A competitive analysis of Indian fish export to USA: Growth, performance, comparative advantages and instability

790-797USA is the major export market destination for Indian fish and fishery products especially for crustaceans. The present study analyzed the status, export performance and competitiveness of Indian fish export to USA based on data (2000-2017) collected from UNCOMTRADE statistical database of United Nations. Trade balance revealed that the net trade for Indian fish export to USA was positive and the export has always been far greater than the imports. Compound Growth Rate (CGR) revealed that the seafood export grew at 18.22 % in terms of value with instability of 0.1 from 2000-2017. The average Unit Value Realization (UVR) was found highest in live fishes (15.62) followed by crustaceans (6.89) and others. Commodity wise Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) revealed that it is highly positive for crustaceans (7.87) followed by molluscs (2.74) and frozen fish (2.12) indicating that India has a strong comparative advantage in exporting these commodities to USA

Economics of open-access fisheries: A case of factors affecting the revenue of coastal or inshore longline fisheries in Pakistan

52-59This study attempts to determine the effects and strength of association of several techno-economic factors affecting the revenue for a sample of open-access inshore longline boats in the coastal waters of Pakistan. Prior research focuses on two non-parametric test statistics, namely Spearman’s rank correlation and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance for the estimation of coefficients due to the non-normal distribution of the data. The estimated values of correlation coefficients for the catch (ρrevenue, catch = 0.721, τb = 0.567), trips (ρrevenue, trips = 0.707, τb = 0.574) and crew (ρrevenue, crew = 0.715, τb = 0.587) indicates a strong positive relationship on revenue generation. Similarly, the intercorrelations between the crew on the catch (ρcrew, catch = 0.56, τb = 0.45) and crew on trips (ρcrew, trips = 0.55 τb = 0.47) also show a strong positive association in Spearman’s rank correlation while the Kendall’s correlation shows a weak relationship. Furthermore, the estimated values of engine speed show a very weak association with revenue (ρrevenue, engine = 0.25, τb = 0.18). Conclusively, the revenue increases with the increase in fish catch, sea trips and the number of crew members on board. Additionally, the results of engine speed signify that the coastal fishery is a less fuel-efficient and economically viable business for the fishermen community in the country

A comparative analysis on expansion of Pakistan fisheries trade: World & China

1643-1650China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a major pillar of Belt and Road initiative project of Chinese Government. China has investing billions of US$s in Pakistan to forestall the major energy crises, bilateral trade and mutual development. This research article describes the comparative analysis of fisheries products exported from Pakistan to china and rest of the world. An in-depth analysis is done on cooperation position and coming possibilities in export by fisheries product between Pak-China. On this basis, we will explore into how the “Belt and Road Initiative” will promote further expansion of China-Pakistan Economic Trade Cooperation and propose specific measures for China-Pakistan to expand economic and trade cooperation. China is the one of the biggest export markets of fisheries products from Pakistan. China has imported and exported 39599 thousand tons of fisheries products and this figure is expected increase in future. The annual growth in value from 2014 to 2018 exports of fish & fishery products from Pakistan to the China registered high growth in fresh or chilled (0302) fish products which increased by 20 %, 18 % growth is observed in dried or salted (0305), 17 % growth in live fish (0301) and 13 % in frozen fish (0303) products. While, the annual growth in export value from 2014 to 2018 to the World have registered an increase at 14 % in fish fleets (0304), 12 % in Molluscs (0307), 11 % in frozen fish (0303) and 10 % in dried or salted (0305) fish products

Assessment approach of production models to commercial pelagic catch and effort data of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier, 1816) in the Arabian Sea

Globally, Reference Points (RPs) indicators are usually lifted in the science of fisheries management for the alternative running objectives and tracking the condition of fisheries. The Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) in A Stock Production Model Incorporates Covariates (ASPIC) estimated F = 0.062 – 0.132 and F = 0.059 – 0.126 from 2003 to 2018 with F/FMSY showing an increased inclination from 0.628 to 1.346 and 1.027 to 2.179, respectively. Estimated Starting Biomass (B) = 520800 – 263100 MT and B = 541000 – 277000 MT from population trajectory (Non-bootstrapped) sharply decreased to the ratio of biomass to BMSY (B/BMSY) 2.810 – 1.420 and 2.075 – 1.063, respectively. Furthermore, the uncertainties reported in Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) (18210 – 15050 MT), FMSY (0.098 – 0.058) and BMSY (185300 – 260700 MT) from FM and LM was also estimated in ASPIC using 0.8 Initial Proportion (IP) of starting Maximum Catch (MC) that was 80 %. According to Target Reference Points (TRPs), CEDA and ASPIC (11000 – 18000 MT and 15000 – 18000 MT) range also indicate overexploitation of the Indian mackerel in the Arabian Sea of Pakistan. Estimated Predicted Yield (PY) of 28841 MT in 2003 and even Recent Catch (RC) of 19421 MT in 2018 is far away from harvested yield values of 31126 and 33658 MT and even MC of 38504 MT, pinpointing this research in a questionable and overexploitation state. Ideally, Fishing Effort (FE) should be reduced at the level of PY which is approximately 12000 fishing vessels (19421 MT) against the current engaged FE of about 19000 fishing vessels (33658 MT) in 2018 for the Indian mackerel fishery in Pakistan. In order to prevent this huge economic loss and to reduce the efforts of fisheries, it is suggested that strict and immediate measures should be followed by the policy makers and law enforcement organizations against the mesh size and illegal nets for this type of commercially important fishery

Resource evaluation, stock, growth and mortality of the Bombay duck (Harpodon nehereus Hamilton, 1822) fishery in the coastal waters of Pakistan

1222-1228Bombay duck, Harpadon nehereus (Hamilton, 1822), harvested mainly by dol nets, has been a prolific fishery in the northern Arabian Sea. Monthly length composition data for H. nehereus, landed at the Karachi Fish Harbor (KFH) from July 2014 to June 2015 was used to determine growth, mortality and stock evaluation. Total  2252 specimen with an average of 19.171 ± 2.659 cm TL (14 to 28 cm total length), an average of 45.254 ± 23.113 g of 9 to 174 g (total body weight) analyzed. The data used in FiSAT-II applying ELEFAN-I package for estimating population dynamics. The estimated the growth parameters of von Bertalanffy L∞ = 29.40 cm, K = 0.610 year-1 and t0 = -0.359 year-1 with a phi φ’ = 2.722. The length-weight relationship was W = 0.001L3.477 (R2 = 0.918) and b > 3 is described as positive allometric growth. Total mortality was calculated at Z = 1.800 year-1, natural mortality estimated at M = 1.276 year-1 at 27 °C in addition, fishing mortality rate was 0.524 year-1 is not much higher than the safe level (Fopt = 0.638 year-1) and a little below edge (Flimit = 0.850 year-1) biological reference points. Due to mortality and exploitation rate (E = 0.291 < 0.50), the population stock and reserves were underutilized

Economic analysis of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) (Bloch 1790), in Pakistan and opportunities for its aquaculture development

1425-1434Barramundi, (Lates calcarifer) is one of the most commercially important fish species. In Pakistan, farming of this species is relatively new. Article delivers the economic analysis of Barramundi and its fishery resources in Pakistan. The analysis includes the capture production, aquaculture production and market price. The Capture production of Barramundi in Pakistan has shown a declining trend by average at 18 t y-1 from 605 t in 1986 to 121.2 t in 2018. Similarly, wholesale and retail market prices witnessed an increase from 2003 to 2018. During this period, the wholesale price rose to 384.3 PKR/kg from 69 PKR/kg, while the retail price surged to 395.2 PKR/kg from 97 PKR/kg. On the other hand, the increasing operational fishing fleets from 15513 (1990) to 30000 (2018) has reduced Fishery resources of barramundi i.e. from 312 ton to 130 and its body weight from 13.42 kg to 3.5 kg during the period from 1990 to 2018. On the contrary, aquaculture production registered a rising trend by average of 0.5 t y-1 from 05 t in 2009 to 8.2 t in 2018. The rise in aquaculture production of Barramundi is not satisfactory when compared to its growth rate in other countries like Bangladesh, Thailand, Australia, China, India etc. In this study, we find out the major causes of non-satisfactory rise in aquaculture production by the using AGR model. Results show that the main reasons beyond decline in the growth included inaccessibility of Barramundi Seed, unavailability of Barramundi Hatcheries and lack of government Support

The notch regulator MAML1 interacts with p53 and functions as a coactivator.

Members of the evolutionarily conserved Mastermind (MAM) protein family, including the three related mammalian Mastermind-like (MAML) proteins MAML1-3, function as crucial coactivators of Notch-mediated transcriptional activation. Given the recent evidence of cross-talk between the p53 and Notch signal transduction pathways, we have investigated whether MAML1 may also be a transcriptional coactivator of p53. Indeed, we show here that MAML1 is able to interact with p53. We show that MAML1-p53 interaction involves the N-terminal region of MAML1 and the DNA-binding domain of p53, and we use a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay to show that MAML1 is part of the activator complex that binds to native p53-response elements within the promoter of the p53 target genes. Overexpression of wild-type MAML1 as well as a mutant, defective in Notch signaling, enhanced the p53-dependent gene induction in mammalian cells, whereas MAML1 knockdown reduced the p53-dependent gene expression. MAML1 increases the half-life of p53 protein and enhances its phosphorylation/acetylation upon DNA damage of cells. Finally, RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the single Caenorhabditis elegans MAML homolog, Lag-3, led to substantial abrogation of p53-mediated germ-cell apoptotic response to DNA damage and markedly reduced the expression of Ced-13 and Egl-1, downstream pro-apoptotic targets of the C. elegans p53 homolog Cep-1. Thus, we present evidence for a novel coactivator function of MAML1 for p53, independent of its function as a coactivator of Notch signaling pathway

Assessment approach of production models to commercial pelagic catch and effort data of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta, Cuvier, 1816) in the Arabian Sea

78-93Globally, Reference Points (RPs) indicators are usually lifted in the science of fisheries management for the alternative running objectives and tracking the condition of fisheries. The Fox Model (FM) and Logistic Model (LM) in A Stock Production Model Incorporates Covariates (ASPIC) estimated F = 0.062 – 0.132 and F = 0.059 – 0.126 from 2003 to 2018 with F/FMSY showing an increased inclination from 0.628 to 1.346 and 1.027 to 2.179, respectively. Estimated Starting Biomass (B) = 520800 – 263100 MT and B = 541000 – 277000 MT from population trajectory (Non-bootstrapped) sharply decreased to the ratio of biomass to BMSY (B/BMSY) 2.810 – 1.420 and 2.075 – 1.063, respectively. Furthermore, the uncertainties reported in Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) (18210 – 15050 MT), FMSY (0.098 – 0.058) and BMSY (185300 – 260700 MT) from FM and LM was also estimated in ASPIC using 0.8 Initial Proportion (IP) of starting Maximum Catch (MC) that was 80 %. According to Target Reference Points (TRPs), CEDA and ASPIC (11000 – 18000 MT and 15000 – 18000 MT) range also indicate overexploitation of the Indian mackerel in the Arabian Sea of Pakistan. Estimated Predicted Yield (PY) of 28841 MT in 2003 and even Recent Catch (RC) of 19421 MT in 2018 is far away from harvested yield values of 31126 and 33658 MT and even MC of 38504 MT, pinpointing this research in a questionable and overexploitation state. Ideally, Fishing Effort (FE) should be reduced at the level of PY which is approximately 12000 fishing vessels (19421 MT) against the current engaged FE of about 19000 fishing vessels (33658 MT) in 2018 for the Indian mackerel fishery in Pakistan. In order to prevent this huge economic loss and to reduce the efforts of fisheries, it is suggested that strict and immediate measures should be followed by the policy makers and law enforcement organizations against the mesh size and illegal nets for this type of commercially important fishery

Human Papillomavirus Oncoprotein E6 Inactivates the Transcriptional Coactivator Human ADA3

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are associated with carcinomas of the cervix and other genital tumors. The HPV oncoprotein E6 is essential for oncogenic transformation. We identify here hADA3, human homologue of the yeast transcriptional coactivator yADA3, as a novel E6-interacting protein and a target of E6-induced degradation. hADA3 binds selectively to the high-risk HPV E6 proteins and only to immortalization-competent E6 mutants. hADA3 functions as a coactivator for p53-mediated transactivation by stabilizing p53 protein. Notably, three immortalizing E6 mutants that do not induce direct p53 degradation but do interact with hADA3 induced the abrogation of p53-mediated transactivation and G(1) cell cycle arrest after DNA damage, comparable to wild-type E6. These findings reveal a novel strategy of HPV E6-induced loss of p53 function that is independent of direct p53 degradation. Given the likely role of the evolutionarily conserved hADA3 in multiple coactivator complexes, inactivation of its function may allow E6 to perturb numerous cellular pathways during HPV oncogenesis