5-(1,3-Dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]dithiol-2-yl­idene)-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-c][1,2,5]thia­diazole: an unsymmetrical tetra­thia­fulvalene with fused 1,2,5-thia­diazole and 1,3-dithiole rings

The title unsymmetrical tetra­thia­fulvalene (TTF), C7H2N2S7, contains fused 1,2,5-thia­diazole and 1,3-dithiole rings and is a component mol­ecule for conducting organic solids. The TTF mol­ecule is disordered crystallographically over two orientations related by an inversion center, where each site is half-occupied. The mol­ecule is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.096 Å. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by short inter­molecular S⋯S inter­actions [3.47 (2), 3.507 (8) and 3.517 (13) Å]

Pressure ulcer surgery SSI risk factors

Aims : The most common postoperative complication when treating a pressure ulcer with a flap or primary closure is early wound dehiscence. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cause of early wound dehiscence and its associated risk factors. Early wound dehiscence was defined as the wound dehiscence within the post operation period where no weight or tension is applied to the wound. Methods : We conducted a retrospective study of 40 patients with pressure ulcers (69 sites). We calculated the significant difference in the incidence of wound dehiscence between the groups for the following 15 factors : age, obesity, emaciation, diabetes mellitus, smoking, ulcer site, musculocutaneous flap, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, presence of two or more types of bacteria, albumin level, C-reactive protein level, white blood cell count, hemoglobin level, operative time, and ulcer size. Results : Bacteria were detected in all wounds with early dehiscence, which was found in 28 (40.6%) of the 69 cases. C-reactive protein level, albumin level, musculocutaneous flap, and operative time were found to be risk factors for early wound dehiscence using the χ2-test and t-test. (P = 0.011, 0.045, 0.018, and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion : The cause of dehiscence was considered to be surgical site infection. C-reactive protein level, albumin level, musculocutaneous flap, and operative time may be risk factors of the occurrence of early wound dehiscence

5-Isopropyl­idene-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]dithiole-2-thione

The title compound, C7H6S5, contains a 5-yl­idene-1,3-dithiolo[4,5-d][1,3]dithiole-2-thione framework, which is an important synthetic precursor of multi-dimensional organic superconductors and conductors. The mol­ecular framework is planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.012 Å for the non-H atoms. In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are linked by short inter­molecular S⋯S inter­actions [3.501 (5) and 3.581 (4) Å], constructing a zigzag mol­ecular tape network along the c axis

Delayed healing at free ALT donor site

Background The free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been widely used for various kinds of reconstructions. However, delayed healing at the donor site occasionally occurs due to wound dehiscence or the partial loss of grafted skin at the donor site. The aim of the present study was to identify reliable predictive factors for delayed healing at the donor site after the harvest of a free ALT flap. Methods This study included 52 patients who underwent reconstructive procedures using free ALT flaps. The delayed healing group included patients with wounds at the donor site that had not healed over 3 weeks after surgery, and the normal healing group included patients who showed wound healing within 3 weeks after surgery. Multivariate logistic regression models were created to identify the risk factors for delayed healing at the ALT flap donor site. Results Among the 52 patients, 24 (46.2%) showed delayed healing at the donor site, and 6 patients required additional operative treatment. A high preoperative body mass index (BMI), smoking, and skin grafting were found to be significantly associated with delayed healing at the ALT donor site. Of the 37 patients who underwent skin grafting, 23 (62%) experienced delayed healing at the donor site. Conclusions A high preoperative BMI, smoking, and skin grafting were risk factors for delayed healing at the free ALT donor site. Skin grafting at the ALT donor site should be avoided in patients with a high BMI or a habit of smoking

Bis(tetra-n-butyl­ammonium) bis­(5,6-dicyano­pyrazine-2,3-dithiol­ato-κ2 S,S′)palladium(II)

In the title complex, (C16H36N)2[Pd(C6N4S2)2], the centrosymmetric dianion is planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.034 (8) Å. The PdII atom, lying on an inversion center, has a square-planar coordination geometry, with Pd—S bond lengths of 2.276 (3) and 2.294 (3) Å

マウスガードの自律神経活動への影響 : 瞳孔フラッシュ応答による定量的評価

Background:Recently, it has been reported that mouth guards (MGs), which reduce the incidence and severity of traumatic oral injuries in contact sports, may actually affect sports performance. We have observed that a majority of subjects showed improved dynamic visual acuity during head rotation when using a MG, but subjects who were unwilling to use a MG showed the opposite effect. Thus, we hypothesized that unpleasant sensations due to MGs may decrease sports performance.Methods:In this study, we measured autonomic nervous system activity to evaluate unpleasant sensations objectively and quantitatively by measuring the pupillary flash response (PFR) and heart rate variability (HRV), before, during, and after wearing 3- and 5-mm-thick custom-made MGs in 10 healthy subjects.Results:It was found that the 5-mm MG had a higher incidence of unpleasant sensations (50% of subjects) than did the 3-mm MG (10%). PFR (not HRV) analysis showed that both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activities increased in subjects with unpleasant sensations.Conclusions:We suggest that the unpleasant sensation induced this unusual autonomic nervous system response, which could not be detected by traditional methods such as HRV analysis. By using PFR analysis, it is possible to make MGs without unpleasant sensations for better sports performance.博士（医学）・乙第1306号・平成24年11月27日Copyright © 2012 Japanese Stomatological Society. Published by Elsevier Japan K

Perforator Vessels in Ischiorectal Fossa

Background: Perforator flaps based on the ischiorectal fossa (IRF) (ie, internal pudendal artery perforator flaps) are useful for perineal reconstruction. The three-dimensional characterization of perforator arteries in the IRF remains unclear, as the IRF contains thick adipose tissue as well as organs, such as the rectum, vagina, and urethra. This study aimed to evaluate perforators in the IRF to guide the safe elevation of skin flaps designed based on the IRF. Methods: IRF vessels were examined in 200 bilateral computed tomography angiography scans performed in 100 patients. We examined branching patterns arising from the internal iliac artery and the origins of the skin perforators in the IRF. Results: The branching patterns of the internal iliac artery were divided into three groups: perforators derived exclusively from the internal pudendal artery (78%), perforators derived from the internal pudendal artery and the inferior gluteal artery (18%), and perforators derived exclusively from the inferior gluteal artery (4%). The average number of perforators in the IRF was 1.5 ± 0.7. The number of perforators was significantly higher in women than in men. The perforator arteries were found exclusively around the medial and dorsal sides of the ischial tuberosity. Conclusions: We found that perforators in the IRF were stable. All cases had more than one skin perforator, which was mainly derived from the internal pudendal artery. Although perforators cannot be identified during flap elevation because the fatty tissue in the IRF is very thick, physicians must focus on preserving the perforator-containing fatty tissue around the ischial tuberosity

SPP and wound healing in hemodialysis patient

Background : Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia are often on hemodialysis. It is unclear which skin perfusion pressure (SPP) values, i.e., those measured immediately after hemodialysis on a hemodialysis day or those measured on a non-hemodialysis day, reflect the actual wound healing course in chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Methods : Eighteen patients undergoing hemodialysis (49 measurements) who were treated for leg ulcers due to critical limb ischemia were included in the study. The SPP values were divided into two groups : those measured immediately after hemodialysis (HD day group) and those measured on non-hemodialysis days (non-HD day group). The wound healing outcomes were investigated. The cutoff SPP value for predicting wound healing was set to ≥ 35 mmHg. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of SPP in each group were measured. The relationship between SPP and blood pressure was analyzed by regression analysis. Results : Significant differences were observed in the positive predictive value (HD day : 100%, non-HD day : 50% ; P = 0.002), The correlation coefficient was 0.698 in the HD day group and 0.292 in the non-HD day group. Diastolic blood pressure had a significant effect on SPP (P = 0.039). Conclusions : The measurements are best taken immediately after hemodialysis for more accuracy

3,8-Bis(4-chloro­phen­yl)-4,7-dimethyl­tricyclo­[4.2.2.02,5]deca-3,7-diene

The title tricyclic diene, C24H22Cl2, is the product of thermal ring-opening of a corresponding basketane (penta­cyclo­[4.4.0.02,5.03,8.04,7]deca­ne) derivative. The cyclo­butene ring is planar to within 0.0032 (12) Å and its geometry is normal. The two 4-chloro­phenyl groups are oriented in an approximately face-to-face conformation with a dihedral angle of 44.14 (6)° between them. The 4-chloro­phenyl group bonded to the cyclo­butene ring lies almost in the plane of the cyclo­butene ring, with a dihedral angle of 8.29 (17)° between the ring planes. The average intra­molecular C⋯C distance between the two C=C bonds is 2.92 Å. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are well separated with no close C—H⋯Cl or C—H⋯π inter­molecular inter­actions