〈研究ノート〉清水登之日記「略誌」（1907 〜1916）その2

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Serine racemases from barley, Hordeum vulgare L., and other plant species represent a distinct eukaryotic group: gene cloning and recombinant protein characterization

Several D-amino acids have been identified in plants. However, the biosynthetic pathway to them is unclear. In this study, we cloned and sequenced a cDNA encoding a serine racemase from barley which contained an open reading frame encoding 337 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence showed significant identity to plant and mammalian serine racemases and contained conserved pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-binding lysine and PLP–interacting amino acid residues. The purified gene product catalyzed not only racemization of serine but also dehydration of serine to pyruvate. The enzyme requires PLP and divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, or Mn2+, but not ATP, whereas mammalian serine racemase activity is increased by ATP. In addition to the results regarding the effect of ATP on enzyme activity and the phylogenetic analysis of eukaryotic serine racemases, the antiserum against Arabidopsis serine racemase did not form a precipitate with barley and rice serine racemases. This suggests that plant serine racemases represent a distinct group in the eukaryotic serine racemase family and can be clustered into monocot and dicot types.</p

Villous Tumor of the Urinary Bladder Resembling Low-grade Mucinous Neoplasm of the Appendix

AbstractMucinous neoplasms of the urinary tract are very rare. We present a 63-year-old-women who had a sessile papillary villous tumor in urinary bladder. Although transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT) was performed, the villous tumor repetitively recurred and gradually spread to the entire surface of bladder lumen. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination showed that the lesion was very similar to low-grade mucinous neoplasm arising in appendix vermiformis. There are no reports on appendiceal metaplasia of urinary bladder mucosa. In this case, we describe this unprecedented neoplasm as “villous tumor of the urinary bladder resembling low-grade mucinous neoplasm of the appendix.

Effect of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine and Hydrogen Peroxide for the Duodenal Tumorigenesis in Relation to Blood Catalase Activity in Mice

Three different mouse strains, C3H/C^b_s C3H/HeN and B6C3 (C57BL x C3H) F1, having low, high and moderate catalase activities, were studied for duodenal tumorigenesis by the combined treatment with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)* and hydrogen peroxide (HPO). DMH alone rarely induced duodenal tumors. Administration of HPO into 3 different mouse strains induced different frequencies of duodenal tumors ; 91.7% in C3H/C^b_s 9.5% in C3H/HeN and 31.8% in B6C3F1 mice. The incidence of duodenal tumors was significantly increased to 52.6% and 93.8% both in C3H/HeN and B6C3F1 mice by the combined administration of DMH and HPO. These increases in duodenal tumor were inversely correlated with the finding that administration of DMH or HPO alone or combined treatment of DMH and HPO significantly decreased mean blood catalase activities both in C3H and B6C3F1 mice

Development of an Evolutionary Three-Dimensional Scroll Compressor

A novel three-dimensional scroll compressor was developed. The authors have produced 3D scroll compressor since 2004. The 3D scroll is able to compress refrigerant in axial direction as well as in existing radial direction by employing steps at the bottom and the tip of the scroll which change the height of compression chamber on the middle of the compression process. For the purpose of further performance improvement, the authors developed an evolutionary three-dimensional compression mechanism, named e-3D scroll . The e-3D scroll is equipped with a sloped tip and a sloped end plate in each scroll instead of the steps in the conventional 3D scroll. The height of compression chamber decreases continuously with progression of compression by the sloped shape. The e-3D scroll achieved considerable efficiency improvement compared to the conventional 3D scroll since there is no leakage loss in the steps while keeping the advantages of high compression ratio, large capacity and small size by the sloped tip and end plate. In addition, the noise and vibration of the e-3D scroll compressor reduced significantly since the rate of change of cylinder volume throughout the compression process and the torque variation in the rotation became smaller than the conventional 3D scroll. This article describes the compression mechanism and the performance improvement technology in the e-3D scroll

〈研究ノート〉清水登之日記「略誌」（1907～1916） その1

著作権保護のため、すべての掲載図版に墨消し処理を施しています

現象学における環境のとらえ方に関する考察

本論文は、保育における環境のとらえを現象学的アプローチを行うことにより、新しい視点を模索するものである。保育において、まま見られる、「子どもの目の輝き」「子どもをまるごと受けとめる」等の感覚的なとらえを理論的にアプローチする手段として現象学を用いた。保育において、感性は環境と関わりにおいて極めて重要な役割を担っている。星を見つめる、海をみて何かを感じる。虫の声を聞き、動物とたわむれることで子どもは何かを感じ取る。通常、それは感性の部類に属し、理論的に説明することは難しいと考えられる。そこで、それらの感性を科学的アプローチではなく、現象学的アプローチにその説明の役割を求めた。この環境との子どもとの関係に現象学的アプローチを求めたのは、子どもの日常的に環境と関わるし世知である。子どもが見た手遊び等で、モノと会話する状況に注目した。そのような子どもの特的に注目して環境との関係を考察した

Early Removal of the Prophylactic Drain After Distal Gastrectomy : Results of a Randomized Controlled Study.

Background: The optimal timing of the drain removal after gastrectomy has been unclear. The aim of this prospective randomized controlled study was to assess the optimal timing of removal of prophylactic drains after distal gastrectomy (DG) or pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG). Methods: All patients undergoing DG or PPG for gastric cancer were eligible for this study. The exclusion criteria were combined organ resection, the use of postoperative anticoagulant therapy, intraoperative injury of other organs and anastomotic problems. Just after the operation, the eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the early removal group (n=50), where the drain was removed in the morning of the postoperative day (POD) 1, or the control group (n=50), where the drain was removed on POD 3 or later. We compared the surgical outcomes between the groups. Results: The rate of overall postoperative complications was 18% in the early removal group and 18% in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups. The severity of complications was also similar between the groups. There were no significant differences between the groups with regard to the postoperative recovery, pain or the length of the postoperative hospital stay. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the early removal of prophylactic drains in selected patients undergoing DG or PPG for gastric cancer