Translation of Personal Address in Peach Blossom Paradise

As a literary masterpiece, Peach Blossom Paradise has a variety of characters, whose personal address fully reflects the complex interpersonal relationship and diverse characters’ characteristics. This paper uses quantitative research methods to classify personal address in Peach Blossom Paradise into three categories: name address, personal address and kinship address, and sorts out the translation methods of each type of those personal address. The paper uses Nida Eugene’s functional equivalence theory to explore the rationale for the use of each translation method, so we can get the inspiration from it. Through data analysis, it is found that in the translation of personal address the translator employed a variety of translation methods, among which literal translation, free translation, transliteration and variation translation are the most commonly used, and recreation and omission are the supplements, thus achieving maximum equivalence to make the target reader understand the source text as well as the original reader of the text

Evaluation of oilseed rape seed yield losses caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in central China

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: Xiang Cai, Yongju Huang, Daohong Jiang, Bruce D. L. Fitt, Guoqing Li, and Long Yang, "Evaluation of oilseed rape seed yield losses caused by Leptosphaeria biglobosa in central China", European Journal of Plant Pathology, first published 9 June 2017. Under embargo. Embargo end date: 9 June 2018. The final publication is available at Springer via: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1266-x.Phoma stem canker of oilseed rape (Brassica napus), caused by Leptosphaeria maculans/L. biglobosa is a globally important disease. Severe phoma stem canker symptoms have been observed on winter oilseed rape in China but the seed yield loss caused by this disease remains unknown. In May 2012 and May 2013, 17 and 13 crops were surveyed, respectively, in seven counties of Hubei Province, central China. Stems with phoma stem canker disease symptoms were sampled for pathogen isolation and identification. Only L. biglobosa was identified by culture morphology and species-specific PCR; no L. maculans was found. To evaluate the yield losses, yield components (number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, number of seeds per pod) were assessed on healthy and diseased plants sampled from crops in four counties and on plants from inoculated pot experiments (plants of three cultivars were inoculated at the green bud stage by injecting L. biglobosa conidia into the stem between the first and second leaf scars). Results of the field surveys showed that diseased plants had 14–61% less branches and 32–83% less pods than healthy plants, respectively. The estimated seed yield loss varied from 10% to 21% and from 13% to 37% in 2012 and 2013, respectively. In the pot experiments, there were no differences in numbers of branches or pods but there were differences in number of seeds per pod between inoculated and control plants. For the three cultivars tested, the inoculated plants had yield losses of 29–56% compared with the control. This study indicates that L. biglobosa could cause substantial seed yield loss in China.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in low-birth-weight goat kids

Low birth weight (LBW) impairs the development and health of livestock by affecting postnatal growth performance and metabolic health in adulthood. Previous studies on indigenous goats in southwest China showed that LBW goat kids had higher mortality and morbidity rates, including hepatic dyslipidemia and liver damage. However, the mechanism of insulin resistance affecting lipid metabolism under LBW conditions remains unclear. In this study, we conducted in vivo glucose-insulin metabolic studies, measured biochemical parameters, and analyzed related regulatory pathways. Both glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests indicated insulin resistance in LBW goat kids compared to controls (p < 0.05). The marker of insulin resistance, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), was 2.85-fold higher in LBW than in control goats (p < 0.01). Additionally, elevated levels of free fatty acids in both plasma and skeletal muscle were observed in LBW goats compared to normal birth weight (NBW) goats (p < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis revealed impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in LBW goats. The observed lipid accumulation was associated with the upregulation of genes linked to fatty acid uptake and transport (FABP3), fatty acid oxidation (PPARA), triacylglycerol synthesis (LPIN1 and DGAT1), oxidative stress (ANKRD2), and insulin resistance (PGC1α). Furthermore, the insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) was lower in the liver of LBW goat kids (p < 0.05). While there was no change in insulin function in skeletal muscle, LBW may lead to lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle by interfering with insulin function in the liver. These findings collectively impact the health and growth performance of livestock

Moderating Effect of Mindfulness on the Relationships Between Perceived Stress and Mental Health Outcomes Among Chinese Intensive Care Nurses

This study aimed to explore the potential moderating effect of mindfulness and its facets on the relationships among perceived stress and mental health outcomes (burnout, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being) among Chinese intensive care nurses. A total of 500 Chinese intensive care nurses completed self-report measures of mindfulness, burnout syndromes, perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being. Correlation and hierarchical multiple regressions were applied for data analysis. Mindfulness moderated the effects of perceived stress on emotional exhaustion (the core component of burnout syndrome), depression, anxiety, positive affect, and negative affect but not on the other two dimensions of burnout and life satisfaction. Further analyses indicated that the ability to act with awareness was particularly crucial in improving the effects of perceived stress on depression. These results further broaden our understanding of the relationships between perceived stress and burnout, depression, anxiety, and subjective well-being by demonstrating that mindfulness may serve as a protective factor that alleviates or eliminates the negative effects of perceived stress on depression, anxiety, burnout syndrome, and subjective well-being and may instigate further research into targeted mindfulness interventions for Chinese intensive care nurses

Incorporating pleiotropic quantitative trait loci in dissection of complex traits: seed yield in rapeseed as an example

© The Author(s) 2017 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, duplication, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.Most agronomic traits of interest for crop improvement (including seed yield) are highly complex quantitative traits controlled by numerous genetic loci, which brings challenges for comprehensively capturing associated markers/ genes. We propose that multiple trait interactions underlie complex traits such as seed yield, and that considering these component traits and their interactions can dissect individual quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects more effectively and improve yield predictions. Using a segregating rapeseed (Brassica napus) population, we analyzed a large set of trait data generated in 19 independent experiments to investigate correlations between seed yield and other complex traits, and further identified QTL in this population with a SNP-based genetic bin map. A total of 1904 consensus QTL accounting for 22 traits, including 80 QTL directly affecting seed yield, were anchored to the B. napus reference sequence. Through trait association analysis and QTL meta-analysis, we identified a total of 525 indivisible QTL that either directly or indirectly contributed to seed yield, of which 295 QTL were detected across multiple environments. A majority (81.5%) of the 525 QTL were pleiotropic. By considering associations between traits, we identified 25 yield-related QTL previously ignored due to contrasting genetic effects, as well as 31 QTL with minor complementary effects. Implementation of the 525 QTL in genomic prediction models improved seed yield prediction accuracy. Dissecting the genetic and phenotypic interrelationships underlying complex quantitative traits using this method will provide valuable insights for genomics-based crop improvement.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

The study of systems using modelling techniques

This thesis describes the methodologies and techniques underpinning computer modelling. It also describes how these methodologies and techniques are encapsulated in the SAAM/CONSAM computer modelling software, and highlights the utility of computer modelling for the investigation of actual systems for which unanalysed data exist. Four systems were studied here, and models were developed for each system. The revegetation of bauxite refining residue, red mud, produced from alumina refi·ning is extremely difficult because of the high amount Na+ in the desilication product (DSP). Hence, an understanding of the Na+ chemistry in red mud is important for successful revegetation of red mud. A five compartment model was developed to describe the kinetics of Na+ release from red mud for both Na-K and Na-Ca exchange. The modelling results showed that sodium located in the external sites was released in about 6 hours and 3 days for K+ and Ca2+ exchange respectively. The release of Na+ located in the internal sites was slow for both Na-K and Na-Ca exchanges. Using the rate constants obtained for the slowest reaction for both exchange systems, it was estimated that the time required for the release of all exchangeable Na+ in red mud (73 meq/1 00g red mud) to a level of 0.01 meq/1 00g was 21.9 days and 54.7 days for K+ and Ca2+ as replacement cations respectively. It is clear that computer program support needs to be enlisted to investigate chemical processes of even modest complexity. The utility of the SAAM/CONSAM computer software in the investigation of the solution to arbitrary order differential equations and also the solution to chemical kinetics was demonstrated. Corroboration of the results from the model with analytical 11 iii solutions bore out the modelling results. This gave rise to an efficient way for the investigation of arbitrary order differential equations and chemical kinetics without any need for solving the associated differential equations. Bergman's minimal model can fit the FSIGT (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) data of non-diabetics, and can be used to simultaneously estimate SI and SG values in non-diabetics. Unfortunately, this model could not fit the FSIGT data of type II diabetics. In order to fit the FSIGT data of type II diabetics and to investigate the glucose kinetics of type II diabetics, we developed a modified minimal model. Our model fitted the FSIGT data of NIDDM subjects (both saline and noradrenaline study) well, and also the FSD of all parameters were less than 30%. The modelling results showed that there was insulin secretion in NIDDM subjects, but the effect of insulin on glucose disposal was delayed (around 50 min). We did not include the insulin offset part in our model because we had never seen insulin offset from the FSIGT data of NIDDM subjects. However, we simulated the insulin offset in type II diabetics by generating the plasma glucose and plasma insulin data after the end of the experimental measurement. Two models were developed to fit the data. Both two models fitted the insulin onset data as well as the insulin offset data well. The second model included not only the feedback of insulin on glucose but also the feedback oi glucose on insulin. For the investigation of the mutual solubility behaviour of water with liquid organics, it is generally desirable to describe the solubility as a function of temperature. Several equations were proposed and investigated for their ability to fit the mutual solubility data of water with liquid organics. The systems chosen for study include hydrocarbons, esters and alcohols since these show a wide diversity of solubility behaviour. Polynomial equations were generally unsatisfactory for describing solubility data except in the simplest cases, and also they lacked physical significance. Better results were obtained with thermodynamically derived equations. Good fits could be obtained from these models even for highly soluble systems by assuming a constant heat capacity of dissolution

Filamin A phosphorylation by Akt promotes cell migration in response to arsenic

We had previously reported that trivalent arsenic (As3+), a well-known environmental carcinogen, induces phosphorylation of several putative Akt substrates. In the present report, we characterized one of these substrates by immunoprecipitation and proteomics analysis. The results indicate that a cytoskeleton remodeling protein, filamin A, with a molecular weight around 280 kDa, is phosphorylated by Akt in HEK-293 cells treated with As3+, which was also confirmed in human bronchial epithelial cell line, BEAS-2B cells. Additional biochemical and biological studies revealed that serine 2152 (S2152) of filamin A is phosphorylated by activated Akt in the cells treated with As3+. To further confirm the importance of Akt-dependent filamin A S2152 phosphorylation in As3+-induced cell migration, we over-expressed either wild type filamin A or the mutated filamin A in which the S2152 was substituted with alanine (S2152A). The capability of cell migration was reduced significantly in the cells expressing the mutated filamin A (S2152A). Clinically, we found that increased expression of filamin A predicts poorer overall survival of the lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma. Thus, these data suggest that Akt dependent filamin A phosphorylation is one of the key events in mediating As3+-induced carcinogenesis. Antagonizing Akt signaling can ameliorate As3+-induced filamin A phosphorylation and cell migration, which may serve as a molecular targeting strategy for malignancies associated with environmental As3+ exposure

Genetics studies on resistance (tolerance) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in rapeseed (B. napus L.)

Peer reviewe

Recent advance in nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and control of the aircraft

A review on the recent advance in nonlinear aeroelasticity of the aircraft is presented in this paper. The nonlinear aeroelastic problems are divided into three types based on different research objects, namely the two dimensional airfoil, the wing, and the full aircraft. Different nonlinearities encountered in aeroelastic systems are discussed firstly, where the emphases is placed on new nonlinear model to describe tested nonlinear relationship. Research techniques, especially new theoretical methods and aeroelastic flutter control methods are investigated in detail. The route to chaos and the cause of chaotic motion of two-dimensional aeroelastic system are summarized. Various structural modeling methods for the high-aspect-ratio wing with geometric nonlinearity are discussed. Accordingly, aerodynamic modeling approaches have been developed for the aeroelastic modeling of nonlinear high-aspect-ratio wings. Nonlinear aeroelasticity about high-altitude long-endurance (HALE) and fight aircrafts are studied separately. Finally, conclusions and the challenges of the development in nonlinear aeroelasticity are concluded. Nonlinear aeroelastic problems of morphing wing, energy harvesting, and flapping aircrafts are proposed as new directions in the future