23 research outputs found
Perturb Initial Features: Generalization of Neural Networks Under Sparse Features for Semi-supervised Node Classification
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are commonly used in semi-supervised settings.
Previous research has primarily focused on finding appropriate graph filters
(e.g. aggregation methods) to perform well on both homophilic and heterophilic
graphs. While these methods are effective, they can still suffer from the
sparsity of node features, where the initial data contain few non-zero
elements. This can lead to overfitting in certain dimensions in the first
projection matrix, as training samples may not cover the entire range of graph
filters (hyperplanes). To address this, we propose a novel data augmentation
strategy. Specifically, by flipping both the initial features and hyperplane,
we create additional space for training, which leads to more precise updates of
the learnable parameters and improved robustness for unseen features during
inference. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to mitigate
the overfitting caused by the initial features. Extensive experiments on
real-world datasets show that our proposed technique increases node
classification accuracy by up to 46.5% relatively
Is Signed Message Essential for Graph Neural Networks?
Message-passing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which collect information from
adjacent nodes, achieve satisfying results on homophilic graphs. However, their
performances are dismal in heterophilous graphs, and many researchers have
proposed a plethora of schemes to solve this problem. Especially, flipping the
sign of edges is rooted in a strong theoretical foundation, and attains
significant performance enhancements. Nonetheless, previous analyses assume a
binary class scenario and they may suffer from confined applicability. This
paper extends the prior understandings to multi-class scenarios and points out
two drawbacks: (1) the sign of multi-hop neighbors depends on the message
propagation paths and may incur inconsistency, (2) it also increases the
prediction uncertainty (e.g., conflict evidence) which can impede the stability
of the algorithm. Based on the theoretical understanding, we introduce a novel
strategy that is applicable to multi-class graphs. The proposed scheme combines
confidence calibration to secure robustness while reducing uncertainty. We show
the efficacy of our theorem through extensive experiments on six benchmark
graph datasets
Review-Based Domain Disentanglement without Duplicate Users or Contexts for Cross-Domain Recommendation
A cross-domain recommendation has shown promising results in solving
data-sparsity and cold-start problems. Despite such progress, existing methods
focus on domain-shareable information (overlapped users or same contexts) for a
knowledge transfer, and they fail to generalize well without such requirements.
To deal with these problems, we suggest utilizing review texts that are general
to most e-commerce systems. Our model (named SER) uses three text analysis
modules, guided by a single domain discriminator for disentangled
representation learning. Here, we suggest a novel optimization strategy that
can enhance the quality of domain disentanglement, and also debilitates
detrimental information of a source domain. Also, we extend the encoding
network from a single to multiple domains, which has proven to be powerful for
review-based recommender systems. Extensive experiments and ablation studies
demonstrate that our method is efficient, robust, and scalable compared to the
state-of-the-art single and cross-domain recommendation methods
Tele-Operated Lunar Rover Navigation Using Lidar
Near real-time tele-operated driving on the lunar surface remains constrained by bandwidth and signal latency despite the Moon s relative proximity. As part of our work within NASA s Human-Robotic Systems Project (HRS), we have developed a stand-alone modular LIDAR based safeguarded tele-operation system of hardware, middleware, navigation software and user interface. The system has been installed and tested on two distinct NASA rovers-JSC s Centaur2 lunar rover prototype and ARC s KRex research rover- and tested over several kilometers of tele-operated driving at average sustained speeds of 0.15 - 0.25 m/s around rocks, slopes and simulated lunar craters using a deliberately constrained telemetry link. The navigation system builds onboard terrain and hazard maps, returning highest priority sections to the off-board operator as permitted by bandwidth availability. It also analyzes hazard maps onboard and can stop the vehicle prior to contacting hazards. It is robust to severe pose errors and uses a novel scan alignment algorithm to compensate for attitude and elevation errors
Medios de Comunicación en Internet móvil: La televisión como modelo aún pendiente de éxito
La televisión en el móvil no ha acabado de arrancar comercialmente en la mayor parte de los países europeos. No existe una única razón que explique esta situación. Antes bien, cabe referirse a un conjunto de causas complejas (e interrelacionadas). En el lado de la oferta, deben analizarse aspectos técnicos (infraestructuras, estándares), económicos (modelos de negocio, disponibilidad de contenido) y normativos. En el lado de la demanda, es necesario investigar cuál es la utilidad que el servicio realmente (y no teóricamente) ofrece al consumidor y las circunstancias en que lo usaría. El estudio de todos estos factores es el objetivo de este artículo. Se concluye que la televisión móvil asentará su presencia en el mercado sólo si se sortean algunos de los obstáculos descritos, se pone el foco en el posible usuario (y no en el producto) y se cuenta con cierto apoyo institucional
Understanding of the Fintech Phenomenon in the Beholder???s Eyes in South Korea
Advances in information technology (IT) bring about technological innovation in financial businesses, referred to as financial technology (fintech), beyond the traditional financial industry. While fintech implies more convenient and various financial services to customers, it leads to more complexity in the financial sector, as different industry players (e.g., IT firms) can participate in financial businesses. The complexity of fintech causes controversial issues related to policies and the appropriate development direction. In order to provide insight into the current state of fintech, this study explores the fundamental understanding of the fintech phenomenon from the perspective of the major stakeholders (i.e., financial authorities, financial companies, IT firms) in South Korea. This study analyzed news articles, where those stakeholders expressed their arguments, by using a content analysis. The study also conducted an intensive examination of their arguments by using a core???periphery approach of social representations. This study found that while the three beholders had a common opinion on deregulation of the fintech industry, each of them had different knowledge of the phenomenon. By revealing each beholder???s structure of representations of fintech, this study not only provides common knowledge regarding fintech but also explicates the perceptual gaps among stakeholders. Findings of the study offer a big picture of current fintech initiatives, which can be useful knowledge for future research on fintech
The effects of second-screen viewing and the goal congruency of supplementary content on user perceptions
Users??? desire to view additional content while watching TV has increased significantly in recent years. This study investigates the optimal way to show supplementary content and evaluates the types of additional information that should be provided. We conduct two 2 (single screen vs. second screen) ?? 2 (providing additional content with congruent goals vs. incongruent goals) between-subjects design experiments, one with news information (utilitarian content) and the other with soft drama programming (hedonic content). The results showed that viewing supplemental content with related information on a different screen strengthens user perceptions of both news and drama. However, the interaction effect of second-screen viewing and the goals of additional content differed across the main types of TV content. The results of this study are relevant to both scholars and practitioners who seek ways to enhance the effectiveness of second-screen usage.clos
Individual Differences in Online Privacy Concern
We examined the effects of socio-demographics and personality traits on online privacy concern. We investigated this relationship in general and across different Internet functions. Using a large, diverse, population-representative sample (N = 5,242), we found that females, educated, and wealthier individuals tend to be concerned with online privacy to a greater extent. Among personality traits, agreeableness and conscientiousness were generally associated with an increased probability of being concerned with online privacy. These results imply that socio-demographics and personality traits provide explanatory insights into online privacy concern
Individual Willingness to Share Personal Health Information with Secondary Information Users in South Korea
People???s privacy concerns about electronic health records (EHRs) have been widely discussed. Given that in principle, patients have the right to control their information in EHRs, the system will not reach its full potential without their support. Although human beings are generally inclined toward privacy, contextual differences play a role in individual decisions to disclose personal information. Likewise, patients exhibit different responses in terms of sharing their health information in diverse scenarios. Empirical work on patients??? attitudes towards the secondary use of their health information is scarce. This study aims to investigate individuals??? willingness to share their health information based on anonymity, information type (partial vs. whole), and the type of information user (health professionals, health researchers, health-related governmental agencies, and other governmental agencies). Furthermore, this study attempts to examine the effects of interaction between the three factors. A survey was conducted in South Korea, and the data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA. Despite the recent rapid diffusion of EHRs in South Korea, there is little discussion of patients??? privacy in society. The results show that, although anonymity and the user type have a significant effect on willingness to share health information, the information type has no significant effect. The results also indicate that the willingness to share was higher for health-related governmental agencies and health professionals than for other governmental agencies. The findings reveal that, although willingness to share anonymous information does not vary significantly, the willingness differs for identified information. The study contributes to research on patients??? privacy behavior by analyzing their comprehensive responses to health information-sharing investigations
Users' Cognitive and Affective Response to the Risk to Privacy from a Smart Speaker
Smart speakers, which provide continuous real-time information and convenient services, increasingly permeate into users' homes. On the other hand, the environments of the smart speaker also cause privacy issues for the users by always listening to users' voices in their private homes. The privacy-prone environments of the smart speakers lead to the users' coping behaviors against privacy threats not only by increasing the users' privacy concerns but also by creating negative emotions. However, prior studies have predominantly focussed on cognitive frameworks and overlooked the impact of effect on users' coping behaviors in the context of privacy threats. Drawing on the stimuli-organisms-responses(S-O-R) framework, this study examines the mediating role of three representative negative emotions (anger, anxiety, disappointment) between users' privacy concerns and behaviors. The results indicate that the relationships between privacy concerns, negative emotions, and various privacy behaviors in the context of the smart speaker, emphasizing the mediating role of negative emotions. Findings of the study can enhance our knowledge of privacy research by adding the influence of effect in the cognitive-dominant framework