3,930 research outputs found
Comparison of Quality and Production by Different Silage Making Methods of Barley Cultivated in the Paddy after Rice Harvest
The objective of this study was to compare whether the productivity and production cost of whole crop barley was affected by silage making methods at early bloom stage in the rice field. In nutritive value, quality and palatability of silage, baled silage making method was a little higher than that of crushed silage making. On the other hand, in terms of dry matter and total digestible nutrient (TDN) production cost, proper work capacity at about 15 ha or more was desirable when making baled silage. In this case, the estimated dry matter production cost and TDN cost per ha was US 210 in baled silage making, and US 209 in crushed silage making, respectively
Youth Smoking, Cigarette Prices, and Anti-Smoking Sentiment
In this paper, we develop a new direct measure of state anti-smoking sentiment and merge it with micro data on youth smoking in 1992 and 2000. The empirical results from the cross-sectional models show two consistent patterns: after controlling for differences in state anti-smoking sentiment, the price of cigarettes has a weak and statistically insignificant influence on smoking participation; and state anti-smoking sentiment appears to be a potentially important influence on youth smoking participation. The cross-sectional results are corroborated by results from discrete time hazard models of smoking initiation that include state fixed effects. However, there is evidence of price-responsiveness in the conditional cigarette demand by youth and young adult smokers.
THE EFFECT OF SHOES ON KNEE KINETICS AND ANTERIOR TIBIAL TRANSLATION DURING SINGLE-LEG LANDING
The purpose of this study was to compare how knee kinematics and kinetics are influenced during single-leg landing in shod condition compared to barefoot condition. We hypothesized that the anterior tibial translation (ATT) and utilized coefficient of friction (uCoF) are greater in shod landing. Ten male subjects performed single-leg landing from a 0.3-m-high platform using their self-selected dominant lower limb under shod and barefoot condition. A force plate and a motion capture system were used for measuring ground reaction force and capturing kinematics data, respectively. The shod condition showed a significant higher ATT (p = 0.011) and uCoF (p = 0.022) at 30° flexion than barefoot condition. These findings would be considered as one of evidence that high shoe-surface friction increase ACL injury risks due to high ATT at extended knee position
Electronic structures of ZnCoO using photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy
Electronic structures of ZnCoO have been investigated using
photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The
Co 3d states are found to lie near the top of the O valence band, with a
peak around eV binding energy. The Co XAS spectrum provides
evidence that the Co ions in ZnCoO are in the divalent Co
() states under the tetrahedral symmetry. Our finding indicates that the
properly substituted Co ions for Zn sites will not produce the diluted
ferromagnetic semiconductor property.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
In-rich InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition
Growth mechanism of In-rich InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) was investigated. First, we examined the initial stage of InN growth on GaN template considering strain-relieving mechanisms such as defect generation, islanding, and alloy formation at 730 degrees C. It was found that, instead of formation of InN layer, defective In-rich InGaN layer with thickness fluctuations was formed to relieve large lattice mismatch over 10% between InN and GaN. By introducing growth interruption (GI) before GaN capping at the same temperature, however, atomically flat InGaN/GaN interfaces were observed, and the quality of In-rich InGaN layer was greatly improved. We found that decomposition and mass transport processes during GI in InGaN layer are responsible for this phenomenon. There exists severe decomposition in InGaN layer during GI, and a 1-nm-thick InGaN layer remained after GI due to stronger bond strength near the InGaN/GaN interface. It was observed that the mass transport processes actively occurred during GI in InGaN layer above 730 degrees C so that defect annihilation in InGaN layer was greatly enhanced. Finally, based on these experimental results, we propose the growth mechanism of In-rich InGaN/GaN QWs using GI.open9
Enhanced Quantum Effects in an Ultra-Small Coulomb Blockaded Device Operating at Room-Temperature
An ultra-small Coulomb blockade device can be regarded as a mesoscopic
artificial atom system and provides a rich experimental environment for
studying quantum transport phenomena[1]. Previously, these quantum effects have
been investigated using relatively large devices at ultra-low temperatures,
where they give rise to a fine additional structure on the Coulomb oscillations
[2-13]. Here, we report transport measurements carried out on a sub-2nm
single-electron device; this size is sufficiently small that Coulomb blockade,
and other quantum effects, persist up to room temperature (RT). These devices
were made by scaling the size of a FinFET structure down to an ultimate
limiting form, resulting in the reliable formation of a sub-2nm silicon Coulomb
island. Four clear Coulomb diamonds can be observed at RT and the 2nd Coulomb
diamond is unusually large, due to quantum confinement. The observed
characteristics are successfully modeled on the basis of a very low electron
number on the island, combined with Pauli spin exclusion. These effects offer
additional functionality for future RT-operating single-electron device
applicationsComment: 7 pages, 4 figure
High-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction study of Zr-rich compositions of Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (0.525 <= x <= 0.60): Evidence for the absence of the rhombohedral phase
Results of Rietveld analysis of the synchrotron x-ray diffraction data on Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O-3 (PZT) for 0.525 0.54.open114749sciescopu
Brain Structural Networks Associated with Intelligence and Visuomotor Ability
Increasing evidence indicates that multiple structures in the brain are associated with intelligence
and cognitive function at the network level. The association between the grey matter (GM) structural
network and intelligence and cognition is not well understood. We applied a multivariate approach
to identify the pattern of GM and link the structural network to intelligence and cognitive functions.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging was acquired from 92 healthy individuals. Source-based
morphometry analysis was applied to the imaging data to extract GM structural covariance. We
assessed the intelligence, verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive functioning of the
participants and further investigated the correlations of the GM structural networks with intelligence
and cognitive functions. Six GM structural networks were identified. The cerebello-parietal component
and the frontal component were significantly associated with intelligence. The parietal and frontal
regions were each distinctively associated with intelligence by maintaining structural networks with
the cerebellum and the temporal region, respectively. The cerebellar component was associated
with visuomotor ability. Our results support the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence by
demonstrating how each core region for intelligence works in concert with other regions. In addition,
we revealed how the cerebellum is associated with intelligence and cognitive functions
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