Reduction of 7-Methyl- and 7-Phenyl-7-halobicyclo- [4.1.0] heptanes with Tributyltin Hydride

Each of the two geometrical isomers (1a and 1b) of 7-chloro-7-methylbicyclo-[4. 1. 0] heptane and the endo-methyl isomer (2a) of 7-bromo-7-methylbicyclo [4. 1. 0]-heptane were separately reduced with tributyltin hydride in a temperature range of 0 to 140°C, to give an isomeric mixture of 7-methylbicyclo[4. 1. 0]heptane (5). The endo : exo ratio in the product was 72±2 : 28±2, irrespective of the geometry of the starting halide. The reduction of 7-chloro-7-phenyIbicyclo [4. 1. 0] heptane (3) under similar conditions also proceeded nonstereospecifically to afford an isomeric mixture of 7-phenylbicyclo[4. 1. 0]heptane (6) with the endo : exo ratio of 90±2 : 10±2. The complete loss of stereospecificity in these reductions suggests that the intermediarily formed 7-methyl- and the 7-phenylbicyclo [4. 1. 0] hept-7-yl radicals are configurationally unstable and behave like a planar radical

Influência do material particulado atmosférico na incidência e mortalidade por câncer no município de São Paulo, Brasil

This study aimed to verify the impact of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) on cancer incidence and mortality in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Statistical techniques were used to investigate the relationship between PM10 on cancer incidence and mortality in selected districts. For some types of cancer (skin, lung, thyroid, larynx, and bladder) and some periods, the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 for incidence. Lung cancer mortality showed more correlations during the overall period. Spatial analysis showed that districts distant from the city center showed higher than expected relative risk, depending on the type of cancer. According to the study, urban PM10 can contribute to increased incidence of some cancers and may also contribute to increased cancer mortality. The results highlight the need to adopt measures to reduce atmospheric PM10 levels and the importance of their continuous monitoring

Sox11 balances dendritic morphogenesis with neuronal migration in the developing cerebral cortex

The coordinated mechanisms balancing promotion and suppression of dendritic morphogenesis are crucial for the development of the cerebral cortex. Although previous studies have revealed important transcription factors that promote dendritic morphogenesis during development, those that suppress dendritic morphogenesis are still largely unknown. Here we found that the expression levels of the transcription factor Sox11 decreased dramatically during dendritic morphogenesis. Our loss- and gain-of-function studies using postnatal electroporation and in utero electroporation indicate that Sox11 is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting dendritic morphogenesis of excitatory neurons in the mouse cerebral cortex during development. Interestingly, we found that precocious suppression of Sox11 expression caused precocious branching of neurites and a neuronal migration defect. We also found that the end of radial migration induced the reduction of Sox11 expression. These findings indicate that suppression of dendritic morphogenesis by Sox11 during radial migration is crucial for the formation of the cerebral cortex. © 2016 the authors

Host-feeding patterns of Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis (Diptera: Culicidae) in a ricefield agroecosystem.

金沢大学理工研究域　自然システム学系水田発生性蚊類成虫の吸血選択を調べるために, 佐賀県西有田町で1996及び1997年の5月から9月に成虫採集を行った。ドライアイス付加ライトトラップと吸虫管により合計31,804頭のコガタアカイエカとシナハマダラカ雌成虫を採集した。調査したすべての牛舎と豚舎ではライトトラップ採集により多数の成虫が捕獲されたが(牛舎7,933,豚6,441,鶏舎5,267), 鶏舎では吸血蚊がほとんど採集されなかった。コガタアカイエカとシナハマダラカの吸血率は, 牛舎と豚舎ではそれぞれ62%(N=7,113), 74%(N=7,261)であったが, 鶏舎では5%以下(N=5,267)であった。ELISAによる吸血源同定の結果, 両種とも鶏よりも牛と豚を選択していることが示された。また, 牛舎と隣接した鶏舎から採集された吸血蚊も90%以上(N=143)が牛を吸血していた。鶏よりも豚と牛から吸血する傾向は採集場所(棚田周辺か平野部), 採集方法(ライトトラップか吸虫管)を問わず観察された。 Adults of rice-field mosquitoes were collected between May and September of 1996 and 1997 in Nishi Arita, Saga Prefecture, Japan, to determine their feeding pattern in an area where animals were available in large numbers. In total, 31,804 female Culex tritaeniorhynchus and Anopheles sinensis were collected from animal sheds using dry ice-baited light traps and mouth aspiration. Light traps in all the animal sheds captured large numbers of mosquitoes (cowsheds 7,933,pigsties 6,441 and chicken sheds 5,267 mosquitoes), although few fed upon the chickens. Overall, 62% (N=7,113) of fed Cx. triaeniorhynchus and 74% (N=7,261) of An. sinensis were caught by light traps at the cowsheds and pigsties compared to less than 5% (N=5,267) at the chickens sheds. The type of animal in the shed was the most important factor determining the feeding rates. Blood-meal identification by direct ELISA indicated that both Cx. tritaeniorhynchus and An. sinensis preferred cows and pigs to chickens. Over 90% (N=143) of the fed mosquitoes collected from one chicken shed had fed upon cows in an adjoining cowshed. The tendency to feed upon cows and pigs more than on chickens was observed both in the hillside (terraced) and lowland ricefields. This trend is shown in the results obtained by both the aspirator and light trap collection methods

Results of the search for inspiraling compact star binaries from TAMA300's observation in 2000-2004

We analyze the data of TAMA300 detector to search for gravitational waves from inspiraling compact star binaries with masses of the component stars in the range 1-3Msolar. In this analysis, 2705 hours of data, taken during the years 2000-2004, are used for the event search. We combine the results of different observation runs, and obtained a single upper limit on the rate of the coalescence of compact binaries in our Galaxy of 20 per year at a 90% confidence level. In this upper limit, the effect of various systematic errors such like the uncertainty of the background estimation and the calibration of the detector's sensitivity are included.Comment: 8 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses revtex4.sty The author list was correcte

Observation results by the TAMA300 detector on gravitational wave bursts from stellar-core collapses

We present data-analysis schemes and results of observations with the TAMA300 gravitational-wave detector, targeting burst signals from stellar-core collapse events. In analyses for burst gravitational waves, the detection and fake-reduction schemes are different from well-investigated ones for a chirp-wave analysis, because precise waveform templates are not available. We used an excess-power filter for the extraction of gravitational-wave candidates, and developed two methods for the reduction of fake events caused by non-stationary noises of the detector. These analysis schemes were applied to real data from the TAMA300 interferometric gravitational wave detector. As a result, fake events were reduced by a factor of about 1000 in the best cases. The resultant event candidates were interpreted from an astronomical viewpoint. We set an upper limit of 2.2x10^3 events/sec on the burst gravitational-wave event rate in our Galaxy with a confidence level of 90%. This work sets a milestone and prospects on the search for burst gravitational waves, by establishing an analysis scheme for the observation data from an interferometric gravitational wave detector

The influence of particulate matter on the incidence and mortality cancer in São Paulo

Objetivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral verificar a influência do poluente atmosférico material particulado inalável (MP10) na incidência e na mortalidade por câncer, na cidade de São Paulo. Métodos. Os dados de câncer foram coletados do Registro de Câncer de São Paulo e os dados do poluente provenientes da CETESB. Foram utilizadas técnicas estatísticas para verificar a relação do MP10 sobre a incidência e a mortalidade por câncer (pele, pulmão, laringe, tireóide, estômago, próstata, colo do útero, mama, bexiga, cólon, esôfago e reto), nos distritos do Brás, Santana, Moóca, Cambuci, Moema, Freguesia do Ó, Campo Belo, Lapa, Consolação, Santo Amaro e São Miguel. Os distritos também foram agrupados, de acordo com as concentrações de MP10, para orientar a expansão da rede de monitoramento do poluente na cidade de São Paulo. Resultados. Os resultados mostraram que, para alguns tipos de câncer (pele, pulmão, tireóide, laringe e bexiga), os coeficientes de correlação estatística ficaram entre 0,60 e 0,80, em alguns períodos, para a incidência. Para a mortalidade, o câncer de pulmão apresentou mais correlações neste intervalo. O agrupamento dos distritos permitiu a formação de quatro grupos distintos, o que possibilitaria, após estudo técnico, a redistribuição de alguma estação de monitoramento do segundo grupo para outras regiões da cidade, como leste ou sul. A Análise Espacial mostrou que distritos distantes do centro da cidade apresentaram risco relativo (RR) acima do esperado, dependendo do tipo de câncer. Conclusões. O estudo mostrou que o poluente atmosférico MP10 tem correlação alta com a incidência de alguns tipos de câncer (pele, pulmão, tireóide, laringe e bexiga) e com a mortalidade por câncer de pulmão, em alguns períodos, na cidade de São Paulo. A expansão da rede de monitoramento de MP10, na cidade de São Paulo, poderia ser direcionada às regiões leste ou sulObjective. The general objective of this study was to verify the influence of pollutant inhalable particulate matter (PM10) on the incidence and cancer mortality in the city of São Paulo. Methods. The cancer data were collected from the Cancer Registry of São Paulo and pollutant data from the CETESB. Statistical techniques were used to investigate the relationship between PM10 and the incidence and mortality of cancer (skin, lung, larynx, thyroid, stomach, prostate, cervix, breast, bladder, colon, esophagus and rectum), in the districts of Brás, Santana, Moóca, Cambuci, Moema, Freguesia do Ó, Campo Belo, Lapa, Consolação, Santo Amaro and São Miguel. The districts were also grouped according to the concentrations of PM10, to guide the expansion of the pollutant monitoring network in São Paulo. Results. The results showed that for some types of cancer (skin, lung, thyroid, larynx and bladder), the statistical correlation coefficients were between 0.60 and 0.80, in some periods, for incidence. For mortality, lung cancer showed more correlations in this interval. The grouping of districts allowed the formation of four distinct groups, which would allow, after a technical study, the redistribution of any monitoring station in the second group to other parts of the city, like east or south. A Spatial Analysis showed that districts distant from the center presented a relative risk (RR) greater than expected, depending on the type of cancer. Conclusions. The study showed that air pollutant PM10 has high correlation with the incidence of some cancers (skin, lung, thyroid, larynx and bladder) and mortality from lung cancer in some periods, in São Paulo. The expansion of network monitoring PM10, in the city of São Paulo, could be targeted to areas east or sout