596 research outputs found
Universal temperature dependence of the magnetization of gapped spin chains
Temperature dependence of the magnetization of the Haldane spin chain at
finite magnetic field is analyzed systematically. Quantum Monte Carlo data
indicates a clear minimum of magnetization as a function of temperature in the
gapless regime. On the basis of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, we argue
that this minimum is rather universal and can be observed for general axially
symmetric quasi-one-dimensional spin systems. Our argument is confirmed by the
magnetic-field dependence of the spin-wave velocity obtained numerically. One
can estimate a magnitude of the gap of any such systems by fitting the
experimental data with the magnetization minimum.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Field-induced carrier delocalization in the strain-induced Mott insulating state of an organic superconductor
We report the influence of the field effect on the dc resistance and Hall
coefficient in the strain-induced Mott insulating state of an organic
superconductor -(BEDT-TTF)Cu[N(CN)]Br. Conductivity obeys
the formula for activated transport , where is a constant and depends on
the gate voltage. The gate voltage dependence of the Hall coefficient shows
that, unlike in conventional FETs, the effective mobility of dense hole
carriers ( cm) is enhanced by a positive gate
voltage. This implies that carrier doping involves delocalization of intrinsic
carriers that were initially localized due to electron correlation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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Enantioselective Synthesis of Dialkylated N-Heterocycles by Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation
The enantioselective synthesis of α-disubstituted N-heterocyclic carbonyl compounds has been accomplished using palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation. These catalytic conditions enable access to various heterocycles, such as morpholinone, thiomorpholinone, oxazolidin-4-one, 1,2-oxazepan-3-one, 1,3-oxazinan-4-one, and structurally related lactams, all bearing fully substituted α-positions. Broad functional group tolerance was explored at the α-position in the morpholinone series. We demonstrate the utility of this method by performing various transformations on our useful products to readily access a number of enantioenriched compounds
An Efficient Protocol for the Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Decarboxylative Allylic Alkylation Using Low Palladium Concentrations and a Palladium(II) Precatalyst
Enantioselective catalytic allylic alkylation for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-2-allylcycloalkanones and 3,3-disubstituted pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperazinones has been previously reported by our laboratory. The efficient construction of chiral all-carbon quaternary centers by allylic alkylation was previously achieved with a catalyst derived in situ from zero-valent palladium sources and chiral phosphinooxazoline (PHOX) ligands. We now report an improved reaction protocol with broad applicability among different substrate classes in industry-compatible reaction media using loadings of palladium(II) acetate as low as 0.075 mol% and the readily available chiral PHOX ligands. The novel and highly efficient procedure enables facile scale-up of the reaction in an economical and sustainable fashion
Regulation of Mesodermal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Basement Membranes
This research was originally published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Hironobu Fujiwara, Yoshitaka Hayashi, Noriko Sanzen, Reiko Kobayashi, Charles N. Weber, Tomomi Emoto, Sugiko Futaki, Hitoshi Niwa, Patricia Murray, David Edgar and Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi. Regulation of Mesodermal Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells by Basement Membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 2007; 282: 29701–29711 © the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog
Linking the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions
We show that the electric glueball becomes critical at the end-point of the
deconfinement phase transition in finite temperature QCD. Based on this
observation and existing lattice data, we argue that the chiral phase
transition at a zero quark mass and the deconfinement phase transition at an
infinite quark mass are continuously connected by the glueball-sigma mixing.Comment: 4 pages, terminology corrected. To appear in Phys. Rev.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Connexin43 Expression in Infertile Human Testes
Connexin43 (Cx43) is abundantly expressed in mammalian testes and implicated in the regulation of cell-to-cell interaction between germ cells and Sertoli cells, which is essential to the normal process of spermatogenesis. In the present study, we investigated the relation between Cx43 expression and the degree of spermatogenesis in infertile human testes. Immunohistochemical analysis of Cx43 was performed on testicular biopsies from 29 patients with azoospermia (n=23) and severe oligospermia (n=6), who gave informed consent to this experiment. The degree of testicular spermatogenesis was evaluated by Johnsen score. In the interstitium, immunostaining for Cx43 was localized to some focal parts of plasma membrane between neighboring Leydig cells. In seminiferous tubules with normal spermatogenesis, Cx43 expression was found between Sertoli cells and germ cells. However, Cx43 expression in maturation arrest was decreased and located mainly in the basal compartment of seminiferous tubules. Finally, there was a significant positive correlation between histological score of spermatogenesis and intensity of Cx43 (p=0.0294). These data suggest that the alteration of Cx43 expression may be involved in spermatogenic impairment, and that the communication between Sertoli cells and germ cells through Cx43 may be important for maturation of spermatogenesis
BRST invariant Lagrangian of spontaneously broken gauge theories in noncommutative geometry
The quantization of spontaneously broken gauge theories in noncommutative
geometry(NCG) has been sought for some time, because quantization is crucial
for making the NCG approach a reliable and physically acceptable theory. Lee,
Hwang and Ne'eman recently succeeded in realizing the BRST quantization of
gauge theories in NCG in the matrix derivative approach proposed by Coquereaux
et al. The present author has proposed a characteristic formulation to
reconstruct a gauge theory in NCG on the discrete space .
Since this formulation is a generalization of the differential geometry on the
ordinary manifold to that on the discrete manifold, it is more familiar than
other approaches. In this paper, we show that within our formulation we can
obtain the BRST invariant Lagrangian in the same way as Lee, Hwang and Ne'eman
and apply it to the SU(2)U(1) gauge theory.Comment: RevTeX, page
Universality, the QCD critical/tricritical point and the quark number susceptibility
The quark number susceptibility near the QCD critical end-point (CEP), the
tricritical point (TCP) and the O(4) critical line at finite temperature and
quark chemical potential is investigated. Based on the universality argument
and numerical model calculations we propose a possibility that the hidden
tricritical point strongly affects the critical phenomena around the critical
end-point. We made a semi-quantitative study of the quark number susceptibility
near CEP/TCP for several quark masses on the basis of the
Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) potential for QCD in the improved-ladder
approximation. The results show that the susceptibility is enhanced in a wide
region around CEP inside which the critical exponent gradually changes from
that of CEP to that of TCP, indicating a crossover of different universality
classes.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figure
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