Studies of the adipose tissue transcriptome

Les études disponibles suggèrent que l'expression des gènes et la régulation cellulaire du tissu adipeux pourraient jouer un rôle important dans le développement des complications reliées à l'obésité. L'identification et la caractérisation du transcriptome de tissu adipeux est susceptible d'aider à comprendre davantage la fonction endocrinienne de ce tissu et le rapport entre l'homéostasie de l'énergie et d'autres systèmes physiologiques. Les outils de la génomique fournissent l'avantage d'étudier simultanément l'expression d'un grand nombre de gènes possiblement impliqués dans les maladies associées à l'obésité. Dans cette thèse, nous avons principalement examiné le transcriptome du tissu adipeux dans diverses conditions physiologiques. La conversion de certains stéroïdes a également été étudiée. La méthodologie des micropuces d'expression a été utlisée, en plus des techniques usuelles de la biochimie des tissus adipeux. Nous avons étudié pour la première fois la variabilité d'expression des gènes dans le tissu adipeux sous-cutané et omental chez des hommes obèses. En second lieu, nous avons étudié la réponse du transcriptome de tissu adipeux à la dihydrotestostérone (DHT) chez les souris. Troisièmement, nous avons examiné le métabolisme de la progestérone dans les cellules adipeuses. Enfin, nous avons évalué l'impact de l'ablation des ovaires sur le métabolisme et le transcriptome de tissu adipeux de singe. En conclusion, dans nos études de transcriptomique examinant le profil d'expression des gènes dans des échantillons humains et d'animaux et dans différentes conditions, plusieurs gènes et voies moléculaires intéressantes ont été identifiés. Ces études peuvent fournir des informations sur les voies métaboliques et de signalisation étant à la base de l'étiologie de l'obésité et de ses complications

High throughput sample preparation and analysis for DNA sequencing, PCR and combinatorial screening of catalysis based on capillary array technique

The purpose of this research was to develop new sample preparation and integration approach for DNA sequencing, PCR based DNA analysis and combinatorial screening of homogenous catalysis based on multiplexed capillary electrophoresis;We first introduced a method to integrate the front-end tasks to DNA capillary-array sequencers. Protocols for directly sequencing the plasmids from a single bacterial colony in fused-silica capillaries were developed. No deleterious effect upon the reaction efficiency, the on-line purification system, or the capillary electrophoresis separation was observed, even though the crude lysate was used as the template. Multiplexed on-line DNA sequencing data from 8 parallel channels allowed base calling up to 620 bp with an accuracy of 98%. The entire system can be automatically regenerated for repeated operation;For PCR based DNA analysis, we demonstrated that UV absorption capillary electrophoresis can be used for DNA analysis starting from clinical sample without purification. After PCR reaction using cheek cell, blood or HIV-1 gag DNA, the reaction mixture was injected into the capillary either on-line or off-line by base stacking. The protocol was also applied to capillary array electrophoresis based simply on multiplexed UV imaging absorption detection to increase the throughput;We further developed a new methodology-nonaqueous capillary array electrophoresis coupled with microreaction, to address the throughput needs of combinatorial approaches to homogeneous catalysis screening and reaction optimization. Samples were injected directly from reaction vial without dilution and reaction quenching. Buffer compatibility was also found important for reliable 96-capillary array injection. By choosing deferent Pd and base, a combination of 88 different reaction conditions was quickly tested. The analysis time was less than one minute for one sample

Clinical Analysis on Alteration of Thyroid Hormones in the Serum of Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Low T3 has been associated with increased short-term mortality in intensive care unit and long-term mortality in cardiovascular disease. The objective of this retrospective study is to investigate associations of thyroid hormone status with clinical severity and outcome in acute ischemic stroke, and whether there is association between the pituitary axis abnormality and the anterior/posterior circulation involvement. Patients with no history of thyroid abnormality who presented first ever stroke were studied. Total T3, T4, TSH levels, basic and clinical characteristics were collected and categorized. Neurological impairment was assessed using NIHSS and modified Rankin Scale. Twenty-nine patients (61%) had T3 ≤ 75 ng/dL. Low T3 group had significant higher NIHSS compared to normal T3 group. There was a significant negative correlation between T3 levels and NIHSS scores on admission. A significantly smaller percentage of patients with low T3 showed favorable neurological function improvement by both NIHSS and mRS measures compared to those with normal T3. There was no significant difference for anterior or posterior circulation involvement between low T3 and normal T3 groups. It is suggested that low T3 is associated with worse neurological outcome. The severity of low T3 may be a predictor of functional improvement in acute ischemic stroke

Decelerating Airy pulse propagation in highly non-instantaneous cubic media

The propagation of decelerating Airy pulses in non-instantaneous cubic medium is investigated both theoretically and numerically. In a Debye model, at variance with the case of accelerating Airy and Gaussian pulses, a decelerating Airy pulse evolves into a single soliton for weak and general non- instantaneous response. Airy pulses can hence be used to control soliton generation by temporal shaping. The effect is critically dependent on the response time, and could be used as a way to measure the Debye type response function. For highly non- instantaneous response, we theoretically find a decelerating Airy pulse is still transformed into Airy wave packet with deceleration. The theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations

Show, Recall, and Tell: Image Captioning with Recall Mechanism

Generating natural and accurate descriptions in image cap-tioning has always been a challenge. In this paper, we pro-pose a novel recall mechanism to imitate the way human con-duct captioning. There are three parts in our recall mecha-nism : recall unit, semantic guide (SG) and recalled-wordslot (RWS). Recall unit is a text-retrieval module designedto retrieve recalled words for images. SG and RWS are de-signed for the best use of recalled words. SG branch cangenerate a recalled context, which can guide the process ofgenerating caption. RWS branch is responsible for copyingrecalled words to the caption. Inspired by pointing mecha-nism in text summarization, we adopt a soft switch to balancethe generated-word probabilities between SG and RWS. Inthe CIDEr optimization step, we also introduce an individualrecalled-word reward (WR) to boost training. Our proposedmethods (SG+RWS+WR) achieve BLEU-4 / CIDEr / SPICEscores of 36.6 / 116.9 / 21.3 with cross-entropy loss and 38.7 /129.1 / 22.4 with CIDEr optimization on MSCOCO Karpathytest split, which surpass the results of other state-of-the-artmethods.Comment: Published in AAAI 202

An integrated molecular cytogenetic map of Cucumis sativus L. chromosome 2

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Integration of molecular, genetic and cytological maps is still a challenge for most plant species. Recent progress in molecular and cytogenetic studies created a basis for developing integrated maps in cucumber (<it>Cucumis sativus </it>L.).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In this study, eleven fosmid clones and three plasmids containing 45S rDNA, the centromeric satellite repeat Type III and the pericentriomeric repeat CsRP1 sequences respectively were hybridized to cucumber metaphase chromosomes to assign their cytological location on chromosome 2. Moreover, an integrated molecular cytogenetic map of cucumber chromosomes 2 was constructed by fluorescence <it>in situ </it>hybridization (FISH) mapping of 11 fosmid clones together with the cucumber centromere-specific Type III sequence on meiotic pachytene chromosomes. The cytogenetic map was fully integrated with genetic linkage map since each fosmid clone was anchored by a genetically mapped simple sequence repeat marker (SSR). The relationship between the genetic and physical distances along chromosome was analyzed.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Recombination was not evenly distributed along the physical length of chromosome 2. Suppression of recombination was found in centromeric and pericentromeric regions. Our results also indicated that the molecular markers composing the linkage map for chromosome 2 provided excellent coverage of the chromosome.</p