Cp*Co(III)触媒によるC-H結合の求電子剤への付加反応の開発

学位の種別:課程博士University of Tokyo(東京大学

A Practice of English Extensive Reading

The Foreign Language Center(FLC)of Jissen Women\u27s University offers an Integrated English course required for the first-year students. The aim of this course is to enhance motivation for the students to acquire English and help the students to be autonomous learners. On a trial basis, a practice of English extensive reading project was adopted in 2006 and has been improved year by year. The reason whywe focused on reading was that reading is both a thinking process and a productiveactivity. It is more than just receiving meaning in a literal sense. It involves bringing a greater thinking ability or cognitive effort. In our previous studies(Jones et al. 2009, 2010), we examined the significance and effect of extensive reading in learning English. The result suggested that extensive reading is an effective way to enhance students\u27 positive attitude toward learning English. In the first semester of 2011, all students who took the Integrated English course participated in the project. The total number of the students was 701,and the students\u27 majors were Japanese Literature, English, Food and Health Science, and Humanities and Social Sciences. In extensive reading, students do selfselected reading with only minimal accountability, writing brief summaries orcomments on what they have read. This paper will show how we managed the project and analyzes the data obtained, which demonstrated that extensive reading had a good influence on learners\u27 sense and attitude toward learning English

An Overview of English Extensive Reading Program

In this paper, we review the changes in attitude toward reading English shown by students as a result of participating in an extensive reading program. The top classes for each department studying Integrated English in the first semester of 2012 were given the challenge of reading extensively in English, using simple readers from leading publishers. Before and after the program, the non-English majors were asked to answer a questionnaire designed to reveal their attitudes toward reading English and to determine what methods they employed when reading in English. Specifically, they were asked in the pre-program questionnaire if they liked reading English, while in the post-program questionnaire they were asked if they had come to like reading English as a result of participating in the extensive reading program. They were also asked if they were worried about skipping unknown words and how often they resorted to using a dictionary when encountering such unknown words. The results showed that students given the choice to freely select books to read came to like reading English, whereas those students who were simply handed books to read did not show any change. At the same time, the students found that they did not need to worry about skipping words and became more independent of their dictionary

Laser Treatment CVD Diamond Coated Punch for Ultra-Fine Piercing of Metallic Sheets

CVD-diamond coated special tools have been widely utilized to prolong their tool life in practical production lines. WC (Co) punch for fine piercing of metallic sheets required for high wear-toughness to be free from chipping and damages and for high product quality to punch out the holes with sufficient dimensional accuracy. The laser trimming process was developed to reduce the surface roughness of diamond coating down to submicron level and to adjust its diamond layer dimensions with a sharp punch edge for accurate piercing. The pulsed laser irradiation was employed to demonstrate that micro-groove was accurately formed into the diamond coating. Less deterioration in the worked diamond film by this laser treatment was proved by the Raman spectroscopy. The femtosecond laser trimming was proposed to sharpen the punch edge down to 2 μm and to form the nano-textured punch side surfaces with the LIPSS (Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structuring)-period of 300 nm. Fine piercing experiments were performed to demonstrate that punch life was significantly extended to continuous punching in more than 10,000 shots and that mirror-shining hole surfaces were attained in every shot by regularly coining the nanotextures. The sharp punch edge with homogeneous edge profile was responsible for reduction of the induced damages into work sheet by piercing. The punch life was extended by the ejection mechanism of debris particles through the nanotextures on the punch side surface. The present laser treatment was useful in trimming and nanostructuring the complex-shaped punch edge for industrial application

Nitrogen Supersaturation of AISI316 Base Stainless Steels at 673 K and 623 K for Hardening and Microstructure Control

The high-density plasma nitriding at 673 K and 623 K was employed to make 10% of nitrogen supersaturation on AISI316 base austenitic stainless steels. The processing parameters and nitrogen-hydrogen gas flow ratio were optimized to increase the yield of N2+ ion and NH-radical for efficient nitriding. The nitrided AISI316 specimens were prepared for multidimensional analysis to describe the fundamental features of low-temperature plasma nitriding. First, macroscopic evaluation revealed that nitrogen supersaturation induced the γ-lattice expansion and the higher nitrogen content than 4% of mass in depth. The mesoscopic analysis describes the holding temperature and initial grain-size effects on the microstructure changes. Plastic straining, grain-size refinement, and nitrogen zone-boundary diffusion processes advance with nitrogen supersaturation to drive the inner nitriding behavior. The microscopic analysis explains the microstructure refinement, the two-phase structuring, and the microstructure modification. Through this multi-dimensional analysis, the essential characteristics of the low-temperature plasma nitriding of 316 austenitic stainless steels were precisely understood to extend the engineering treatise on the bulk nitrogen stainless steels for surface modification and treatment of stainless steels by nitriding. This plasma nitriding was applied to strengthen and harden the AISI316 wire surfaces toward its application on surgery wires

Infusion of Hypertonic Saline into the Lung Parenchyma during Radiofrequency Ablation of the Lungs with Multitined Expandable Electrodes:Results Using a Porcine Model

The present study was performed to clarify the effect of hypertonic saline infusion into the lung parenchyma on radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lungs. A total of 20 ablation zones were created in 3 pigs. The ablation zones were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (n6) consisted of ablation zones created by applying smaller radiofrequency (RF) power without saline infusion;group 2 (n5) zones were created by applying greater RF power without saline infusion;and group 3 (n9) zones were created by applying greater RF power with saline infusion. The techniques of saline infusion included administration of hypertonic saline 1ml before RFA, followed by continuous administration at a rate of 1ml/min during the first 2min after the initiation of RFA. The ablation parameters and coagulation necrosis volumes were compared among the groups. Group 3 had a tendency toward smaller mean impedance than group 1 (p0.059) and group 2 (p0.053). Group 3 showed significantly longer RF application time than group 2 (p0.004) and significantly greater maximum RF power than group 1 (p0.001) and group 2 (p0.004). Group 3 showed significantly larger coagulation necrosis volume (mean, 1,421mm3) than group 2 (mean, 858mm3, p0.039) and had a tendency toward larger necrosis volume than group 1 (mean, 878mm3, p0.077). Although this small study had limited statistical power, hypertonic saline infusion during RFA appeared to enlarge coagulation necrosis of the lung parenchyma.</p

A Survey of English Extensive Reading -With Special Reference to University Students\u27 Positive Attitude-

Reading in language teaching is the most important of the four skills though the current focus is on listening and speaking. Reading is both a thinking process and a productive activity. It is more than just receiving meaning in a literal sense. It involves using a greater thinking ability or cognitive effort. In this paper the authors examine extensive reading as a whole and practice a method of extensive reading that is most suitable to university students. First the authors instruct 200 students in introductory reading strategies of extensive reading. After that the authors give them a chance to read extensively through their free choice among approximately 500 different books. Prior to the beginning of this practice, the students were given a questionnaire about English language learning. The same questionnaire was administered at the end of the semester. The results suggest that extensive reading is an effective way to enhance students\u27 positive attitude toward learning English

Chiral Carboxylic Acid Assisted Enantioselective C-H Activation with Achiral (CpMIII)-M-x (M = Co, Rh, Ir) Catalysts

Enantioselective C-H functionalization is a powerful tool for synthesizing chiral molecules. In the past few years, the combination of high-valent group 9 metals with achiral Cp-x ligands and chiral carboxylic acids (CCA) has emerged as a promising catalytic system to enable selective cleavage and functionalization of enantiotopic C-H bonds. This Perspective summarizes the background, catalyst design, and applied reactions in detail, followed by a discussion of future directions