6,431 research outputs found
Broadcasting Stabilization for Dynamical Multi-Agent Systems
This paper deals with a stabilization problem for multi-agent systems, when all agents in a multi-agent system receive the same broadcasting control signal and the controller can measure not each agent output but the sum of all agent outputs. It is analytically shown that when the sum of all agent outputs is bounded with a certain broadcasting controller for a given reference, each agent output is separately bounded:stabilization of the sum of agent outputs always results in the stability of every agent output. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our theoretic findings in this paper
Broadcasting Stabilization for Dynamical Multi-Agent Systems
This paper deals with a stabilization problem for multi-agent systems, when all agents in a multi-agent system receive the same broadcasting control signal and the controller can measure not each agent output but the sum of all agent outputs. It is analytically shown that when the sum of all agent outputs is bounded with a certain broadcasting controller for a given reference, each agent output is separately bounded:stabilization of the sum of agent outputs always results in the stability of every agent output. A numerical example is presented to illustrate our theoretic findings in this paper
Microstructure and High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Cast 310S Alloy
High temperature deformation behavior of cast 310S stainless steel has been investigated in this study by performing tensile and compression tests at temperatures from 900 to 1200Ā°C. Rectangular ingots of which the dimensions were 350Ć350Ć100 in millimeter were cast using vacuum induction melting. Phase equilibrium was calculated using the FactSageĀ®, thermodynamic software and database. Thermal expansion coefficient was also measured on the ingot in the temperature range from room temperature to 1200Ā°C. Tensile strength of cast 310S stainless steel was 9 MPa at 1200Ā°C, which is a little higher than that of a wrought 310S. With temperature decreased, tensile strength increased rapidly and reached up to 72 MPa at 900Ā°C. Elongation also increased with temperature decreased. Microstructure observation revealed that Ļ phase was precipitated along the grain boundary and within the matrix over 1200Ā°C, which is detrimental to high temperature elongation
Microstructure and High Temperature Deformation Behavior of Cast 310S Alloy
High temperature deformation behavior of cast 310S stainless steel has been investigated in this study by performing tensile and compression tests at temperatures from 900 to 1200Ā°C. Rectangular ingots of which the dimensions were 350Ć350Ć100 in millimeter were cast using vacuum induction melting. Phase equilibrium was calculated using the FactSageĀ®, thermodynamic software and database. Thermal expansion coefficient was also measured on the ingot in the temperature range from room temperature to 1200Ā°C. Tensile strength of cast 310S stainless steel was 9 MPa at 1200Ā°C, which is a little higher than that of a wrought 310S. With temperature decreased, tensile strength increased rapidly and reached up to 72 MPa at 900Ā°C. Elongation also increased with temperature decreased. Microstructure observation revealed that Ļ phase was precipitated along the grain boundary and within the matrix over 1200Ā°C, which is detrimental to high temperature elongation
Solution-Processed Vertically Stacked Complementary Organic Circuits with Inkjet-Printed Routing
The fabrication and measurements of solutionāprocessed vertically stacked complementary organic fieldāeffect transistors (FETs) with a high static noise margin (SNM) are reported. In the device structure, a bottomāgate pātype organic FET (PFET) is vertically integrated on a topāgate nātype organic FET (NFET) with the gate shared inābetween. A new strategy has been proposed to maximize the SNM by matching the driving strengths of the PFET and the NFET by independently adjusting the dielectric capacitance of each type of transistor. Using ideally balanced inverters with the transistorāonātransistor structure, the first examples of universal logic gates by inkjetāprinted routing are demonstrated. It is believed that this work can be extended to largeāscale complementary integrated circuits with a high transistor density, simpler routing path, and high yield.1196Ysciescopu
Universal convex covering problems under translation and discrete rotations
We consider the smallest-area universal covering of planar objects of
perimeter 2 (or equivalently closed curves of length 2) allowing translation
and discrete rotations. In particular, we show that the solution is an
equilateral triangle of height 1 when translation and discrete rotation of
are allowed. Our proof is purely geometric and elementary. We also give
convex coverings of closed curves of length 2 under translation and discrete
rotations of multiples of and . We show a minimality of the
covering for discrete rotation of multiples of , which is an equilateral
triangle of height smaller than 1, and conjecture that the covering is the
smallest-area convex covering. Finally, we give the smallest-area convex
coverings of all unit segments under translation and discrete rotations
for all integers
Titanium dioxide induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated Fas upregulation and Bax activation
Background: Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used in many areas, including biomedicine, cosmetics, and environmental engineering. Recently, it has become evident that some TiO2 particles have a considerable cytotoxic effect in normal human cells. However, the molecular basis for the cytotoxicity of TiO2 has yet to be defined.Methods and results: In this study, we demonstrated that combined treatment with TiO2 nanoparticles sized less than 100 nm and ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-dependent upregulation of Fas and conformational activation of Bax in normal human cells. Treatment with P25 TiO2 nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic size distribution centered around 70 nm (TiO2P25-70) together with ultraviolet A irradiation-induced caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death, accompanied by transcriptional upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and conformational activation of Bax. In line with these results, knockdown of either Fas or Bax with specific siRNA significantly inhibited TiO2-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, inhibition of reactive oxygen species with an antioxidant, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, clearly suppressed upregulation of Fas, conformational activation of Bax, and subsequent apoptotic cell death in response to combination treatment using TiO2P25-70 and ultraviolet A irradiation.Conclusion: These results indicate that sub-100 nm sized TiO2 treatment under ultraviolet A irradiation induces apoptotic cell death through reactive oxygen species-mediated upregulation of the death receptor, Fas, and activation of the preapoptotic protein, Bax. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which nanosized particles induce activation of cell death signaling pathways would be critical for the development of prevention strategies to minimize the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials.This work was supported by the Korea Ministry of Environment and The Eco-Technopia 21 Project (091-091-081)
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