배경지식이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향

번역이란 이종 문화 간 의사소통 행위이며 번역사는 그 두 개의 서로 다른 문화 간 가교 역할을 담당하는 의사 소통자이다. 그렇다면 이 의사 소통자가 훌륭하게 자신의 역할을 수행하려면 어떤 종류의 능력을 갖추어야 할 것인가?이러한 질문을 바탕으로 본 논문은 번역 행위에서 가장 중요한 요소 가운데 하나인 배경 지식이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향을 이론적으로 고찰해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 번역사의 행위로서의 번역 과정을 연구하되, 번역 과정에 대한 기존의 연구를 소개함과 더불어 번역 과정을 분석한 다음, 이를 출발어 텍스트의 읽기 및 이해 과정인 제 1 단계 그리고 재 표현 과정인 도착어 텍스트 생산 단계 즉 제 2 단계로 나누어 소개하고자 한다. 마지막으로 배경 지식이 이 번역 과정에 미치는 영향을 분석함으로써 배경 지식의 중요성을 강조하고 번역 교육의 적절한 방향을 위한 하나의 기준을 제시하고자 한다.La traduction est une activité de communication interculturelle et le traducteur devient un médiateur de communication entre deux cultures différentes. De quel genre de techniques a besoin ce médiateur pour être compétent ? Cet article tend à découvrir l’influence des connaissances de base sur le processus de la traduction. Tout d’abord, le processus sera analysé en tant qu’activité de traducteur, présentant les études antérieures dans ce domaine. Le processus sera considéré en deux étapes : lecture et compréhension du texte source ; réexpression et production du texte cible. Finalement, nous espérons que l’analyse du processus permettra de vérifier l’influence des connaissances de base afin de mettre en lumière l’importance de ces dernières et d’en tenir compte dans la formation des apprentis traducteurs.Translation is an intercultural communication activity and the translator is a communicator between two different cultures. So what kind of skills does s/he need to be a competent communicator? This paper aims to find out how background knowledge can affect the process of translation. First of all, in this paper, the process of translation will be analyzed as an activity of the translator, introducing previous studies about the given process. The analysis will be divided into two steps; reading and understanding of source text, re-expression or production of target text. Finally, the effects of background knowledge will be proved in this process analysis in order to emphasize its importance and clearly present a proper direction in translation teaching

Performance Analysis of MapReduce with In-Memory Caching in HDFS

Department of Computer EngineeringIn this paper, we study the effects of HDFS in-memory caching on various MapReduce applications. We first evaluate the performance of seven MapReduce applications to understand different resource usage patterns. We then modify the centralized cache management system in HDFS such that individual blocks of a file can be cached. Using the modified system in HDFS, we compare the performance of MapReduce applications with in-memory caching to that without in-memory caching for workloads of a single MapReduce application and multiple MapReduce applications. In the experiments, the same workload was executed multiple times to see the effects of in-memory caching. Our experimental results show that the in-memory cache system can be beneficial to workloads of multiple I/O-intensive MapReduce applications, but the in-memory cache system cannot improve the performance of non-I/O- intensive MapReduce applications, possibly degrading the performance due to the overhead of in-memory caching.ope

Applying content-based similarity measure to author co-citation analysis

This study proposed a novel author similarity measure in author co-citation analysis (ACA). Unlike other ACA studies, we used citing sentences to reflect topical relatedness of authors. In our research, we extended traditional approaches by adopting Word2Vec, one of deep learning methods, to measure author similarity. We also conducted in-depth network analysis of author maps. The results of Word2Vec-based author map revealed more specific sub-disciplines and the important authors in perspective of topical influence than traditional approach does. Our method allows for more sophisticated analysis than the traditional ACA approach by providing a more in-depth understanding and the specific structure of a discipline

Improvement Of Competitiveness In Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises

While SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) contribute much to the economy, their competitiveness compared to that of large enterprises is negligible. Periodic evaluation of the overall competitiveness of SMEs is important to determine the reasons behind their relatively low growth rate. In order to maximize the effects of support for SMEs through government policies, determining the best means of providing support and enhancing competitiveness is necessary. Government funds or other sources of support for SMEs must be supplied according to the circumstances surrounding each enterprise. For instance, if the government invests in tangible assets, SMEs must be the target, because their size guarantees that despite their lower flexibility, competitiveness will improve. If investment is made in research and development, the firm’s long-term capacity for growth must be evaluated rather than its profitability, since there is an immediate increase in costs. There are differences in the effects of investment on flexibility, immaterial capital, and the ability to compete according to the size of the firm and the number of years it has been in business; these factors must be taken into account. Also, in allocating supporting funds to SMEs, the sites at which the funds are to be used must be examined. Active use of funds in areas where SMEs cannot invest in themselves is encouraged, rather than investment in general

Generational Differences in CGM Perceptions and Use for Travel Planning

Although online consumer-generated media (CGM) play an important role in travel decision-making, it is questionable if the uses and impacts of CGM are equal across different age groups. This study thus tested whether generational differences can be found regarding travel-related CGM use and impacts. The results show important differences among the generational groups in terms of their Internet affinity, travelrelated CGM use and perceptions as well as their CGM creation behaviors. The findings of this study broaden our understanding of how travel-related CGM is used and perceived by different generational cohorts and indicate the need for strategic marketing planning that takes generational cohorts into account

Web 2.0: ew Rules for Tourism Marketing

Web 2.0 technologies challenge many tourism marketers since they have to change their old marketing beliefs and quickly learn how to best capitalize on Web 2.0 technologies. Recognizing the growing importance of Web 2.0 technologies in tourism, this paper seeks to provide a new marketing framework to help travel marketers better understand the changing marketing environment and also to identify research opportunities for tourism researchers. The new marketing functions extended by Web 2.0 technologies are discussed based on current marketing literature. Further, case studies are presented to illustrate how these functions could be translated into practical tourism marketing strategies

The Influence of Virtual Representatives on Recommender System Evaluation

Virtual representatives are increasingly used in recommender systems to guide users and add conversational aspects. However, the impacts of virtual representatives on users’ evaluations of the recommender system have not been investigated. This study specifically examined the influence of virtual representatives’ anthropomorphism cues on system users’ perceptions of system credibility and liking. The results revealed that system users’ perceptions of the virtual representative’s credibility have a significant influence on users’ perceived credibility and liking of the system. Also, the human-like appearance of a virtual representative significantly influences users’ perceived attractiveness of the virtual representative, while voice outputs from the representative were found to have a significant influence on users’ liking of the recommender system

Determinant Factors of Pedestrian Volume in Different Land-Use Zones: Combining Space Syntax Metrics with GIS-Based Built-Environment Measures

This study combined space syntax metrics and geographic information systems (GIS)-based built-environment measures to analyze pedestrian volume in different land-use zones, as recorded in unique public data from a pedestrian volume survey of 10,000 locations in Seoul, Korea. The results indicate that most of the built-environment variables, such as density, land use, accessibility, and street design measures, showed statistically significant associations with pedestrian volume. Among the syntactic variables, global integration showed a statistically significant association with the average pedestrian volume in residential and commercial zones. In contrast, local integration turned out to be an important factor in the commercial zone. Therefore, this study concludes that the syntactic variables of global and local integration, as well as some built-environment variables, should be considered as determinant factors of pedestrian volume, though the effects of those variables varied by land-use zone. Therefore, planning and public policies should use tailored approaches to promote urban vitality through pedestrian volume in accordance with each land-use zone’s characteristics