50′から28°20′，東経128°55′から129°25′，標高174ｍから595ｍの範囲内に点在する露岩のほぼ垂直な壁面であった。ウケユリは林冠の被覆が無く日当りがよい岩壁の中部や上部に多く生育していた。露岩の周辺はスダジイなどを優占種とする常緑広葉樹の二次林であった

Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon

A search for new isotopes using in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238U beam has been carried out at the RI Beam Factory at the RIKEN Nishina Center. Fission fragments were analyzed and identified by using the superconducting in-flight separator BigRIPS. We observed 45 new neutron-rich isotopes: 71Mn, 73,74Fe, 76Co, 79Ni, 81,82Cu, 84,85Zn, 87Ga, 90Ge, 95Se, 98Br, 101Kr, 103Rb, 106,107Sr, 108,109Y, 111,112Zr, 114,115Nb, 115,116,117Mo, 119,120Tc, 121,122,123,124Ru, 123,124,125,126Rh, 127,128Pd, 133Cd, 138Sn, 140Sb, 143Te, 145I, 148Xe, and 152Ba

Final Results of TACTICS: A Randomized, Prospective Trial Comparing Transarterial Chemoembolization Plus Sorafenib to Transarteria Chemoembolization Alone in Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma

IntroductionSeveral clinical trials comparing the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus molecular-targeted agents versus TACE alone revealed no clinical benefits in progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS). Here, we report the final OS analysis from the TACTICS trial, which previously demonstrated significant improvement in PFS with TACE plus sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NCT01217034).MethodsPatients with unresectable HCC were randomized to a TACE plus sorafenib group (N = 80) or a TACE alone group (N = 76). Patients in the combination treatment group received sorafenib 400 mg once daily for 2-3 weeks before TACE, followed by 800 mg once daily during on-demand conventional TACE sessions until time to untreatable progression. In this trial, TACE-specific PFS was used. TACE-specific PFS is defined as the time from randomization to progressive disease (PD) or death from any cause, and PD was defined as untreatable progression, caused by the inability of a patient to further receive or benefit from TACE for reasons that include intrahepatic tumor progression (25% increase vs. baseline) according to response evaluation criteria in cancer of the liver, the detection of extrahepatic spread, vascular invasion, or transient deterioration of liver function to Child-Pugh C after TACE.ResultsAt the cut-off date of July 31, 2020, 131 OS events were observed. The median OS was 36.2 months with TACE plus sorafenib and 30.8 months with TACE alone (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.861; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.607-1.223; p = 0.40, ΔOS, 5.4 months). The updated PFS was 22.8 months with TACE plus sorafenib and 13.5 months with TACE alone (HR = 0.661; 95% CI, 0.466-0.938; p = 0.02). Post-trial treatments with active procedures/agents were received by 47 (58.8%) patients in the TACE plus sorafenib group and 58 (76.3%) in the TACE alone group (p = 0.01). In post hoc analysis, PFS and OS benefit were shown in HCC patients with tumor burden beyond up-to-7 criteria.ConclusionsIn TACTICS trial, TACE plus sorafenib did not show significant OS benefit over TACE alone; however, clinical meaningful OS prolongation and significantly improved PFS was observed. Thus, the TACE plus sorafenib can be considered a choice of treatment in intermediate-stage HCC, especially in patients with high tumor burden. Trial Registration: NCT01217034

Learning of spatial configurations of a co-actor's attended objects in joint visual search

Regarding the effects of joint action on visual memory, previous research has focused on the memory of a single object that a participant and their co-actor attended together (i.e., a shared situation), while the literature on memory has demonstrated that spatial regularity composed of multiple objects can also be learned. We aimed to examine whether the visuospatial regularity of the co-actor's attended objects could be strongly encoded. We repeatedly presented the same configuration of two targets and two sets of distractors in different colors (i.e., blue and red) to participants. In Experiment 1, pairs of participants simultaneously searched for the same target in the joint group while individual participants searched for the target alone in the single group. As a result, greater facilitation in reaction time was observed in earlier epochs in the joint group, reinforced by the learning of visuospatial regularity, compared to the single group. Experiment 2 examined whether the co-actor's attended context could be strongly encoded although two persons simultaneously searched for different targets (i.e., parallel situation) such that one searched for the blue target and the other for the red target. The results showed no evidence regarding participants' learning visuospatial regularity of the co-actor's attended objects, indicating that co-actor's learning information cannot be shared in this situation. This study revealed that facilitation of visuospatial learning in joint action would require two individuals to attend to the same objects when they perform the task

The contextual cueing effect disappears during joint search in preschool children

During preschool years, children's interacting with others increases. One of the involved developmental skills is task co -representation, through which children aged 5 years and older rep-resent a partner's task in a similar way to their own task. In adults, task co-representation makes participants attend to and form memories of objects relevant to both their own task and their part-ner's task; however, it is unclear whether children can also form such memories. In Experiment 1, we examined the memory facili-tation of joint search using a contextual cueing effect paradigm. Children were presented with search displays repeatedly with the same or random layouts and searched and responded to the target either alone (the single group; n = 32; M[age] = 73.6 months, range = 61-80) or with their parent (the joint group; n = 32; M[age] = 74.3 months, range = 64-81). Results showed that the search with the same layouts was faster than that with the random lay-outs for the single group, indicating that children form associative memories of target and distractors relevant to their own task. For the joint group, this effect was not statistically different from that of the single group, with exploratory analysis suggesting that it was disrupted. In Experiment 2, children performed the search with a peer (n = 32; M[age] = 72.7 months, range = 67-79) and the effect was also not found. Our findings suggest that the self's and partner's tasks are represented but might not be incorporated into associative memory in 5-and 6-year-old children.(c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Visual memory of a co-actor's target during joint search

Studies on joint action show that when two actors turn-takingly attend to each other's target that appears one at a time, a partner's target is accumulated in memory. However, in the real world, actors may not be certain that they attend to the same object because multiple objects often appear simultaneously. In this study, we asked participant pairs to search for different targets in parallel from multiple objects and investigated the memory of a partner's target. We employed the contextual cueing paradigm, in which repetitive search forms associative memory between a target and a configuration of distractors that facilitates search. During the learning phase, exemplars of three target categories (i.e., bird, shoe, and tricycle) were presented among unique objects, and participant pairs searched for them. In Experiment 1, it was followed by a memory test about target exemplars. Consequently, the partner's target was better recognized than the target that nobody searched for. In Experiments 2a and 2b, the memory test was replaced with the transfer phase, where one individual from the pair searched for the category that nobody had searched for while the other individual searched for the category the partner had searched for in the learning phase. The transfer phase did not show search facilitation underpinned by associative memory between the partner's target and distractors. These results suggest that when participant pairs search for different targets in parallel, they accumulate the partner's target in memory but may not form its associative memory with the distractors that facilitates its search

ウイルス・ワーム感染パターン解析

P(論文)仮想環境内でウイルス・ワームの感染速度やアクセスパターンを収集し、解析・視覚化を行うシステムを構築した。この解析システムでは、ウイルスの攻撃先IPアドレスの変化に相関が存在するかを解析するためのプロット図を表示でき、さらに、攻撃先の推移を動画で視覚的に表現することもできる。また、本解析システムは仮想環境を利用するため、駆除方法のわからない新種のウイルスを解析することが可能である。このシステムの検証として3つのウイルス(Blaster,Nimda,Sasser)をテスト解析し、順次攻撃、ローカル攻撃、ランダム攻撃の3つの感染パターンを抽出できた。We constructed a system that captures access patterns and infection speeds of virus-worms in a virtualized environment, and that analyzes and visualizes them. This analysis system plots the correlation graphs of virus's target IP addresses, and visualizes the change of target addresses on movies. Futhermore, the analysis system can analyze unknown viruses to which no one knows removal methods by using of a virtualized environment. Three well-known viruses have been used for the check of this system, and it becomes clear that this system can extract three infection patterns, i.e., random-attack, sequential-attack, local-attack