Emission of Spin-correlated Matter-wave Jets from Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates

We report the observation of matter-wave jet emission in a strongly ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate of $^7$Li atoms. Directional atomic beams with $|{F=1,m_F=1}\rangle$ and $|{F=1,m_F=-1}\rangle$ spin states are generated from $|{F=1,m_F=0}\rangle$ state condensates, or vice versa. This results from collective spin-mixing scattering events, where spontaneously produced pairs of atoms with opposite momentum facilitates additional spin-mixing collisions as they pass through the condensates. The matter-wave jets of different spin states ($|{F=1,m_F=\pm1}\rangle$) can be a macroscopic Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen state with spacelike separation. Its spin-momentum correlations are studied by using the angular correlation function for each spin state. Rotating the spin axis, the inter-spin and intra-spin momentum correlation peaks display a high contrast oscillation, indicating collective coherence of the atomic ensembles. We provide numerical calculations that describe the experimental results at a quantitative level and can identify its entanglement after 100~ms of a long time-of-flight.Comment: 13 pages(6 main text, 7 supplemental material), 12 figure

A personal glucose meter-utilized strategy for portable and label-free detection of hydrogen peroxide

Rapid and precise detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) holds great significance since it is linked to numerous physiological and inorganic catalytic processes. We herein developed a label-free and washing-free strategy to detect H2O2 by employing a hand-held personal glucose meter (PGM) as a signal readout device. By focusing on the fact that the reduced redox mediator ([Fe(CN)6]4-) itself is responsible for the final PGM signal, we developed a new PGM-based strategy to detect H2O2 by utilizing the target H2O2-mediated oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4- to [Fe(CN)6]3- in the presence of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and monitoring the reduced PGM signal in response to the target amount. Based on this straightforward and facile design principle, H2O2 was successfully determined down to 3.63 μM with high specificity against various non-target molecules. We further demonstrated that this strategy could be expanded to identify another model target choline by detecting H2O2 produced through its oxidation promoted by choline oxidase. Moreover, we verified its practical applicability by reliably determining extracellular H2O2 released from the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. This work could evolve into versatile PGM-based platform technology to identify various non-glucose target molecules by employing their corresponding oxidase enzymes, greatly advancing the portable biosensing technologies

Universality Class Of A Spinor Bose–Einstein Condensate Far From Equilibrium

Scale Invariance And Self-Similarity In Physics Provide A Unified Framework For Classifying Phases Of Matter And Dynamical Properties Near Equilibrium In Both Classical And Quantum Systems. This Paradigm Has Been Further Extended To Isolated Many-Body Quantum Systems Driven Far From Equilibrium, For Which The Physical Observables Exhibit Dynamical Scaling With Universal Scaling Exponents. Universal Dynamics Appear In A Wide Range Of Scenarios, Including Cosmology, Quark–gluon Matter, Ultracold Atoms And Quantum Spin Magnets. However, How The Universal Dynamics Depend On The Symmetry Of The Underlying Hamiltonian In Non-Equilibrium Systems Remains An Outstanding Challenge. Here We Report On The Classification Of Universal Coarsening Dynamics In A Quenched Two-Dimensional Ferromagnetic Spinor Bose Gas. We Observe Spatio-Temporal Scaling Of Spin Correlation Functions With Distinguishable Scaling Exponents That Characterize Binary And Diffusive Fluids. The Universality Class Of The Coarsening Dynamics Is Determined By The Symmetry Of The Order Parameter And The Dynamics Of The Topological Defects, Such As Domain Walls And Vortices. Our Results Categorize The Universality Classes Of Far-From-Equilibrium Quantum Dynamics Based On The Symmetry Properties Of The System

Automated comprehensive CT assessment of the risk of diabetes and associated cardiometabolic conditions

BackgroundCT, performed for various clinical indications has the potential to predict cardiometabolic diseases. However, the predictive ability of individual CT parameters remains underexplored.PurposeTo evaluate the ability of automated CT-derived markers to predict diabetes and associated cardiometabolic comorbidities.Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included Korean adults (age ≥25 years) who underwent health screening with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT between January 2012 and December 2015. Fully automated CT markers included visceral/subcutaneous fat, muscle, bone density, liver fat, all normalized to height (m2) and aortic calcification. Predictive performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and Harrell C-index in the cross-sectional and survival analyses, respectively.ResultsThe cross-sectional and cohort analyses included 32166 (mean age, 44.6 years ±5.7 [SD], 28833 men) and 27298 adults (mean age, 43.8 years ±4.8 [SD], 24820 men), respectively. Diabetes prevalence and incidence were 6% at baseline and 9% during the 7.3-year median follow-up, respectively. The visceral fat index showed the highest predictive performance for prevalent and incident diabetes, yielding AUCs of 0.70 (95%CI: 0.68, 0.71) in men and 0.82 (95%CI: 0.78, 0.85) in women, and Harrell C-indices of 0.68 (95%CI: 0.67, 0.69) in men and 0.82 (95%CI: 0.77, 0.86) in women, respectively. Combining the visceral fat, muscle area indices, liver fat fraction, and aortic calcification improved the predictive performance, yielding Harrell C-indices of 0.69 (95%CI: 0.68, 0.71) in men and 0.83 (95%CI: 0.78, 0.87) in women. Visceral fat index AUCs for identifying metabolic syndrome were 0.81 (95%CI: 0.80, 0.81) in men and 0.90 (95%CI: 0.88, 0.91) in women. Automated CT-derived markers also identified US-diagnosed fatty liver, coronary artery calcium scores &gt;100, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis, with AUCs ranging from 0.80 to 0.95.ConclusionAutomated comprehensive multiorgan CT analysis identified individuals at current and future high risk of diabetes and other cardiometabolic comorbidities.<br/

Collective behaviors of second-order nonlinear consensus models with a bonding force

We study the collective behaviors of two second-order nonlinear consensus models with a bonding force, namely the Kuramoto model and the Cucker-Smale model with inter-particle bonding force. The proposed models contain feedback control terms which induce collision avoidance and emergent consensus dynamics in a suitable framework. Through the cooperative interplays between feedback controls, initial state configuration tends to an ordered configuration asymptotically under suitable frameworks which are formulated in terms of system parameters and initial configurations. For a two-particle system on the real line, we show that the relative state tends to the preassigned value asymptotically, and we also provide several numerical examples to analyze the possible nonlinear dynamics of the proposed models, and compare them with analytical results.Comment: 37 pages, 5 figure

Utilizing patient-specific 3D printed kidney surgical guide with realistic phantom for partial nephrectomy

Abstract Partial nephrectomy has been demonstrated to preserve renal function compared with radical nephrectomy. Computed tomography (CT) is used to reveal localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, marking RCC directly and quantitatively on a patient's kidney during an operation is difficult. We fabricated and evaluated a 3D-printed kidney surgical guide (3DP-KSG) with a realistic kidney phantom. The kidney phantoms including parenchyma and three different RCC locations and 3DP-KSG were designed and fabricated based on a patient's CT image. 3DP-KSG was used to insert 16-gauge intravenous catheters into the kidney phantoms, which was scanned by CT. The catheter insertion points and angle were evaluated. The measurement errors of insertion points were 1.597 ± 0.741 mm, and cosine similarity of trajectories was 0.990 ± 0.010. The measurement errors for X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis in the insertion point were 0.611 ± 0.855 mm, 0.028 ± 1.001 mm, and − 0.510 ± 0.923 mm. The 3DP-KSG targeted the RCC accurately, quantitatively, and immediately on the surface of the kidney, and no significant difference was shown between the operators. Partial nephrectomy will accurately remove the RCC using 3DP-KSG in the operating room

Measuring Nonlocal Brane Order with Error-Corrected Quantum Gas Microscopes

Exotic quantum many-body states, such as Haldane and spin liquid phases, can exhibit remarkable features like fractional excitations and non-Abelian statistics and offer new understandings of quantum entanglement in many-body quantum systems. These phases are classified by nonlocal correlators that can be directly measured in atomic analog quantum simulating platforms, such as optical lattices and Rydberg atom arrays. However, characterizing these phases in large systems is experimentally challenging because they are sensitive to local errors like atom loss, which suppress its signals exponentially. Additionally, protocols for systematically identifying and mitigating uncorrelated errors in analog quantum simulators are lacking. Here, we address these challenges by developing an error-correction method for large-scale neutral atom quantum simulators using optical lattices. Our error-correction method can distinguish correlated particle-hole pairs from uncorrelated holes in the Mott insulator. After removing the uncorrelated errors, we observe a dramatic improvement in the nonlocal parity correlator and find the perimeter scaling law. Furthermore, the error model provides a statistical estimation of fluctuations in site occupation, from which we measure the generalized brane correlator and confirm that it can be an order parameter for Mott insulators in two dimensions. Our work provides a promising avenue for investigating and characterizing exotic phases of matters in large-scale quantum simulators. © 2024 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article&apos;s title, journal citation, and DOI.11Nscopu

Patient-specific, deliverable, and self-expandable surgical guide development and evaluation using 4D printing for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy

Abstract Accurate lesion diagnosis through computed tomography (CT) and advances in laparoscopic or robotic surgeries have increased partial nephrectomy survival rates. However, accurately marking the kidney resection area through the laparoscope is a prevalent challenge. Therefore, we fabricated and evaluated a 4D-printed kidney surgical guide (4DP-KSG) for laparoscopic partial nephrectomies based on CT images. The kidney phantom and 4DP-KSG were designed based on CT images from a renal cell carcinoma patient. 4DP-KSG were fabricated using shape-memory polymers. 4DP-KSG was compressed to a 10 mm thickness and restored to simulate laparoscopic port passage. The Bland–Altman evaluation assessed 4DP-KSG shape and marking accuracies before compression and after restoration with three operators. The kidney phantom’s shape accuracy was 0.436 ± 0.333 mm, and the 4DP-KSG’s shape accuracy was 0.818 ± 0.564 mm before compression and 0.389 ± 0.243 mm after restoration, with no significant differences. The 4DP-KSG marking accuracy was 0.952 ± 0.682 mm before compression and 0.793 ± 0.677 mm after restoration, with no statistical differences between operators (p = 0.899 and 0.992). In conclusion, our 4DP-KSG can be used for laparoscopic partial nephrectomies, providing precise and quantitative kidney tumor marking between operators before compression and after restoration

Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High-Energy Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

Conventional nickel-rich cathode materials suffer from reaction heterogeneity during electrochemical cycling particularly at high temperature, because of their polycrystalline properties and secondary particle morphology. Despite intensive research on the morphological evolution of polycrystalline nickel-rich materials, its practical investigation at the electrode and cell levels is still rarely discussed. Herein, an intrinsic limitation of polycrystalline nickel-rich cathode materials in high-energy full-cells is discovered under industrial electrode-fabrication conditions. Owing to their highly unstable chemo-mechanical properties, even after the first cycle, nickel-rich materials are degraded in the longitudinal direction of the high-energy electrode. This inhomogeneous degradation behavior of nickel-rich materials at the electrode level originates from the overutilization of active materials on the surface side, causing a severe non-uniform potential distribution during long-term cycling. In addition, this phenomenon continuously lowers the reversibility of lithium ions. Consequently, considering the degradation of polycrystalline nickel-rich materials, this study suggests the adoption of a robust single-crystalline LiNi(0.8)Co(0.1)Mn(0.1)O(2)as a feasible alternative, to effectively suppress the localized overutilization of active materials. Such an adoption can stabilize the electrochemical performance of high-energy lithium-ion cells, in which superior capacity retention above approximate to 80% after 1000 cycles at 45 degrees C is demonstrated

Surface Engineering Strategies of Layered LiCoO2 Cathode Material to Realize High-Energy and High-Voltage Li-Ion Cells

Battery industries and research groups are further investigating LiCoO2 to unravel the capacity at high-voltages (&gt;4.3 vs Li). The research trends are towards the surface modification of the LiCoO2 and stabilize it structurally and chemically. In this report, the recent progress in the surface-coating materials i.e., single-element, binary, and ternary hybrid-materials etc. and their coating methods are illustrated. Further, the importance of evaluating the surface-coated LiCoO2 in the Li-ion full-cell is highlighted with our recent results. Mg, P-coated LiCoO2 full-cells exhibit excellent thermal stability, high-temperature cycle and room-temperature rate capabilities with high energydensity of approximate to 1.4 W h cc(-1) at 10 C and 4.35 V. Besides, pouch-type full-cells with high-loading (18 mg cm(-2)) electrodes of layered-Li(Ni,Mn)O-2 -coated LiCoO2 not only deliver prolonged cycle-life at room and elevated-temperatures but also high energy-density of approximate to 2 W h cc(-1) after 100 cycles at 25 degrees C and 4.47 V (vs natural graphite). The post-mortem analyses and experimental results suggest enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to the mechanistic behaviour of hybrid surface-coating layers that can mitigate undesirable side reactions and micro-crack formations on the surface of LiCoO2 at the adverse conditions. Hence, the surface-engineering of electrode materials could be a viable path to achieve the high-energy Li-ion cells for future applications.clos