スイコウ ポット シケン ニヨル カラシナ ノ セイイク ニ オヨボス バイヨウエキチュウ ナマリ オヨビ ビスマス ノウド ノ エイキョウ

Experiments were carried out to investigate the effect of Pb and Bi chelated by EDTA in nutrient solution medium on growth and Pb or Bi concentration of shoots and roots of Brassica Juncea. The shoot and root dry weight of B. Juncea under the condition of medium to which 100 μmol l-1 of Pb was given was almost equal to control. The Pb concentration of shoot of B. Juncea in 500μmol l-1 of Pb was 3.8 times higher than that in 100μmol l-1. B. Juncea under the condition of medium to which 100 μmol l-1 of Bi was given was decreased to 52-66 % of control. The Bi concentration of shoot of B. Juncea in 100μmol l-1 of Bi was almost equal to 50μmol l-1. It was considered that the decrease of growth in 500μmol l-1 of Pb was due to accumulate Pb in the shoot and root, but, that in 100μmol l-1 of Bi was due to accumulate Bi in the root. In this study, it was suggested that the growth of B. Juncea was inhibited by Pb and Bi in nutrient solution

Distribution of Holocene Marine Mud and Its Relation to Damage from the 1923 Earthquake Disaster in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Japan

Tokyo, which is located near the boundary between the North American and Philippine Sea plates, has been frequently struck by large earthquakes throughout the Holocene. The 1923 Taisho Kanto Earthquake is a rare historical earthquake that can be reconstructed in detail because abundant datasets were collected by investigations performed just after the earthquake. We examined 13,000 borehole logs from the Tokyo and Nakagawa lowlands to clarify the distribution and thickness of incised-valley fills and soft marine mud that had accumulated since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) on a grid with a resolution of 150 m × 150 m. We compared these datasets with the distribution of wooden house damage ratios caused by the Taisho Kanto Earthquake. Our results showed that the thickness of the soft mud, but not that of the incised-valley fills, was strongly correlated with the wooden house damage ratio. The mud content was >60%, water content was >30%, and S-wave velocity was ca. 100 m/s in the soft Holocene marine mud. The wooden house damage ratio was highest where the soft mud thickness was 20 m, because in those areas, both the soft mud and the wooden houses resonated with a natural period of ca. 1 s

Swelling and Gel/Sol Formation of Perchlorate-Type Layered Double Hydroxides in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acid-Related Zwitterionic Compounds

ClO₄^–MgAl-LDH3, a MgAl (Mg/Al = 3) layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing perchlorate, swells and forms colloidal suspensions (sols) via the gel state in concentrated aqueous solutions of zwitterionic compounds related to amino acids. In total, 36 zwitterionic compounds with different molecular structures and additional functional groups were examined at various concentrations, and the sol-formation ability was judged by the transmittance (at λ = 589 nm) of the resulting suspensions. At low concentration, the obtained suspensions were turbid, with transmittances of ∼0%. However, above the threshold concentration (0.3–1.0 M), osmotic swelling occurred and the transmittances of the suspensions increased sharply with increases in concentration to reach maximum values of 70–95%. The threshold concentration and maximum transmittance value depended on the structure and the location of the functional groups. The enhancement of the permittivity of water by the zwitterions and the formation of H-bond networks were assumed to be the reasons for the swelling phenomenon. Similar gel/sol formation was observed for ClO₄^–LDHs with Mg/Al = 2, Ni/Al = 2, 3, and Co/Al = 2 and some NO₃^–LDHs. Large ClO₄^–LDH films could be prepared by filtration of the colloidal suspensions followed by washing and drying processes

CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY THYMIC ADHERENT CELLS DURING RADIATION-INDUCED THYMIC LYMPHOMAGENESIS

CYTOKINE PRODUCTION BY THYMIC ADHERENT CELLS DURING RADIATION-INDUCED THYMIC LYMPHOMAGENESISAsako Nagayasu1,2, Shizuko Kakinuma2, Mayumi Nishimura2, Izumi Tanaka3, Hiroshi Ishihara3, Yoshiro Kobayashi1, Yoshiya Shimada2(1Dept .Biomol. Sci., Facul. Sci., Toho Univ., 2Low Dose Radiat. Effects Project. NIRS., 3Redox Regul. Res. Group, NIRS)\nCytokines produced by thymic macrophages regulate the normal development of thymocytes. These cytokines are also considered to influence the development of thymic lymphomas. The aim of this study was to elucidate the cytokine production by thymic macrophages during thymic lymphomagenesis. Five-weeks-old female B6 mice were irradiated with whole-body X-rays once a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Onset of thymic lymphoma was detected 12 weeks after the last exposure. The adherent cells isolated from thymi, which consisted of mostly macrophages as determined by phagocytosis of latex beads and staining with F4/80, were examined for cytokine production. It turned out that significant increase in the expression of IL1alpha, IL11, IL12p40 and IL13 was apparent 2 days after each irradiation. Interestingly, re-expression of these cytokines was observed again 2 weeks after the last exposure, when the pre-lymphoma cells appeared. TNFalpha production was significantly reduced 12 weeks after the last exposure, when the onset of neoplastic enlargement of thymi took place. The role of these cytokines in lymphomagenesis will be discussed4th International Workshop of Kyoto T Cell Conferenc

Anthropogenic impact records of nature for past hundred years extracted from stalagmites in caves found in the Nanatsugama Sandstone Formation, Saikai, Southwestern Japan

AbstractIn the Nanatsugama area, Saikai City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan, covered by Paleogene calcareous sandstone, the environmental change information for the past hundred years was extracted from growing stalagmites in two limestone caves. Their annual microbanding information was used for dating. From the Shimizu-do Cave stalagmites, the vegetation change from forest to grassland during 1500 to 1700 could be read using the carbon isotope and Mg/Ca ratios of the stalagmites. Before 1500, the stable carbon isotope ratios ranged from −9 to −10‰, which are characteristic of forest vegetation. From 1600 to 1700, the stable carbon isotope ratio increased (δ13C=−2‰), suggesting a drastic change to grassland vegetation probably for the purpose of collecting grasses for agricultural use. The increase in Mg/Ca due to the reduction in the biomass from 1500 to 1700 also showed the vegetation change from forest to grassland. A Ryuo-do Cave stalagmite recorded the change in the SO42− concentration several times during the period from 1600 to 1900. In addition to the sulfate of sea salt origin, the higher concentration and smaller δ34S of sulfate in the Ryuo-do Cave drip water compared to those in the Shimizu-do Cave drip water may be due to the oxidation of biogenic pyrite in the marine Kamashikiyama Tuff Formation, which covers the calcareous sandstone of the Nanatsugama Sandstone Formation. The oxidation of pyrite is promoted by the biological activity of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria under oxic conditions, indicating that the surface cover was repeatedly changed into non-paddy fields. The change in the SO42− concentration could then be related to the changes in the amount of the Nagasaki Prefecture coal production in the early 20th century and the China fossil fuel consumption in the late 20th century transported a long-distance by a monsoon from the China continent. Thus, the combination of annual microbanding information and the Mg2+ and SO42− concentrations and C and S stable isotope ratios of the stalagmites made it possible to extract local and/or global anthropogenic environmental changes in nature. The records extracted in this way were in good agreement with those partially extracted from ancient documents, ancient picture maps and topographical maps