17,073 research outputs found
Renormalization analysis of intermittency in two coupled maps
The critical behavior for intermittency is studied in two coupled
one-dimensional (1D) maps. We find two fixed maps of an approximate
renormalization operator in the space of coupled maps. Each fixed map has a
common relavant eigenvaule associated with the scaling of the control parameter
of the uncoupled one-dimensional map. However, the relevant ``coupling
eigenvalue'' associated with coupling perturbation varies depending on the
fixed maps. These renormalization results are also confirmed for a
linearly-coupled case.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX, 2 eps figure
Ultra-stripped Type Ic supernovae from close binary evolution
Recent discoveries of weak and fast optical transients raise the question of
their origin. We investigate the minimum ejecta mass associated with
core-collapse supernovae (SNe) of Type Ic. We show that mass transfer from a
helium star to a compact companion can produce an ultra-stripped core which
undergoes iron core collapse and leads to an extremely fast and faint SN Ic. In
this Letter, a detailed example is presented in which the pre-SN stellar mass
is barely above the Chandrasekhar limit, resulting in the ejection of only
~0.05-0.20 M_sun of material and the formation of a low-mass neutron star. We
compute synthetic light curves of this case and demonstrate that SN 2005ek
could be explained by our model. We estimate that the fraction of such
ultra-stripped to all SNe could be as high as 0.001-0.01. Finally, we argue
that the second explosion in some double neutron star systems (for example, the
double pulsar PSR J0737-3039B) was likely associated with an ultra-stripped SN
Ic.Comment: ApJ Letters, in press, 6 pages, 5 figures (emulateapj style). Very
minor changes to match printed version. Follow DOI link below for online
published versio
Outcomes of psychological therapies for prisoners with mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Objective: Prisoners worldwide have substantial mental health needs, but the efficacy of psychological therapy in prisons is unknown. We aimed to systematically review psychological therapies with mental health outcomes in prisoners and qualitatively summarize difficulties in conducting randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Method: We systematically identified RCTs of psychological therapies with mental health outcomes in prisoners (37 studies). Effect sizes were calculated and meta-analyzed. Eligible studies were assessed for quality. Subgroup and metaregression analyses were conducted to examine sources of between-study heterogeneity. Thematic analysis reviewed difficulties in conducting prison RCTs.
Results: In 37 identified studies, psychological therapies showed a medium effect size (0.50, 95% CI [0.34, 0.66]) with high levels of heterogeneity with the most evidence for CBT and mindfulness-based trials. Studies that used no treatment (0.77, 95% CI [0.50, 1.03]) or waitlist controls (0.71, 95% CI [0.43, 1.00]) had larger effect sizes than those that had treatment-as-usual or other psychological therapies as controls (0.21, 95% CI [0.01, 0.41]). Effects were not sustained on follow-up at 3 and 6 months. No differences were found between group and individual therapy, or different treatment types. The use of a fidelity measure was associated with lower effect sizes. Qualitative analysis identified difficulties with follow-up and institutional constraints on scheduling and implementation of trials.
Conclusions: CBT and mindfulness-based therapies are modestly effective in prisoners for depression and anxiety outcomes. In prisons with existing psychological therapies, more evidence is required before additional therapies can be recommended
New Measurements of Ge Decay: Impact on the Gallium Anomaly
A dedicated high-statistics measurement of the Ge half-life is found
to be in accurate agreement with an accepted value of 11.430.03 d,
eliminating a recently proposed route to bypass the "gallium anomaly" affecting
several neutrino experiments. Our data also severely constrain the possibility
of Ge decay to low-energy excited levels of the Ga daughter
nucleus as a solution to this puzzle. Additional unpublished measurements of
this decay are discussed. Following the incorporation of this new information,
the gallium anomaly survives with high statistical significance.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure
On the origin of microturbulence in hot stars
We present results from the first extensive study of convection zones in the
envelopes of hot massive stars, which are caused by opacity peaks associated
with iron and helium ionization. These convective regions can be located very
close to the stellar surface. Recent observations of microturbulence in massive
stars from the VLT-Flames survey are in good agreement with our predictions
concerning the occurrence and the strength of sub-surface convection in hot
stars. We argue further that convection close to the surface may trigger
clumping at the base of the stellar wind of massive stars.Comment: to appear in Comm. in Astroseismology - Proceedings of the 38th
LIAC/HELAS-ESTA/BAG, 200
Nano granular metallic Fe - oxygen deficient TiO composite films: A room temperature, highly carrier polarized magnetic semiconductor
Nano granular metallic iron (Fe) and titanium dioxide (TiO) were
co-deposited on (100) lanthanum aluminate (LaAlO) substrates in a low
oxygen chamber pressure using a pulsed laser ablation deposition (PLD)
technique. The co-deposition of Fe and TiO resulted in 10 nm
metallic Fe spherical grains suspended within a TiO matrix. The
films show ferromagnetic behavior with a saturation magnetization of 3100 Gauss
at room temperature. Our estimate of the saturation magnetization based on the
size and distribution of the Fe spheres agreed well with the measured value.
The film composite structure was characterized as p-type magnetic semiconductor
at 300 K with a carrier density of the order of . The
hole carriers were excited at the interface between the nano granular Fe and
TiO matrix similar to holes excited in the metal/n-type
semiconductor interface commonly observed in Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS)
devices. From the large anomalous Hall effect directly observed in these films
it follows that the holes at the interface were strongly spin polarized.
Structure and magneto transport properties suggested that these PLD films have
potential nano spintronics applications.Comment: 6 pages in Latex including 8 figure
Absence of ferromagnetism in Co and Mn substituted polycrystalline ZnO
We discuss the properties of semiconducting bulk ZnO when substituted with
the magnetic transition metal ions Mn and Co, with substituent fraction ranging
from = 0.02 to = 0.15. The magnetic properties were measured as a
function of magnetic field and temperature and we find no evidence for magnetic
ordering in these systems down to = 2 K. The magnetization can be fit by
the sum of a Curie-Weiss term with a Weiss temperature of 100 K and
a Curie term. We attribute this behavior to contributions from both \textit{t}M
ions with \textit{t}M nearest neighbors and from isolated spins. This
particular functional form for the susceptibility is used to explain why no
ordering is observed in \textit{t}M substituted ZnO samples despite the large
values of the Weiss temperature. We also discuss in detail the methods we used
to minimize any impurity contributions to the magnetic signal.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (revised
Effective Action of QED in Electric Field Backgrounds II: Spatially Localized Fields
We find the Bogoliubov coefficient from the tunneling boundary condition on a
charged particle coupled to a static electric field and,
using the regularization scheme in Phys. Rev. D 78, 105013 (2008), obtain the
exact one-loop effective action in scalar and spinor QED. It is shown that the
effective action satisfies the general relation between the vacuum persistence
and the mean number of produced pairs. We advance an approximation method for
general electric fields and show the duality between the space-dependent and
time-dependent electric fields of the same form at the leading order of the
effective actions.Comment: RevTex 7 pages, no figure; extension of arXiv:0807.2696 to
space-dependent electric fields; new section added on approximate effective
actions in general electric fields and conclusion shortened; references
added; replaced by the version to be published in Phys. Rev.
Cosmic-Ray Proton and Helium Spectra from the First CREAM Flight
Cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra have been measured with the
balloon-borne Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass experiment flown for 42 days in
Antarctica in the 2004-2005 austral summer season. High-energy cosmic-ray data
were collected at an average altitude of ~38.5 km with an average atmospheric
overburden of ~3.9 g cm. Individual elements are clearly separated with
a charge resolution of ~0.15 e (in charge units) and ~0.2 e for protons and
helium nuclei, respectively. The measured spectra at the top of the atmosphere
are represented by power laws with a spectral index of -2.66 0.02 for
protons from 2.5 TeV to 250 TeV and -2.58 0.02 for helium nuclei from 630
GeV/nucleon to 63 TeV/nucleon. They are harder than previous measurements at a
few tens of GeV/nucleon. The helium flux is higher than that expected from the
extrapolation of the power law fitted to the lower-energy data. The relative
abundance of protons to helium nuclei is 9.1 0.5 for the range from 2.5
TeV/nucleon to 63 TeV/nucleon. This ratio is considerably smaller than the
previous measurements at a few tens of GeV/nucleon.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure
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