Subspace-Aware Feature Reconstruction for Unsupervised Anomaly Localization

Unsupervised anomaly localization, which plays a critical role in industrial manufacturing, is to identify anomalous regions that deviate from patterns established exclusively from nominal samples. Recent mainstream methods focus on approximating the target feature distribution by leveraging embeddings from ImageNet models. However, a common issue in many anomaly localization methods is the lack of adaptability of the feature approximations to specific targets. Consequently, their ability to effectively identify anomalous regions relies significantly on the data coverage provided by the finite resources in a memory bank. In this paper, we propose a novel subspace-aware feature reconstruction framework for anomaly localization. To achieve adaptive feature approximation, our proposed method involves the reconstruction of the feature representation through the self-expressive model designed to learn low-dimensional subspaces. Importantly, the sparsity of the subspace representation contributes to covering feature patterns from the same subspace with fewer resources, leading to a reduction in the memory bank. Extensive experiments across three industrial benchmark datasets demonstrate that our approach achieves competitive anomaly localization performance compared to state-of-the-art methods by adaptively reconstructing target features with a small number of samples

【講演録】 吉田初三郎と鳥瞰図

departmental bulletin pape

Laparoscopic extra-abdominal suturing technique for the repair of Larrey’s diaphragmatic hernia using the port closure needle (Endo Close®): A case report

AbstractIntroductionMorgagni’s or Larrey’s diaphragmatic hernias are relatively uncommon. If the defect is too large for primary closure, the use of a mesh is inevitable. Although primary closure is adaptable for relatively small defects, it is difficult to suture the hernial orifice in which the anterior rim is absent. Herein, we present the case of a patient with Larrey’s diaphragmatic hernia that was easily and securely repaired using the recently developed laparoscopic extra-abdominal suturing technique via the port closure needle (Endo Close®; Medtronic, Minneapolis, USA).Presentation of caseAn 89-year-old woman complaining of vomiting was transferred to our hospital. Computed tomography scan showed Larrey’s diaphragmatic hernia. Laparoscopic repair was performed after gastric decompression. We diagnosed Larrey’s hernia on the left side of the falciform ligament. The transverse colon was herniated through the defect. Since the hernial defect was located below the substernal space, there was no tissue to stitch at the anterior rim of the hernial orifice. We performed the extra-abdominal suturing technique, suturing the posterior rim of the hernia to the full thickness of the anterior abdominal wall using the port closure needle (Endo Close®) without the need for a mesh. The patient was discharged on the 8th postoperative day. There was no evidence of recurrence at 8 months postoperatively.DiscussionThe recently developed extra-abdominal suturing technique using Endo Close® to suture the full thickness of the anterior abdominal wall achieved secure mattress suture and easy extra-abdominal tying.ConclusionThis method may be useful in terms of easiness and security of suture

Effect of AZD1480 in an epidermal growth factor receptor-driven lung cancer model

Objective: STAT3 plays a vital role in inducing and maintaining a pro-carcinogenic inflammatory microenvironment and is reported to be a critical mediator of the oncogenic effects of EGFR mutations. STAT3 activation is mediated through JAK family kinases. We investigated the effect of the JAK1/2 inhibitor AZD1480 on lung tumors induced by an activating EGFR mutation. Materials and methods: Three EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant cell lines (RPC-9, PC-9/Van-R and PC-9/ER3) established from PC-9 harboring an EGFR exon19 deletion mutation were used. Growth inhibition was measured using an MIT assay. Effects of AZD1480 were also evaluated in the xenograft model and in the EGFR transgenic mice model. Protein expressions were assessed by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Group differences were compared using Student's t-test. To evaluate the efficacy of AZD1480 on survival, AZD1480 or vehicle was administered orally from 7 weeks of age of the transgenic mice. Overall survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The sensitivities of resistant and parent cells to AZD1480 were similar in vitro. AZD1480 (30 or 50 mg/kg/day, per os) reduced angiogenesis and revealed significant tumor regression in a mouse xenograft model: Subsequently, the transgenic mice were treated with AZD1480 (30 mg/kg/day) or vehicle alone. The numbers of lung tumors (long axis exceeding 1 mm) in the AZD1480-treated group and control group were 0.37 +/- 0.18 and 2.25 +/- 0.53 (p <0.001), respectively. AZD1480 treatment suppressed pSTAT3, pJAK1, pJAK2 and angiogenesis. The median survival time in the AZD1480-treated group (217 days) was significantly greater than that in the control group (106 days) (log-rank test, p <0.0001). Conclusion: AZD1480 may be effective against lung tumors driven by an activating EGER mutation

CINV related biomarkers and questionnaires

Purpose We assessed the efficacy of palonosetron (PAL) in comparison to granisetron (GRA) for the treatment of CINV using the self-assessment questionnaires. In addition, we analyzed the serum levels of emetic various biomarkers. Methods We conducted a randomized study of 70 patients naïve to chemotherapy. The primary endpoint was the late phase score on the MAT questionnaire. The plasma concentrations of the biomarkers were measured on days 1 and 3. Results There were no statistical differences in the scores on the questionnaires, but the mean values in response to PAL were higher than those in response to GRA. The value of ghrelin on day 1 was significantly higher for GRA than for PAL. Conclusions For the primary endpoint, the score of the late phase on the MAT questionnaire was not statistically different between the PAL and GRA treatment groups. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of ghrelin for the treatment of CINV

Effects of Abietane diterpenes from Rosmarinus officinalis on guinea pig hearts

A plant in the Lamiaceae family, rosemary ( Rosmarinus officinalis ) is a perennial shrub native to the Mediterranean region. The current study used right atrial specimens from guinea pigs to assess the biological activity of 3 catechol diterpenes with an abietane skeleton―carnosic acid (CA ― 1), demethylsalvicanol (DS ― 1), and carnosol (CN ― 1)―contained in rosemary. Administration of CA ― 1 had a positive inotropic effect (PIE) while administration of CN ― 1 conversely had a negative inotropic effect (NIE). Administration of DS ― 1 resulted in no changes in myocardial contractility. Administration of CA ― 1 or DS ― 1 did not result in significant changes in heart rate. However, administration of CN ― 1 had a negative chronotropic effect (NCE), and administration of CN ― 1 at a final concentration of 10 － 4 M caused cardiac arrest. In addition, the PIE of CA ― 1 was inhibited by prior administration of the phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor IBMX (5 μM)

High current densities in a highly photoluminescent organic single-crystal light-emitting transistor

We report the improvement of electron transport in 5,5'-bis(biphenylyl)-2,2':5',2 ''-terthiophene (BP3T) single crystals on a field-effect transistor configuration by systematically investigating the effects of device aging under pure nitrogen and optimizing the organic dielectric layer-fabrication process. We reduced the effect of electron traps and achieved extremely high current densities up to 10 kA/cm(2), which is one or two orders of magnitude greater than the current densities achieved in previous devices

Novel GUCY2D

Purpose. Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disease, is the earliest onset retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and is the most severe of hereditary retinal dystrophies. This study was conducted to investigate genetic and clinical features of LCA in a set of Japanese male twins with LCA. Methods. To identify causative mutations, 74 genes known to cause RP or LCA were examined by targeted-next generation sequencing (NGS). Targeted-NGS was performed using a custom designed Agilent HaloPlex target enrichment kit with Illumina Miseq sequencer. Identified potential pathogenic mutations were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Clinical analyses were based on ophthalmic examination, fundus photography, and electroretinography (ERG). Results. Compound heterozygous GUCY2D mutations of novel splicing mutation c.2113+2_2113+3insT and novel missense mutation p.L905P were detected in both twins. Their father and mother were heterozygous for c.2113+2_2113+3insT and p.L905P, respectively. The twins had phenotypic features similar to those previously reported in patients with GUCY2D mutations. This included early childhood onset of visual loss, nystagmus, unrecordable ERG, photophobia, and hyperopia. Conclusions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic and clinical features of Japanese LCA twins with GUCY2D mutation, which were detected using targeted-NGS

Green light emission from the edges of organic single-crystal transistors

We have fabricated ambipolar light-emitting field-effect transistors made of 1,4-bis(5-phenylthiophen-2-yl)benzene (AC5) single crystals, which have 35% fluorescent quantum efficiency. The obtained hole and electron mobilities were 2.9 x 10(-1) cm(2)/V s and 6.7 x 10(-3) cm(2)/V s, respectively. These are the highest values among AC5 transistors. Importantly, although the light emission from the crystal surface was less than the detection level of the camera, we observed bright and polarized light emission from the edge of the single crystals. This polarized edge emission is attributed to the strong self-assembled light-confining nature and perfectly aligned transition dipole moments, which are advantageous for future laser devices